non bis in idem Nasıl Anlaşılmalı?: idem Unsurunun AIHM’e Göre Yorumu

Öz

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin non bis in idem ilkesi bağlamında idem kavramının yorumlanmasında temel olarak üç yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Bunlar “aynı davranış testi”, “esaslı unsurlar testi” ve “aynı hareket testi”dir. Bu üç yorum da eleştiriye son derece açıktır. Bu bağlamda maddi ceza hukuku ve ceza muhakemesi hukuklarının uygulanmasında fiil kavramının bu iki hukuk bakımından birbirinden ayrılması gereklidir. Neyin idem kavramını oluşturduğuna karar vermek için muhakemesel fiil kavramı göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Ayrıca idem kavramının somut ve tutarlı uygulanması idem ve aynı idem kavramlarının farklılaştırılması yoluyla sağlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• non bis in idem ilkesi,idem kavramı,İki kere yargılama yasağı,Muhakemesel fiil,Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi Protokol 7 m. 4

How to Understand non bis in idem?: The Element of idem According to the ECtHR

Öz

The European Court of Human Rights essentially has three approaches on the issue of the interpretation of idem within the context of the non bis in idem principle, namely “same conduct test”, “essential elements test” and “same act test”. These three interpretations are highly open to criticism. In this regard, it is clear that a new concept is necessary to distinguish act in terms of substantive criminal law and act in procedural criminal law practice. In order to determine what constitutes an idem, one should consider the concept of “procedural act”. Moreover, I contend that providing a concrete and consistent interpretation of idem depends on the differentiation of the terms idem and same idem. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Principle of non bis in idem,Concept of idem,Double jeopardy,Procedural act,Article 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights

Destekleyen Kurum

The author received no grant support for this work.

Kaynakça

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27. Franz Fischer v. Austria, 29 May 2001.
28. Garretta v. France, 4 March 2008.
29. Gradinger v. Austria, 23 October 1995.
30. Hauser-Sporn v. Austria, 7 December 2006.
31. Sailer v. Austria, 6 June 2002.
32. Manasson v. Sweden, 8 April 2003.
33. Oliveira v. Switzerland, 30 July 1998.
34. Schutte v. Austria, 26 July 2007.
35. W.F. v. Austria, 30 May 2002.
36. Zolotukhin v. Russia, 10 February 2009.