Can the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court be Considered as the Relevant Human Rights Instrument in the Context of the Advisory Jurisdiction of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights?

Öz

Paragraph 1 of article 4 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights authorizes the African Court to give an advisory opinion within the broad scope of material jurisdiction. Although that is true in a textual sense, the African Court has preferred to the strict construction on the material jurisdiction and refused to give an opinion relating to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. According to the author of this study, the African Court’s advisory jurisdiction contains any subject, relating to the international human rights obligations of the African states, including instruments on the most serious crimes of international concern that have an impact on human rights.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights
• Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
• advisory jurisdiction
• advisory opinion
• human rights instruments

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü Afrika İnsan ve Halkların Hakları Mahkemesinin Danışma Görüşü Verme Yetkisi Bağlamında İlgili İnsan Hakları Belgesi Olarak Değerlendirilebilir Mi?

Öz

Afrika İnsan ve Halkların Hakları Şartı’nın Afrika İnsan ve Halkların Hakları Mahkemesi Kurulmasına İlişkin Protokolü’nün 4. maddesinin 1. fıkrası, Afrika Mahkemesi’nin danışma görüşü verme yetkisinin konu bakımından kapsamını oldukça geniş düzenlemektedir. Buna rağmen, Afrika Mahkemesi yetkisini dar yorumlayarak Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü’ne ilişkin danışma görüşü vermekten çekinmiştir. Bu çalışmanın yazarına göre, Afrika Mahkemesi’nin danışma görüşü verme yetkisi, insan haklarını da etkileyen en ağır suçların düzenlendiği belgeler dahil Afrikalı devletlerin uluslararası insan hakları yükümlülükleriyle ilgili her konuyu kapsamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afrika İnsan ve Halkların Hakları Mahkemesi
• Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü
• insan hakları belgeleri

Kaynakça

1. Akande D, “International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court” (2004) 98/3 American Journal of International Law 407 in Schabas W A (ed), International Criminal Law, vol II (An Elgar Research Collection 2012) 252.
2. Aljaghoub M M, The Advisory Function of the International Court of Justice 1946-2005 (Springer 2006).
3. Chenwi, L, “The Advisory Proceedings of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights” (2020) 38/1 Nordic Journal of Human Rights 61.
4. Ciampi A, “State Cooperation with the ICC and Human Rights” in Politi M and Gioia F (eds), The International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions (Ashgate 2008) 103.
5. Ciampi A, “The Obligation to Cooperate” in Cassese A, Gaeta P and Jones J R W D (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, vol II (Oxford University Press 2002) 1607.
6. Cryer R and others, An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (4th ed, Cambridge University Press 2009).
7. Frowein J Abr. and Oellers-Frahm K, “Article 65” in Zimmermann A, Tomuschat C and Oellers-Frahm K (eds), The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary (Oxford University Press 2006) 1401.
8. Keppler E, “Managing Setbacks for the International Criminal Court in Africa” (2012) 56/1 Journal of African Law 1.

9. Margueritte T, “International Criminal Law and Human Rights” in Schabas WA and Bernaz N (eds), Routledge Handbook of International Criminal Law (Routledge 2011) 435.
10. Maunganidze OA and Du Plessis A, “The ICC and the AU” in Stahn C (ed), The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court (Oxford University Press 2015) 65.
11. Orentlicher D F, “Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime” (1991) 100/8 Yale Law Journal 2537 in Schabas W A (ed), International Criminal Law, vol II (An Elgar Research Collection 2012) 693.
12. Rosenne S, The Law and Practice of the International Court 1920-2005, vol I (4th ed, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2006).
13. Schabas W A, The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (Oxford University Press 2010).
14. Schwarzenberger G, International Law, vol I (2nd ed, Stevens & Sons Limited 1949).
15. Ssenyonjo M and Nakitto S, “The African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights ‘International Criminal Law Section’: Promoting Impunity for African Union Heads of State and Senior State Officials?” (2016) 16/1 International Criminal Law Review 71.
16. Tladi D, “Article 46A Bis: Beyond the Rhetoric” in Jalloh CC, Clarke KM and Nmehielle VO (eds), The African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights in Context: Development and Challenges (Cambridge University Press 2019) 850.
17. Van der Mei AP, “The Advisory Jurisdiction of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights” (2005) 5/1 African Human Rights Law Journal 27.
18. Van der Vyver JD, “The Al Bashir Debacle” (2015) 15/2 African Human Rights Law Journal 559.
19. Viljoen F, “Introductory Note to African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: Sudan Human Rights Org. v. Sudan; Ctr. For Hous. Rights & Evictions v. Sudan” (2010) 49/6 International Legal Materials 1569.
20. Viljoen F, International Human Rights Law in Africa (2nd ed, Oxford University Press 2012).
21. Viljoen F, “Understanding and Overcoming Challenges in Accessing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights” (2018) 67/1 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 63.
22. African Court, Actions pour la Protection des Droits de l’Homme (APDH) v. The Republic of Cote d’Ivoire Application 001/2014 Judgment of 18 November 2016.
23. African Court, Beneficiaries of Late Norbert Zongo, Abdoulaye Nikiema alias Ablasse, Ernest Zongo and Blaise Ilboudo & the Burkinabe Human and Peoples’ Rights Movement v. Burkina Faso Application 013/2011 Judgment of 28 March 2014.
24. African Court, Request for Advisory Opinion No. 002/2012 by Pan African Lawyers’ Union and Southern African Litigation Centre Order of 15 March 2013.
25. African Court, Request for Advisory Opinion by the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child on the Standing of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child Before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Request No. 002/2013 Advisory Opinion of 5 December 2014.
26. African Court, Request for Advisory Opinion No. 001 of 2014 by the Coalition for the International Criminal Court, the Legal Defence & Assistance Project (LEDAP), the Civil Resource Development & Documentation Center (CIRDDOC) and the Women Advocates Documentation Center (WARDC) Order of 5 June 2015.
27. African Court, Request for Advisory Opinion No. 001 of 2015 by the Coalition for the International Criminal Court, the Legal Defence & Assistance Project (LEDAP), the Civil Resource Development & Documentation Center (CIRDDOC) and the Women Advocates Documentation Center (WARDC) Order of 29 November 2015.
28. Inter-American Court, Enforceability of the Right to Reply or Correction Advisory Opinion OC-7/85 of 29 August 1986.
29. Inter-American Court, “Other Treaties” Subject to the Consultative Jurisdiction of the Court Advisory Opinion OC-1/82 of 24 September 1982.
30. Inter-American Court, The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law Advisory Opinion OC-16/99 of 1 October 1999.
31. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Advisory Opinion of 9 July 2004 ICJ Reports 2004, 136.
32. Permanent Court of International Justice, Interpretation of the Greco-Turkish Agreement of December 1st, 1926 Advisory Opinion of 28 August 1928 Series B. – No. 16. Resolutions, Decisions and Reports
33. Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2005 A/RES/60/147.
34. Decision on the Application by the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor for the Indictment of the President of the Republic of the Sudan Adopted by the 12th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 1–3 February 2009 Assembly/AU/Dec.221(XII).
35. Decision on the Meeting of African States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Adopted by the 13th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union in Sirte, Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya on 3 July 2009 Assembly/AU/Dec.245(XIII) Rev.1.
36. Decision on the International Criminal Court Adopted by the 30th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 28–29 January 2018 Assembly/AU/Dec.672(XXX) Doc EX.CL/1068(XXXII).
37. ICC, The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (Situation in Dafur, Sudan) Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir of 4 March 2009 No ICC-02/05-01/09-1.
38. ICC, The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (Situation in Darfur, Sudan) Judgment on the appeal of the Prosecutor against the “Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir” of 3 February 2010 No ICC-02/05-01/09-73.
39. ICC, The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (Situation in Darfur, Sudan) Second Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest of 12 July 2010 No ICC-02/05-01/09-94.
40. Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the Secretary-General adopted on 25 January 2005 (S/2005/60), pursuant to the Security Council resolution 1564 (2004) of 18 September 2004.
41. Resolution 1593 (2005) adopted by the Security Council at its 5158th meeting, on 31 March 2005 S/RES/1593 (2005).