Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Karaçay/Pazarcık Stele of Storm God

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 23, 123 - 134, 08.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2020.23.814553

Öz

The depiction of storm god on rock reliefs, orthostats and stelae was a very common feature of the Neo-Hittite city states. Similar stelae dating back to the Gurgum kingdom period within the boundaries of Kahramanmaraş province are exhibited today in both regional and local museums. In these stelae, the storm god is usually depicted as facing right, bearded, wearing a helmet, and holding an axe in his right hand with a trident thunderbolt in his left hand under a winged disc. In this study, the Karaçay stele exhibited in the Kahramanmaraş Museum was evaluated. In this context, a new dating is proposed by comparing the style and iconographic features of other similar stelae in the region and by considering the location of the stele

Kaynakça

  • Akurgal, E. (1962). The Art of the Hittites. Thames and Hudson: London.
  • Bonatz, D. (2000). Syro-Hittite Funerary Monuments: A Phenomenon of Tradition or Innovations?, In G. Bunnens (Ed.), Essays on Syria in the Iron Age (189-210). Louvain: Peeters.
  • Bunnens, G. (2006). A New Luwian Stele and The Cult of the Storm-God at Til Barsib-Masuwari. Louven - Paris – Dudley: Peeters.
  • Darga, A. M. (1992). Hitit Sanatı. İstanbul: Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Hizmetleri.
  • Dinçol, B.; Dinçol, A.; Hawkins, J. D.; Peker, H.; Öztan, A.; Çelik, Ö. (2015). Two new inscribed Storm-god stelae from Arsuz (İskenderun): ARSUZ 1 and 2, Anatolian Studies 65, 59-77.
  • Dodd, L. S. (2002). The Ancient Past in the Ancient Present: Cultural Identity in Gurgum during the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age Transition in North Syria. Unpublished PhD, University of California, Los Angeles.
  • Donbaz, V. (1990). Two Neo-Assyrian Stelae in the Antakya and Kahramanmaraş Museums, Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project 8, 5-24.
  • Ensert, H. Kübra; Görmüş A.; Kara, D. (2008). The Stele of Erzin, Adalya XI, 35-47.
  • Green, A. R. W. (2003). The Storm-God in the Ancient Near East, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (1970). Hieroglyphic Hittite Inscriptions of Commagene, Anatolian Studies 20, 69-110.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (2000a). Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Volume I, Inscription of the Iron Age, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (2000b). Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Volume I, Part 3 Plates, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Jacobs, B. and Messerschmidt, M. (1992). Eine (provinzial-)assyrische Stele für Jupiter Dolichenus (Archäologische Interpretation zu der Stele aus Maraş Epigr. Anat. 18 1991, s.109 ff.), Epigraphica Anatolica19, 105-114.
  • Kalaç, M. (1964). Eine Wettergottstele und drei Relief im Museum zu Maraş, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux", 18, 280-283, Pl. VII-X.
  • Kalaç, M. (1969). Die Wettergott-Stele mit Hieroglyphen aus Körkün, Athenaeum 47 (Fs Meriggi) 47, 160-167.
  • Köroğlu, K. (2018). Neo-Assyrian Rock Reliefs and Stelae in Anatolia, In Kemalettin Köroğlu and Selim Ferruh Adalı (Eds.), The Assyrians: Kingdom of the God Aššur from Tigris to Taurus (162-207). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kulakoğlu, F. (1999). Late-Hittite Sculptures from the Şanlıurfa Region, Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan XI, 167-181.
  • Luckenbill, D.D. (1989). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia I-II, London.
  • Orthmann, W. (1971). Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst, Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag.
  • Şahin, S. (1991). Forschungen in Kommagene I, Epigraphik, 5. Revision einer Votivstele aus Maraş, Epigraphica Anatolica 18, 99-113.
  • Schwemer, D. (2008). The Storm-Gods of The Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part II, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 8/1, 1-44.
  • Temizsoy, İlhan (1989). Gaziantep Museum. Ankara: Dönmez Ofset.
  • Singer, I. (1989). A New Stele of Hamiyatas, King of Masuwari, Tel Aviv 16/2, 184-192.
  • Tiryaki, S. G. (2010). Erken Demirçağ Gurgum (= Kahramanmaraş) Kabartmalı Mezar Taşları. Unpublished PhD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Thureau-Dangin, F.; Barrois, A.; Dossin, G.; Dunand, M. (1931). Arslan-Tash, Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
  • Ussishkin, D. (1971). Was Bit-Adini a Neo-Hittite or Aramaean state?, Orientalia 404/, 431-437.

Karaçay/Pazarcık Fırtına Tanrısı Steli

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 23, 123 - 134, 08.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2020.23.814553

Öz

Geç-Hitit Kent Devletleri’nin kurulu bulunduğu coğrafyada Fırtına Tanrısının betimlendiği kaya kabartmaları, orthostatlar ve stellerin yaygın olduğu bilinmektedir. Kahramanmaraş İli sınırları içerisinde yer alan Gurgum Krallığı Dönemi’ne tarihlenen benzer steller bugün hem bölge hem de yerel müzelerde sergilenmektedir. Bu stellerde Fırtına Tanrısı genellikle sağa bakan, sakallı, başlık takan, sol elinde trident şimşek ve sağ elinde balta ile kanatlı güneş kursunun altında tasvir edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş Müzesi’nde sergilenen Karaçay steli değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda bölgede bulunan diğer benzer stellerin üslup ve ikonografik özellikleri ile karşılaştırma yapılarak ve stelin bulunduğu lokalizasyon göz önünde bulundurularak yeni bir tarihlendirme önerilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akurgal, E. (1962). The Art of the Hittites. Thames and Hudson: London.
  • Bonatz, D. (2000). Syro-Hittite Funerary Monuments: A Phenomenon of Tradition or Innovations?, In G. Bunnens (Ed.), Essays on Syria in the Iron Age (189-210). Louvain: Peeters.
  • Bunnens, G. (2006). A New Luwian Stele and The Cult of the Storm-God at Til Barsib-Masuwari. Louven - Paris – Dudley: Peeters.
  • Darga, A. M. (1992). Hitit Sanatı. İstanbul: Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Hizmetleri.
  • Dinçol, B.; Dinçol, A.; Hawkins, J. D.; Peker, H.; Öztan, A.; Çelik, Ö. (2015). Two new inscribed Storm-god stelae from Arsuz (İskenderun): ARSUZ 1 and 2, Anatolian Studies 65, 59-77.
  • Dodd, L. S. (2002). The Ancient Past in the Ancient Present: Cultural Identity in Gurgum during the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age Transition in North Syria. Unpublished PhD, University of California, Los Angeles.
  • Donbaz, V. (1990). Two Neo-Assyrian Stelae in the Antakya and Kahramanmaraş Museums, Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project 8, 5-24.
  • Ensert, H. Kübra; Görmüş A.; Kara, D. (2008). The Stele of Erzin, Adalya XI, 35-47.
  • Green, A. R. W. (2003). The Storm-God in the Ancient Near East, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (1970). Hieroglyphic Hittite Inscriptions of Commagene, Anatolian Studies 20, 69-110.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (2000a). Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Volume I, Inscription of the Iron Age, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Hawkins, J. D. (2000b). Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Volume I, Part 3 Plates, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Jacobs, B. and Messerschmidt, M. (1992). Eine (provinzial-)assyrische Stele für Jupiter Dolichenus (Archäologische Interpretation zu der Stele aus Maraş Epigr. Anat. 18 1991, s.109 ff.), Epigraphica Anatolica19, 105-114.
  • Kalaç, M. (1964). Eine Wettergottstele und drei Relief im Museum zu Maraş, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux", 18, 280-283, Pl. VII-X.
  • Kalaç, M. (1969). Die Wettergott-Stele mit Hieroglyphen aus Körkün, Athenaeum 47 (Fs Meriggi) 47, 160-167.
  • Köroğlu, K. (2018). Neo-Assyrian Rock Reliefs and Stelae in Anatolia, In Kemalettin Köroğlu and Selim Ferruh Adalı (Eds.), The Assyrians: Kingdom of the God Aššur from Tigris to Taurus (162-207). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Kulakoğlu, F. (1999). Late-Hittite Sculptures from the Şanlıurfa Region, Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan XI, 167-181.
  • Luckenbill, D.D. (1989). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia I-II, London.
  • Orthmann, W. (1971). Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst, Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag.
  • Şahin, S. (1991). Forschungen in Kommagene I, Epigraphik, 5. Revision einer Votivstele aus Maraş, Epigraphica Anatolica 18, 99-113.
  • Schwemer, D. (2008). The Storm-Gods of The Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part II, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 8/1, 1-44.
  • Temizsoy, İlhan (1989). Gaziantep Museum. Ankara: Dönmez Ofset.
  • Singer, I. (1989). A New Stele of Hamiyatas, King of Masuwari, Tel Aviv 16/2, 184-192.
  • Tiryaki, S. G. (2010). Erken Demirçağ Gurgum (= Kahramanmaraş) Kabartmalı Mezar Taşları. Unpublished PhD, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Thureau-Dangin, F.; Barrois, A.; Dossin, G.; Dunand, M. (1931). Arslan-Tash, Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
  • Ussishkin, D. (1971). Was Bit-Adini a Neo-Hittite or Aramaean state?, Orientalia 404/, 431-437.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ali Cifci 0000-0002-1404-9820

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

APA Cifci, A. (2021). The Karaçay/Pazarcık Stele of Storm God. Anadolu Araştırmaları(23), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2020.23.814553

Since 1955

Anadolu Araştırmaları – Anatolian Research  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuanadoluhttps://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/journal/anar/home