Araştırma Makalesi
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-ḫi in The List of Sheep Presenter Names in Bastam

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 30, 167 - 178, 04.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.30.1426381

Öz

Urartian inscriptions from ca. 900 to 700 BC have been discovered in Iran, Armenia, Turkey, Iraq, and Nakhchivan. ḫi was used in the Urartian language in several cases, but as a suffix, it is challenging for translation as it forms patronymic, genitive, dative, adjective of appurtenance, and locative cases. There are several possibilities for its translation as “of,” “in,” and “from.” But ḫi could also be used to form the names of the cities or a noun or adjective. This suffix is usually used with the names of persons and geographical places or the root and is comparable to the suffix in Hurrian. A very rare example has been detected in a tablet from Bastam, which contains a list of sheep presenters or owners. The above list includes UDU 1-ḫi mX in four damaged lines, and the rest of the inscription is lost. The aim of the author is to detect the suffix function and translation. It seems that the persons were the owners of the sheep or the presenters who were not the owners. In this case, it can be translated as “of” or “from.” It is also possible that this list was a ration or blessing from the bone room to these people.

Kaynakça

  • Benedict, W. C. (1960). Urartians and Hurrians. JAOS 80, 100-104. google scholar
  • Belli, O. (1991). Inscribed metal objects. In R. Merhav (Ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991 (43-49). Jerusalem. google scholar
  • Biscione, R. (2012). Urartian fortifications in Iran: an attempt at a hierarchical classification. In H. Baker and K. Kaniuth and A. Otto (Eds.), Stories of long ago. Festschrift für Michael D. Roaf (77-88). Munich: Ugarit Verlag. google scholar
  • Dara, M. (2015). Urartian disc with the Urartian inscription in Tabriz Archaeology Museum (Disc-e mefraghi-e katibedar-e afsar-e asb-e urartuee dar muzeye bastanshenasi-e azarbayjan-e sharghi. Zabanshenakht 1, 61-78. google scholar
  • ----. (2017). Urartian cuneiform inscriptions from Iran (Katibehaye mikhiye urartouee az iran). Tehran: RICHT. google scholar
  • Fournet, A. (2011). About some features of loanwords in Hurrian. Aramazd 6/1, 43-59. google scholar
  • Haroutyounyan, N. V. (2001). Korpus Urartskich Klinoobraznych Nadpisej. Yerevan: Nacional’naja Akademija Nauk Respubliki Armenii, Institut Vostokovedenija. google scholar
  • Grekyan, Y. (2013-2014). When the gods leave people (The climatological hypothesis of the collapse of the Urartian State). Aramazd VIII/1-2, 57-94. google scholar
  • Kleiss, W. (1988). Bastam II: Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978. Teheraner Forschungen 5. Berlin. google scholar
  • -----(2008). urartu-in-iran. Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/urartu-in-iran. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (1984). Urartus Untergang in anderer Sicht. IstanbulerMitteilungen 34, 151-170. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (2011). Urartian cities in Iran. In K. Köroğlu and E. Konyar (Eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the east) (150-169). Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlan. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (2013). Notes on the post-Urartian horizon at Bastam. In O. Tekin and M. H. Sayar and E. Konyar (Eds.), Tarhan Armağani- M. Taner Tarhan’a sunulan makaleler (Esseys in honour ofM. Taner Tarhan) (247-250). Istanbul. google scholar
  • Melikisvili, G. A. (1971). Die urartaische Sprache. Rome: Biblical Institute. google scholar
  • Payne, M. (2006). Urartu çiviyazili belgeler kataloğu. Istanbul: Arkeloji ve sanat. google scholar
  • Salvini, M. (1979). Probleni di morfologia nominale in Urarteo, AION 1, 97-115. google scholar
  • ----. (1988). Die urartaischen Schriftdenkmaler aus Bastam (1977-1978). In W. Kleiss (Ed.), Hastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978, Vol. 2 (125-144). Berlin: Gebr. Mann. google scholar
  • ----. (2001). The inscriptions ofAyanis (Rusahinili eidurukai) cuneiform and hieroglyphic. In A. Çilingiroğlu and M. Salvini (Eds.), Ayanis I (251-319). Rome: CNR. google scholar
  • ----. (2008). Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. 1. Roma: CNR. google scholar
  • ----. (2012). Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. 4. Roma: CNR. google scholar
  • Salvini, M., Wegner, I. (2014). Einführung in die urartaische Sprache. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz. google scholar
  • Zimansky, P. (1979). Bones and bullae: An enigma from Bastam, Iran. Archaeology News November/ December, 53-55. google scholar
  • ----. (1988). MB2/OB5 Excavations and the problem of Urartian bone rooms. In W. Kleiss (Ed.), Hastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978, Vol. 2 (107-124), Berlin: Gebr. Mann. google scholar
  • ----(1995). Urartian material cultures as state assemblage: An anomaly in the archaeology of empire. Hulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 299/300, The archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia, Aug-Nov, 103-115. google scholar
  • Wilhelm, G. (2008a). Hurrian. In R. D. Woodard (Ed.). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the World’s ancient languages (95-118). Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University. google scholar
  • ----. (2008b). Urartian. In R. D. Woodard (Ed.). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the World’s ancient languages (119-137). Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University. google scholar
Yıl 2024, Sayı: 30, 167 - 178, 04.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.30.1426381

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Benedict, W. C. (1960). Urartians and Hurrians. JAOS 80, 100-104. google scholar
  • Belli, O. (1991). Inscribed metal objects. In R. Merhav (Ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991 (43-49). Jerusalem. google scholar
  • Biscione, R. (2012). Urartian fortifications in Iran: an attempt at a hierarchical classification. In H. Baker and K. Kaniuth and A. Otto (Eds.), Stories of long ago. Festschrift für Michael D. Roaf (77-88). Munich: Ugarit Verlag. google scholar
  • Dara, M. (2015). Urartian disc with the Urartian inscription in Tabriz Archaeology Museum (Disc-e mefraghi-e katibedar-e afsar-e asb-e urartuee dar muzeye bastanshenasi-e azarbayjan-e sharghi. Zabanshenakht 1, 61-78. google scholar
  • ----. (2017). Urartian cuneiform inscriptions from Iran (Katibehaye mikhiye urartouee az iran). Tehran: RICHT. google scholar
  • Fournet, A. (2011). About some features of loanwords in Hurrian. Aramazd 6/1, 43-59. google scholar
  • Haroutyounyan, N. V. (2001). Korpus Urartskich Klinoobraznych Nadpisej. Yerevan: Nacional’naja Akademija Nauk Respubliki Armenii, Institut Vostokovedenija. google scholar
  • Grekyan, Y. (2013-2014). When the gods leave people (The climatological hypothesis of the collapse of the Urartian State). Aramazd VIII/1-2, 57-94. google scholar
  • Kleiss, W. (1988). Bastam II: Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978. Teheraner Forschungen 5. Berlin. google scholar
  • -----(2008). urartu-in-iran. Retrieved from http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/urartu-in-iran. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (1984). Urartus Untergang in anderer Sicht. IstanbulerMitteilungen 34, 151-170. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (2011). Urartian cities in Iran. In K. Köroğlu and E. Konyar (Eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the east) (150-169). Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlan. google scholar
  • Kroll, S. (2013). Notes on the post-Urartian horizon at Bastam. In O. Tekin and M. H. Sayar and E. Konyar (Eds.), Tarhan Armağani- M. Taner Tarhan’a sunulan makaleler (Esseys in honour ofM. Taner Tarhan) (247-250). Istanbul. google scholar
  • Melikisvili, G. A. (1971). Die urartaische Sprache. Rome: Biblical Institute. google scholar
  • Payne, M. (2006). Urartu çiviyazili belgeler kataloğu. Istanbul: Arkeloji ve sanat. google scholar
  • Salvini, M. (1979). Probleni di morfologia nominale in Urarteo, AION 1, 97-115. google scholar
  • ----. (1988). Die urartaischen Schriftdenkmaler aus Bastam (1977-1978). In W. Kleiss (Ed.), Hastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978, Vol. 2 (125-144). Berlin: Gebr. Mann. google scholar
  • ----. (2001). The inscriptions ofAyanis (Rusahinili eidurukai) cuneiform and hieroglyphic. In A. Çilingiroğlu and M. Salvini (Eds.), Ayanis I (251-319). Rome: CNR. google scholar
  • ----. (2008). Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. 1. Roma: CNR. google scholar
  • ----. (2012). Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. 4. Roma: CNR. google scholar
  • Salvini, M., Wegner, I. (2014). Einführung in die urartaische Sprache. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz. google scholar
  • Zimansky, P. (1979). Bones and bullae: An enigma from Bastam, Iran. Archaeology News November/ December, 53-55. google scholar
  • ----. (1988). MB2/OB5 Excavations and the problem of Urartian bone rooms. In W. Kleiss (Ed.), Hastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartaischen Anlagen 1977-1978, Vol. 2 (107-124), Berlin: Gebr. Mann. google scholar
  • ----(1995). Urartian material cultures as state assemblage: An anomaly in the archaeology of empire. Hulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 299/300, The archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia, Aug-Nov, 103-115. google scholar
  • Wilhelm, G. (2008a). Hurrian. In R. D. Woodard (Ed.). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the World’s ancient languages (95-118). Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University. google scholar
  • ----. (2008b). Urartian. In R. D. Woodard (Ed.). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the World’s ancient languages (119-137). Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University. google scholar
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Avrupa, Akdeniz ve Levant Arkeolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Maryam Dara 0000-0003-2190-9638

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

APA Dara, M. (2024). -ḫi in The List of Sheep Presenter Names in Bastam. Anadolu Araştırmaları(30), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2024.30.1426381

Since 1955

Anadolu Araştırmaları – Anatolian Research  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuanadoluhttps://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/journal/anar/home