Otonom Araçların Kullanımından Doğan Cezaî Sorumluluk: Türk Hukuku Bakımından Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 173 - 195, 28.12.2018

Tuba Kelep Pekmez

Öz

Bu çalışma otonom araçlar olarak adlandırılan yapay zekâ içeren araçların kullanımından doğabilecek olası ceza hukuku problemlerinin Türk Ceza Hukuku çerçevesinde genel olarak değerlendirilmesi ve hukukumuzda daha önce ele alınmamış bir konuyu tartışmaya açma amacı taşımaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle otonom araçların neyi ifade ettiği ve hem çeşitli ülkeler hem de kuruluşlar tarafından yayınlanan ilke ve düzenlemeler çerçevesinde bunların kademeleri saptanmıştır. Daha sonra ise otonom araçların ceza hukuku sorumluluklarının olup olamayacağı tartışılarak Türk Ceza hukuku bakımından bunun mümkün olmayacağı kanaatine varılmış ve bu bağlamda sorumluluğu gündeme gelebilecek olan sürücüler ve kullanıcılar bakımından konu ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda otonom araç sürücü ve kullanıcılarının kasten veya taksirle işlenen suçlar bakımından ceza sorumluluklarının belirlenmesinin genel ilkelerden ayrılmayı gerektirip gerektirmeyeceği incelenmiştir. Kasten işlenen suçlar bakımından bir özellik saptanmazken, taksirli suçlar bakımından dikkat ve özen yükümlülüğüne ilişkin kurallar ile öngörülebilirlik kriterlerinin detaylı bir şekilde araştırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otonom araçlar, yapay zekâ, otonom araçlar ve ceza sorumluluğu

Criminal Responsibility Arising From Usage of Autonomos Vehicles: A General Review in the context of Turkish Penal Law

Öz

This paper aims to evaluate the probable penal law issues that may arise from the usage of autonomous vehicles with artificial intelligence features within the framework of Turkish Penal Law, and it also aims to open a debate on this issue, which has not been discussed before in the context of the Turkish legal system. First, considering the principles and regulations published by various countries and organizations, the meaning of what determines an autonomous vehicle and the autonomy levels of such vehicles was determined. Second, it has been argued whether autonomous vehicles themselves could bear criminal responsibility. It has been stated that this would not be possible in terms of Turkish criminal law principles. For this reason, the issue was dealt with in terms of the responsibility of drivers and users. In this context, in order to determine the criminal responsibility of drivers and users, the necessity of separating the general principles of criminal responsibility in terms of intentional or negligent offenses is investigated. Although no specific difference has been identified in terms of intentional offenses, the rules related to cautiousness and the criteria for foreseeability should be examined in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles and criminal responsibility

Kaynakça

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