Metabolik Sendromda Deneysel Hayvan Modelleri

Öz

Günümüz modem toplumlarında gittikçe artan sıklıkta görülen sağlık problemlerinden biri olan metabolik sendrom (MS); insülin direnci, obezite, dislipidemi ve hipertansiyon sorunlarının bir arada gelişmesiyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu hastalık tablosunun ortaya çıkışında genetik yatkınlığa ilaveten çevresel etmenler, hareketsiz yaşam tarzı ve sağlıksız beslenme de rol oynamaktadır. Metabolik sendrom gelişiminin sonucu olarak kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, yağlı karaciğer ve polikistik over sendromu gibi pek çok hastalık tablosu ortaya çıkabilmektedir. İnsan yaşamını ciddi olarak tehdit etmekte olan metabolik sendromun gelişimsel kökeni ve fizyolojik mekanizmasım aydınlatmaya yönelik olarak dünya genelinde geniş çapta araştırmalar yapılmakta ve bu amaçla deneysel hayvan modelleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Metabolik sendrom çalışmalarında fare, sıçan, Yeni Gine kobayı, hamster ve koyun en çok tercih edilen deneysel hayvan türleri arasındadır. Bu hayvan modelleri içerisinde genetik olarak obez/diyabetik olan ve/veya diyetle hastalığın indüklendiği obezite/diyabete yatkın modeller kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede metabolik sendrom ile ilgili genel bilgiye ilaveten, çalışmalarda sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan deneysel hayvan modelleri hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

1. Monteiro R and Azevedo I . Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators of Inflammation, doi:10.1155/2010/289645, 2010.
2. Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37(12):1595-1607.
3. Emanuela F, Grazia M, Marco DR et al. Inflammation as a link between obesity and metabolic syndrome. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012; doi:10.1155/2012/476380.
4. Demir D, Bucaktepe GE, Kara İH. Metabolik sendrom, Tip2 Diyabetes Mellitus ve sağlıklı bireylerin sosyodemografik, antropometrik ve biyokimyasal özellMerinin karçdaştınlrnası. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2010; 2(1):12-19.
5. Hekimoğlu A. Metabolik sendromda adiponektin. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2007; 4(2):61-68.
6. Cameron AJ, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence in worldwide populations. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2004; 33: 351-375
7. Özşahin AK, Gökçel A, Sezgin N, Akbaba M, Güvener N, Özışık L, Karademir BM. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Turkish adult population. Diyabetes Nutr. Metab. 2004; 17(4):230-234.
8. Islamoğlu Y, Koplay M, Sunay S, Açıkel M. Obezite ve metabolik sendrom. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi: 2008; 6(3): 168 -174.

9. Robinson K, Krueger P, Prins J, Vankatesh B. The metabolic syndrome in critically ill patients. Best Pract&Res. Clinical End.&Metab. 2011; 25:835-845
10. Wang Y, Zheng Y, Nishina PM and Naggert JK. A new mouse model of metabolic syndrome and associated Complications. Journal of Endocrinology 2009; 202:17-28.
11. Fulop T, Tessier D and Carpentier A. The metabolic syndrome, pathologie biologie 2006; 54:375-386
12. http://www.metsend.org/soru-ve-cevaplarla-metabolik- sendrom.php. Metabolik Sendrom Derneği (10 Nisan 2012).
13. Chiu FH, Chuang CH, Cheng L i W et al. The association of leptin and C-reactive protein with the cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome score in Taiwanese adults. Cardiovascular Diyabetology 2012; 11:40.
14. Caroline E Bertram and Mark A Hanson. Animal models and programming of the metabolic syndrome. British Medical Bulletin 2001; 60:103-121.
15. Panchal SK and Brown L. Rodent models for metabolic syndrome research. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, doi:10.1155/2011/351982, 2011.
16. Polotsky VY. Mouse model of the metabolic syndrome: the quest continues. J Appl Physiol 2007; 12:2088-2089.
17. Sharma K, McCue P, and Dunn SR. Diyabetic kidney disease in the db/db Mouse. AJP-Renal Physiol. 2003; 284:1138-1144.
18. Shafrir E and Ziv E. A useful list of spontaneously arising animal models of obesity and diyabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009;296:1450-1452.
19. Desrois M, Sidell RJ, Gauguier D, King LM, Radda GK, Clarke K. Initial steps of insulin signaling and glucose transport are defective in the type 2 diyabetic rat heart. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 61:288- 296.
20. Silva AP, Guimarâes DE, Mizurini DM, Maia IC, Ortiz-Costa S, Sardinha FL, do Carmo MG. Diyetary fatty acids early in life affect lipid metabolism and adiposity in young rats. Lipids. 2006;41(6):535-541.
21. Hariri N and Thibault L. High-fat diyet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutrition Research Reviews 2010; 23:270-299.
22. Akagiri S, Naito Y, and Yoshikawa T. Diyet and Metabolic Syndrome. J. Biol. Macromol. 2009; 9(2):39-48.
23. Ghibaudi L, Cook J, Farley C, van Heek M, Hwa JJ. Fat intake affects adiposity, comorbidity factors, and energy metabolism of sprague-dawley rats. Obes Res. 2002; 10(9): 956-63.
24. Bell RR, Spencer MJ and Sherriff JL. Voluntary exercise and monounsaturated canola oil reduce fat gain in mice fed Diyets high in fat. The Journal of Nutrition 1997;127(10):2006-2010.
25. Basciano H, Federico L, Adeli K. Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipi-demia. NutnMetab (Lond), doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-5,2005.
26. Valérie Rolland V, Roseau S, Fromentin G, Nicolaidis S, Tom D, and Even PC. Body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism in lean and obese Zucker rats fed soybean oil or butter. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 75:21-30.
27. Wang H, Len H. Storlien LH and Hunag XF. Effects of diyetary fat types on body fatness, leptin, and ARC leptin receptor, NPY, and AgRP mRNA expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282:1359-2002
28. Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Rushing PA, D'Alessio D and Tso P. A Controlled high-fat diyet induces an obese syndrome in rats. The Journal of Nutrition 2003; 133:1081-1087
29. Tucker LA and KanoMJ. Diyetary fat and body fat: a multivariate study of 205 adult females. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992; 56:616-622.
30. Miller A and Adeli K. Diyetary fructose and the metabolic syndrome. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2008; 24:204-209.?
31. Santos MP, Franca SA, Santos JT, Buzelle SL, Bertolini GL, Garôfalo MA, Kettelhut IC, Frasson D, Kawashita NH. A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diyet increases fatty acid uptake and reduces norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in rat retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. Lipids. 2012 ; 47(3):279- 289.
32. Even PC, Nadkarni NA, Chaumontet C, Azzout- Marniche D, Fromentin G, Tomé D. Identification of behavioral and metabolic factors predicting adiposity sensitivity to both high fat and high carbohydrate diyets in rats. Front Physiol. 2011; 2:96.
33. Noda K, Melhorn MI, Zandi S, Frimmel S et al. An animal model of spontaneous metabolic syndrome: Nile grass rat. 2010; 4:1-11