Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 25 - 34, 01.06.2017
Öz
Bitkiler insanlık tarihi boyunca tıbbi tedavide kullanılmışlardır. Günümüzde bitkisel
tedaviye olan ilgi tüm dünyada artmıştır. Bitkiler aynı zamanda sentetik ilaçlar için yol gösterici
bir kaynak olmuştur. Hastalıklarının başlıca sebepleri olan virüsler, canlının bağışıklık sistemini zayıflatarak
bir seri hastalıkları tetiklemekte ve önemli bazı hastalıklara sebep olmaktadır. Viral enfeksiyonlara
karşı halen etkili ilaçlar geliştirilemediği için bu hastalıklar önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak yer
almaktadır.
Günümüzde geliştirilen antiviral ilaçların etkileri sınırlıdır. Doğada mevcut bulunan bitki bileşenlerinin
yapısal çeşitliliği ve sayısal çokluğu göz önüne alındığında bitki dünyası yeni antiviral tedaviler
için umut verici bir kaynaktır.
Bu çalışmada HIV, HSV, HCV, HBV, VZV, RSV, MV, Dengue virüs, Coronavirüs, Coxsackievirus, Influenza
virüsü, Adenovirus, Enterovirus ve Rotavirus’lara karşı aktivite gösteren Phyllantus spp, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Andrographis paniculata, Aloe vera, Salvia officinalis, Clinacanthus nutans, Melissa officinalis
ve diğer antiviral etkili bitki türleri yer almaktadır. Bu bitkiler üzerinde yapılan klinik araştırmalarla, in
vivo ve in vitro çalışmaların sonuçları ışığında antiviral etkileri değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] . Başer HC. Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Sağlığımız, Fitomed, Sayı 2, 8-11 (2008) [2] . Del Prete A, Scalera A, Iadevaia MD, Miranda A, Zulli C, Gaeta L, Tuccillo C, Federico A, Loguercio C. Herbal Products: Benefits, Limits, and Applications in Chronic Liver Disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 837939. [3] . Sohail MN, Rasul F, Karim A, Kanwal U, Attitalla IH, 2011. Plant as a Source of Natural Antiviral Agents. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2011; 6: 1125-1152. [4]. Yamasaki K. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima Uni-versity, Japanese Pharmacopoeia (1970) Erişim tarihi: 26.07.2015 [5]. Demirezer Ö ve ark.; FFD Monografları Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler Kitabı [6]. Pushpa R, Nishant R, Navin K, Pankaj G. Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants an Overview, International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2013; 4 (6): 8-16. [7]. Uz A ve Yüzbaşıoğlu M, Arnebia Forssk. Türlerinin Kullanışları ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; Cilt 32, Sayı 1, 91-106. [8]. Konuklugil B ve Bahadır BÖ; Bitkisel Kaynaklı Anti-HIV Bileşikler, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg 2003; 32 (1) 55-92. [9]. Syed TA, Cheema KM, Ahmad SA, Unit AH. Aloe vera extract 0.5% in hydrophilic cream versus Aloe vera gel for the management of genital herpes in males. A placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venerology 1996; 7:294-295. [10]. Zandi K, Zadeh MA, Sartavi K, Rastian Z. Antiviral activity of Aloe vera against herpes simplex virus type 2: An in vitro study. Afr J Biotechnol 2007; 6:1770-1773. [11]. Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosler KH, Blomster RN. Inactivation of enveloped viruses by antraquinones extracted from plants, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 2463-2466. [12]. Abd Kadir SL, Yaakob H, Mohamed Zulkifli R. Potential anti-dengue medicinal plants: a review, J Nat Med 2013; 67: 677-689. [13]. Martin KW, Ernst E. Antiviral agents from plants and herbs: a systematic review, Antiviral Therapy 2013; 8, 77-90. [14]. Melchoir J, Palm S, Wikman G. Controlled clinical study of standardised Andrographis paniculata extract in common cold – a pilot trial. Phy-tomedicine 1996; 3, 315-318. [15]. Chiang LC,Ng LT, Liu LT, Shieh DE, Lin CC. Cytotoxicity and antihepatitis B virus activities of saikosaponins from Bupleurum species, Planta Medica 2003; 69 (8):705-709. [16]. Jassim SAA, Naji MA. Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95, 412-427. [17]. Mishra KP, Sharma N, Diwaker D, Ganju L, Singh SB. Plant Derived Antivirals: A Potential Source of Drug Development. J Virol Antivir Res 2013; 2:2. [18]. Kunsorn P, Ruangrungsi N, Lipipun V, Khanboon A, Rungsihirunrat K, Chaijaroenkul W. The identities and anti-herpes simplex virus activity of Clinacanthus nutans and Clinacanthus saimensis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3,4: 284-290. [19]. Aslam MS ve ark. A Review On Phytochemicial Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Clinacanthus nutans, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015; 7(2): 30-33. [20]. Charuwichitratana S, Wongrattanapasson N, Timpatanapong P, Bunjob M. Herpes zoster treatment with Clinacanthus nutans cream. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35: 665-666. [21]. Su X, Chen HM, Wang LH, Jiang CF, Liu JH, Zhao MQ, Ma XH, Zhao YC, Han DW. Clinical and laboratory observation on the effect of glycyrrhizin in acute and chronic hepatitis. J Tradit Chin Med 1984; 4:127-132. [22]. Arase Y, Ikeda K, Murashima N, Chayama K, Tsubota A, Koida I, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cancer 1997; 79:1494-1500. [23]. Tsubota A ve ark.; Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized controlled trial in 170 patients, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 11:1077-1083. [24]. Mori K. ve ark.; The present status in prophylaxis and treatment of HIV infected pa-tients with haemophilia in Japan, Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology 1989; 37:1200-1208. [25]. Fritz D ve ark, Herpes virus inhibitory substances from Hypericum connatum Lam., a plant used in southern Brazil to treat oral lesions Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007; 113: 517-520. [26]. Carson CF ve ark., Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2001; 48: 450-451. [27]. Wobling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis, Phytomedicine 1994; 1:25-31. [28]. Koytchev R ve ark., Balm mint extract (Lo- 701) for topical treatment of recurring Her-pes labialis. Phytomedicine 1999; 6: 225-230. [29]. Yapılcan MA; Nigella sativa L. Ve Fitoterapideki Önemi -Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı Fitoterapi Drogları Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Dönem Projesi T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağ-lık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 27 (2006) [30]. Thyagarajan SP ve ark.; Phyllanthus amarus and hepatitis B. Lancet 1990; 336: 949– 950. [31]. Wang MX ve ark.; Herbs of the genus Phyllanthus in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: observations with three preparations from different geographic sites. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 126, 350-352. [32]. Venkateswaran PS ve ark.; Effects of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and Woodchuck hepatitis viruses: in vitro and in vivo studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84, 274-278. [33]. Liu Q ve ark.; Anti-coxsackie virus B3 norsesquiterpenoids from the roots of Phyllant-hus emblica. J Nat Prod 7 2009; 2: 969-972. [34]. Cos P ve ark.; Plants and Plant Substances Aganist AIDS and Others Viral Diseases Ethnopharmacology – Vol. II [35]. Nakano M ve ark., Suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by Rhus javanica in guinea pigs. Antiviral Research 1999; 41: 153-154. [36]. Orhan DD ve Harvetioğlu A. Kuşburnu Bitkisinin Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri, Spatula DD., 2013; 3(1): 23-30. [37]. Saller R ve ark. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001; 8: 373-382. [38]. Javed T ve ark. In-vitro antiviral activity of Solanum nigrum against Hepatitis C Virus. Virology Journal 2011; 8: 26.
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 25 - 34, 01.06.2017
Öz
Plants have been used in medical therapy throughout human history. Recently, the interest in herbal
medicine has been widely growing worldwide. Plants have also been the source and guide for the development
of synthetic drugs. Viruses are among the main causes for human diseases, by weakening
the immune system, they trigger a number of diseases and cause significant disorders as well. Since
modern medicine has not succeeded yet in developing effective antiviral drugs, these kind of viral
diseases still remain a serious health problem. The efficiency of existing antiviral drugs is restricted.
Considering structural diversity and multiplicity of plant compounds found in nature, the plant kingdom
is a promising source for new antiviral therapy.
This study includes Phyllantus spp, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Andrographis paniculata, Aloe vera, Salvia
officinalis, Clinacanthus nutans, Melissa officinalis and other plant species that show antiviral
activity against HIV, HSV, HCV, HBV, VZV, RSV, MV, Dengue virus, Coronavirus, Coxsackievirus,
Influenza virus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus and Rotarivirus.
Antiviral activity was evaulated on the basis of clinical research and in vivo, in vitro studies carried
out on these plants.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] . Başer HC. Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Sağlığımız, Fitomed, Sayı 2, 8-11 (2008) [2] . Del Prete A, Scalera A, Iadevaia MD, Miranda A, Zulli C, Gaeta L, Tuccillo C, Federico A, Loguercio C. Herbal Products: Benefits, Limits, and Applications in Chronic Liver Disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 837939. [3] . Sohail MN, Rasul F, Karim A, Kanwal U, Attitalla IH, 2011. Plant as a Source of Natural Antiviral Agents. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2011; 6: 1125-1152. [4]. Yamasaki K. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima Uni-versity, Japanese Pharmacopoeia (1970) Erişim tarihi: 26.07.2015 [5]. Demirezer Ö ve ark.; FFD Monografları Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler Kitabı [6]. Pushpa R, Nishant R, Navin K, Pankaj G. Antiviral Potential of Medicinal Plants an Overview, International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2013; 4 (6): 8-16. [7]. Uz A ve Yüzbaşıoğlu M, Arnebia Forssk. Türlerinin Kullanışları ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; Cilt 32, Sayı 1, 91-106. [8]. Konuklugil B ve Bahadır BÖ; Bitkisel Kaynaklı Anti-HIV Bileşikler, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg 2003; 32 (1) 55-92. [9]. Syed TA, Cheema KM, Ahmad SA, Unit AH. Aloe vera extract 0.5% in hydrophilic cream versus Aloe vera gel for the management of genital herpes in males. A placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venerology 1996; 7:294-295. [10]. Zandi K, Zadeh MA, Sartavi K, Rastian Z. Antiviral activity of Aloe vera against herpes simplex virus type 2: An in vitro study. Afr J Biotechnol 2007; 6:1770-1773. [11]. Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosler KH, Blomster RN. Inactivation of enveloped viruses by antraquinones extracted from plants, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 2463-2466. [12]. Abd Kadir SL, Yaakob H, Mohamed Zulkifli R. Potential anti-dengue medicinal plants: a review, J Nat Med 2013; 67: 677-689. [13]. Martin KW, Ernst E. Antiviral agents from plants and herbs: a systematic review, Antiviral Therapy 2013; 8, 77-90. [14]. Melchoir J, Palm S, Wikman G. Controlled clinical study of standardised Andrographis paniculata extract in common cold – a pilot trial. Phy-tomedicine 1996; 3, 315-318. [15]. Chiang LC,Ng LT, Liu LT, Shieh DE, Lin CC. Cytotoxicity and antihepatitis B virus activities of saikosaponins from Bupleurum species, Planta Medica 2003; 69 (8):705-709. [16]. Jassim SAA, Naji MA. Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95, 412-427. [17]. Mishra KP, Sharma N, Diwaker D, Ganju L, Singh SB. Plant Derived Antivirals: A Potential Source of Drug Development. J Virol Antivir Res 2013; 2:2. [18]. Kunsorn P, Ruangrungsi N, Lipipun V, Khanboon A, Rungsihirunrat K, Chaijaroenkul W. The identities and anti-herpes simplex virus activity of Clinacanthus nutans and Clinacanthus saimensis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3,4: 284-290. [19]. Aslam MS ve ark. A Review On Phytochemicial Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Clinacanthus nutans, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015; 7(2): 30-33. [20]. Charuwichitratana S, Wongrattanapasson N, Timpatanapong P, Bunjob M. Herpes zoster treatment with Clinacanthus nutans cream. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35: 665-666. [21]. Su X, Chen HM, Wang LH, Jiang CF, Liu JH, Zhao MQ, Ma XH, Zhao YC, Han DW. Clinical and laboratory observation on the effect of glycyrrhizin in acute and chronic hepatitis. J Tradit Chin Med 1984; 4:127-132. [22]. Arase Y, Ikeda K, Murashima N, Chayama K, Tsubota A, Koida I, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cancer 1997; 79:1494-1500. [23]. Tsubota A ve ark.; Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a randomized controlled trial in 170 patients, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 11:1077-1083. [24]. Mori K. ve ark.; The present status in prophylaxis and treatment of HIV infected pa-tients with haemophilia in Japan, Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology 1989; 37:1200-1208. [25]. Fritz D ve ark, Herpes virus inhibitory substances from Hypericum connatum Lam., a plant used in southern Brazil to treat oral lesions Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007; 113: 517-520. [26]. Carson CF ve ark., Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2001; 48: 450-451. [27]. Wobling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis, Phytomedicine 1994; 1:25-31. [28]. Koytchev R ve ark., Balm mint extract (Lo- 701) for topical treatment of recurring Her-pes labialis. Phytomedicine 1999; 6: 225-230. [29]. Yapılcan MA; Nigella sativa L. Ve Fitoterapideki Önemi -Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı Fitoterapi Drogları Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Dönem Projesi T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağ-lık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 27 (2006) [30]. Thyagarajan SP ve ark.; Phyllanthus amarus and hepatitis B. Lancet 1990; 336: 949– 950. [31]. Wang MX ve ark.; Herbs of the genus Phyllanthus in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: observations with three preparations from different geographic sites. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 126, 350-352. [32]. Venkateswaran PS ve ark.; Effects of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and Woodchuck hepatitis viruses: in vitro and in vivo studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84, 274-278. [33]. Liu Q ve ark.; Anti-coxsackie virus B3 norsesquiterpenoids from the roots of Phyllant-hus emblica. J Nat Prod 7 2009; 2: 969-972. [34]. Cos P ve ark.; Plants and Plant Substances Aganist AIDS and Others Viral Diseases Ethnopharmacology – Vol. II [35]. Nakano M ve ark., Suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by Rhus javanica in guinea pigs. Antiviral Research 1999; 41: 153-154. [36]. Orhan DD ve Harvetioğlu A. Kuşburnu Bitkisinin Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri, Spatula DD., 2013; 3(1): 23-30. [37]. Saller R ve ark. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2001; 8: 373-382. [38]. Javed T ve ark. In-vitro antiviral activity of Solanum nigrum against Hepatitis C Virus. Virology Journal 2011; 8: 26.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makale |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13 |
