Solvation Methods Affect the Amount of Active Components in the Extract of Propolis as well as Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity in THP-1 Cells

Year 2023, Volume: 82 Issue: 2, 132 - 141, 21.12.2023

Burak Durmaz , Latife Merve Oktay , Hikmet Memmedov , Nur Selvi Günel , Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım , Eser Y. Sözmen

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1247199

Abstract

Objective: Propolis has been found to have various effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, according to studies. In this recent research, we discovered that reducing allergenic compounds in propolis through biotransformation using specific Lactobacillus plantarum strains enhanced its anti-inflammatory qualities. The study aimed to identify the extraction methods and solvents that had the most significant anti-inflammatory effects and assess how L. plantarum strains biotransformation of propolis affected these qualities in THP-1 cell line cultures.

Materials and Methods: Propolis samples were biotransformed with different concentrations (1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%) of several L. plantarum strains (ISLG-2, ATCC®8014, visbyvac) before extraction using various solvents (ethanol, polyethylene glycol-PEG, water) and ultrasound treatments (300 W/40 Hz for 5, 10, 15 min). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometry was used for phenolic analysis of the samples. ELISA test kits were employed to assess NF-kβ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ , COX-1 in the cell culture supernatant.

Results: Results showed that, except for NF-kβ, all cytokine levels decreased in four separate propolis samples. Caffeic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, quercetin, pelargonin, and naringenin were the key physiologically active components associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of propolis. The biotransformation process to reduce allergen compounds did not alter propolis’s anti-inflammatory properties.

Conclusion: In samples that were dissolved in water, dissolved in ethanol+biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, dissolved in water+biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, and dissolved in water+sonicated for 15 min and biotransformed with L. plantarum ATCC®8014, the maximum anti-inflammatory effect of propolis was assessed.

Keywords

LPS, inflammation, propolis, biotransformation, extraction

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)

Project Number

116Z223

Thanks

The authors greatly appreciated to Ege University Children Hospital Metabolism Laboratory for their technical assistance.

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