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“Kanın Son Damlasına Kadar”: I. Petro Döneminde Moskova Devleti’nin Erken Balkan İlerleyişi

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 28, 1 - 29, 31.12.2015

Öz

I. Petro’nun yönetim dönemi boyunca sonradan Rus İmparatorluğu olarak bilinen bir devlete dönüşmekte olan Moskof Çarlığı, 17. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren Balkan bölgesine gittikçe daha fazla ilgi duymaya başladı. Dönemin orijinal belge kaynaklarına dayalı bu çalışma, Moskovya’nın Balkan politikasının ilk adımlarının ne gibi koşullar içinde geliştiğine bakıp Çarlık hükümetinin Balkan hıristiyanlarını kendi tarafına çekmek için geliştirdiği ve uyguladığı stratejilere ışık tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Belgelerin analizi, Çar’ın tarafından bölgedeki çıkarlarının sağlanması için ortak Ortodoks dinini ile Balkan nüfusunun beslediği yaygın Moskova sempatizmini çok etkili ve en güvenilir bir araç olarak kullandığını söylemek mümkün kılmıştır. Dikkate değer ki, I. Petro döneminde Prut kıyılarındaki Çar’ın başarısızlığa uğramasına rağmen, Balkan Ortodoks halklarının ilk defa Moskova’nın stratejik savaş planlamasında doğrudan yer aldığı görünmektedir. Bir kez keşfedildiğinde, Balkan kartı sonraki iki yüzyıl boyunca Moskof Çarlığı/Rus İmparatorluğu tarafından kullanılmaya devam edilecekti.

Kaynakça

  • Istoricheskiie sviazi narodov SSSR i Rumynii v XV – nach. XVIII v. [Historical connections of the peoples of the USSR and Romania in 15-early 18th centuries] Moscow: Nauka 1970. In 3 Vols. Vol. 3.
  • Franz Miklosich and Josef Müller (eds), Acta et diplomata Graeca medii aevi sacra et profana. Vindobona: Carolus Gerold 1865. In 6 Vols. Vol. 3.
  • Pamiatniki diplomaticheskikh otnoshenii drevnei Rossii s derzhavami inostrannymi [The Records of the diplomatic relations of the ancient Russia with the foreign countries]. St. Petersburg: 2-e Otdeleniie Sobstvennoi E. I. V. Kantseliarii 1867. Vol. 8.
  • Pis’ma i bumagi imperatora Petra Velikogo [The letters and papers of the Emperor Peter the Great]. St. Petersburg-Petrograd, 1887-1918; MoscowLeningrad, 1946-1977. In 12 Vols. Vol. 1; Vol. 9, part 2; Vol. 11, part 1; Vol. 12, part 1.
  • Politicheskiie i kul’turniie otnosheniia Rossii s iugoslavianskimi ziemliami v XVIII v.: Dokumienty [Political and cultural relations of Russia with the South Slav lands in 18th century: Documents], Moscow: Nauka 1984.
  • Polnoie Sobraniie Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (PSZRI) Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire]. St. Petersburg: 2-e Otdeleniie Sobstvennoi E. I. V. Kantseliarii 1830. Series I, Vol. IV.
  • Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo Istoricheskogo Obshcehstva (SIRIO) [Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 1886. Vol. 50.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, Opisaniie Chernogo moria, Egeiskogo Arkhipelaga i Osmanskogo flota [A Description of the Black Sea, Aegean Archipelago and the Ottoman fleet], Moscow: Natalis 2006.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, “Puteshestviie stol’nika Petra Andreevicha Tolstago” Russkii Arkhiv, 1888, № 2, pp. 161-204, № 3 pp. 321-368, № 4 pp. 505-552, № 5 pp. 5-62, № 6 pp. 113-156, № 7 pp. 225-264, № 8, pp. 369-400.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, Puteshestviie stol’nika P. A. Tolstogo po Evrope 1697-1699. [The Travels of stol’nik P. A. Tolstoi in Europe 1697-1699], Moscow: Nauka 1992.
  • Sergei Beloborodov, “Deiatel’nost’ N. G. Spafariia-Milescu v Rossii (16781707)” [Activities of Nicolae Spafari Milescu in Russia (1678-18707]. Iezhegodnik Nauchno-issliedovatiel’skogo instituta russkoi kul’tury Ural’skogo gosudarstv’ennogo univiersitieta. 1995–1996. [Yearbook of the Research Institute of the Russian culture of the Ural State University. 1995-1996], Iekatierinburg: Izd-vo UrGU 1997.
  • Elena Belova, “Pravoslavnyie narody Avstriiskoi i Osmanskoi imperii v Prutskom pohode 1711 g.” [The Orthodox peoples of the Austrian and the Ottoman Empires in the Pruth campaign of 1711]. Voprosy istorii, 1993 (4): 149-152.
  • Sergei Bogoyavlenskii, “Iz russko-serbskih otnoshenii pri Petre Pervom” [From Russian-Serbian relations under Peter I]. Voprosy Istorii, 1946 (8-9): 19-41.
  • Nadezhda Chesnokova, Khristianskii Vostok i Rossiia. Politicheskoie i kul’turnoie vzaimodeistviie v seredine XVII veka. [The Christian East and Russia. Political and cultural contacts in the middle of the 17th century]. Moscow: Indrik 2011.
  • Jovan Dučić, Graf Sava Vladislavić - Raguzinskii. Serb-diplomat pri dvore Petra Velikogo I Yekateriny I. [Count Sava Vladislavić – Raguzinskii. A Serbian Diplomat at the court of Peter the Great and Catherine I]. St. Petersburg: Skifiya 2009.
  • Boris Floria (ed), Sviazi Rossii s narodami Balkanskogo poluostrova. Pervaia polovina XVII veka. [Russia’s connections with the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. First half of the XVII c.]. Moscow: Nauka 1990.
  • Boris Fonkich (ed.), Rossia i Khristianskii Vostok. Vypusk IV-V. [Russia and the Christian East. Issue IV-V]. Moscow: Yazyki slavianskoi kul’tury: Znak, 2014.
  • Vasilii Ermuratskii, Obscchestvienno-politicheskiie vzgliady Dmitriia Kantemira [The Socio-political views of Dimitrie Cantemir], Chișinău: Gos. Izd-vo Moldavii 1956.
  • Ekaterina Kniazhetskaia, “Sviazi Rossii s Dalmatsiei i Bokoi Kotorskoi pri Petre I” [Russia’s connections with Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska at the time of Peter I], Sovetskoe Slavianovedenie, no. 5 (September-October 1973): 46-59.
  • Aleksandr Kochubinskii, ‘Snosheniia Rossii pri Petre I s iuzhnymi slavianami i rumunami’ [Russia’s relations with the Southern Slavs and Romanians in times of Peter I]. Chteniia v Imperatorskom Obshchestve istorii i Drevnostei Rossiiskikh [Readings in the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities], Vol. 2, (1872): 1-98.
  • Iurii Kostiashov, Serby v Avstriiskoi monarkhii v XVIII veke.[The Serbs in the Austrian monarchy in the 18th century] (Kaliningrad: Kaliningradskii Universitet 1997.
  • Sredoje Lalić (ed.), Seoba Srba u Rusko carstvo polovinom 18. veka.[The Exodus of the Serbs to the Russian Empire in mid-18th century]. Novi Sad: Srpsko-ukrajinsko društvo 2005.
  • Inna Leshchilovskaia (ed.), Slavianskiie narody Iugo-Vostochnoi Yevropy i Rossiia v XVIII v. [The Slavic peoples of the South Eastern Europe and Russia in 18th century]. Moscow: Nauka 2003. Irina Makarova, Bolgarskii narod v XV-XVIII v.v. [Bulgarian people in XV-XVIII centuries], Moscow: KomKniga 2005.
  • Tatiana Matasova, Sofia Paleolog. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia 2016.
  • Nikolai Mokhov, Ocherki istorii moldavsko-russko-ukrainskikh sviazei [The sketches in history of the Moldavian-Ukrainian-Russian contacts] Chişinău: Ştiinţa 1961.
  • Liudmila Morozova, Znamenityie zhenshchiny Moskovskoi Rusi XV-XVI veka [Famous women of the Muscovite Rus’ of the XV-XVI century]. Moscow: Veche 2014.
  • Konstantin Nikiforov (ed.), Chernogortsy v Rossii [Montenegrins in Russia]. Moscow: Indrik 2011.
  • Tatiana Oparina, “Sibirskaia ssylka grecheskikh pereselentsev XVII v.: puti i sud’by” [The Deportation of Greek Settlers to Siberia in the 17th Century: Routes and Destinies]. Quaestio Rossica. 5, no 1 (2017): 171–197.
  • Tatiana Panova, Velikaia kniaginia Sofia Paleolog [Great Princess Sophia Paleologue]. Moscow: Moskovskii Kreml’ 2005.
  • Pavlo Rudiakov, Chernogortsy v Rossii i v Ukrainie (XVIII – nach. XIX v.). [Montenegrins in Russia and in Ukraine (18-early 19 c.)] In: Zbornik radova Međunarodnog naučnog skupa: Rossiia i Balkany v techeniie poslednikh 300 let – Rusija i Balkan tokom poslednja tri stoljeća. [Proceedings of the International Scholarly Conference: Russia and the Balkans over the last three centuries]. Moscow- Podgorica, 2012.
  • Lidiia Semenova, Kniazhestva Valakhiia i Moldaviia. Konets XIV- nachalo XIX v. (Ocherki vneshnepoliticheskoi istorii) [Principalities of Walachia and Moldavia in late XIV-early XIX centuries (the sketches of foreign policy history)], Moscow: Indrik 2006.
  • Sergei Solov’ev, Istoriia Rossii d drevneishikh vremen [History of Russia since earliest times]. St. Petersburg: Tov-vo «Obshchestvennaia pol’za» Publ., 1851—1879), Vol. 3.
  • Dmytro Ursu, ‘Tiurkologiia v Rumunii: mynule y siogodennia’ [Turkology in Romania: past and present]. Skhidnyi svit, Issue 1, (2011): 117-129.
  • Dicționare ale limbii române (Online Dictionary of the Romanian language). The entries: “stolnic” https://dexonline.ro/definitie/stolnic and “spătar” https:// dexonline.ro/definitie/spătar (accessed September 10, 2017).
  • Friedrich Brockhaus and Ilia Efron, (eds). Entsyklopedicheskii slovar’ Brockhausa i Efrona [The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary]. St. Petersburg, 1890-1907. In 86 Vols. Vol. XXXIII (65).
  • James R. Millar (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Russian History. N.Y.: Macmillan Reference, 2004. In 4 Vols. Vol.3.
  • Aleksandr Polovtsov (ed.), Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ [Russian Biographical Dictionary]. St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Moscow, 1896 - 1918. In 25 Vols. Vol. 7.
  • Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia [The Orthodox Encyclopaedia]. Moscow: Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia 2006. Vol. 14.

“UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 28, 1 - 29, 31.12.2015

Öz

The tsardom of Muscovy, which throughout the reign of Peter I had been transforming into what later came to be known as the Russian Empire, since late 17th century began to take an increasing interest in the Balkan region. Drawing upon the original documentary sources of the epoch, this article attempts to look at the circumstances of the early Balkan advances of Muscovy and to shed light on the strategies elaborated and applied by the tsarist government to win the Balkan Christians over to its side. The analysis of the documents allows the author to conclude that the common Orthodox religion and the widespread pro-Muscovite sympathies on the part of the Balkan population objectively served as the most reliable and effective tool for the tsar to promote his interests in the area. It is worthy of note that at the age of Peter I the Balkan Orthodox peoples, despite the eventual failure of the tsar on the banks of Prut, for the first time appear to be directly involved in the strategic war planning of the tsarist authorities. Once discovered, the Balkan card would be kept in the sleeve and used by the Muscovite/Russian state over the course of the next two centuries.

Kaynakça

  • Istoricheskiie sviazi narodov SSSR i Rumynii v XV – nach. XVIII v. [Historical connections of the peoples of the USSR and Romania in 15-early 18th centuries] Moscow: Nauka 1970. In 3 Vols. Vol. 3.
  • Franz Miklosich and Josef Müller (eds), Acta et diplomata Graeca medii aevi sacra et profana. Vindobona: Carolus Gerold 1865. In 6 Vols. Vol. 3.
  • Pamiatniki diplomaticheskikh otnoshenii drevnei Rossii s derzhavami inostrannymi [The Records of the diplomatic relations of the ancient Russia with the foreign countries]. St. Petersburg: 2-e Otdeleniie Sobstvennoi E. I. V. Kantseliarii 1867. Vol. 8.
  • Pis’ma i bumagi imperatora Petra Velikogo [The letters and papers of the Emperor Peter the Great]. St. Petersburg-Petrograd, 1887-1918; MoscowLeningrad, 1946-1977. In 12 Vols. Vol. 1; Vol. 9, part 2; Vol. 11, part 1; Vol. 12, part 1.
  • Politicheskiie i kul’turniie otnosheniia Rossii s iugoslavianskimi ziemliami v XVIII v.: Dokumienty [Political and cultural relations of Russia with the South Slav lands in 18th century: Documents], Moscow: Nauka 1984.
  • Polnoie Sobraniie Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (PSZRI) Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire]. St. Petersburg: 2-e Otdeleniie Sobstvennoi E. I. V. Kantseliarii 1830. Series I, Vol. IV.
  • Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo Istoricheskogo Obshcehstva (SIRIO) [Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 1886. Vol. 50.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, Opisaniie Chernogo moria, Egeiskogo Arkhipelaga i Osmanskogo flota [A Description of the Black Sea, Aegean Archipelago and the Ottoman fleet], Moscow: Natalis 2006.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, “Puteshestviie stol’nika Petra Andreevicha Tolstago” Russkii Arkhiv, 1888, № 2, pp. 161-204, № 3 pp. 321-368, № 4 pp. 505-552, № 5 pp. 5-62, № 6 pp. 113-156, № 7 pp. 225-264, № 8, pp. 369-400.
  • Piotr Tolstoi, Puteshestviie stol’nika P. A. Tolstogo po Evrope 1697-1699. [The Travels of stol’nik P. A. Tolstoi in Europe 1697-1699], Moscow: Nauka 1992.
  • Sergei Beloborodov, “Deiatel’nost’ N. G. Spafariia-Milescu v Rossii (16781707)” [Activities of Nicolae Spafari Milescu in Russia (1678-18707]. Iezhegodnik Nauchno-issliedovatiel’skogo instituta russkoi kul’tury Ural’skogo gosudarstv’ennogo univiersitieta. 1995–1996. [Yearbook of the Research Institute of the Russian culture of the Ural State University. 1995-1996], Iekatierinburg: Izd-vo UrGU 1997.
  • Elena Belova, “Pravoslavnyie narody Avstriiskoi i Osmanskoi imperii v Prutskom pohode 1711 g.” [The Orthodox peoples of the Austrian and the Ottoman Empires in the Pruth campaign of 1711]. Voprosy istorii, 1993 (4): 149-152.
  • Sergei Bogoyavlenskii, “Iz russko-serbskih otnoshenii pri Petre Pervom” [From Russian-Serbian relations under Peter I]. Voprosy Istorii, 1946 (8-9): 19-41.
  • Nadezhda Chesnokova, Khristianskii Vostok i Rossiia. Politicheskoie i kul’turnoie vzaimodeistviie v seredine XVII veka. [The Christian East and Russia. Political and cultural contacts in the middle of the 17th century]. Moscow: Indrik 2011.
  • Jovan Dučić, Graf Sava Vladislavić - Raguzinskii. Serb-diplomat pri dvore Petra Velikogo I Yekateriny I. [Count Sava Vladislavić – Raguzinskii. A Serbian Diplomat at the court of Peter the Great and Catherine I]. St. Petersburg: Skifiya 2009.
  • Boris Floria (ed), Sviazi Rossii s narodami Balkanskogo poluostrova. Pervaia polovina XVII veka. [Russia’s connections with the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. First half of the XVII c.]. Moscow: Nauka 1990.
  • Boris Fonkich (ed.), Rossia i Khristianskii Vostok. Vypusk IV-V. [Russia and the Christian East. Issue IV-V]. Moscow: Yazyki slavianskoi kul’tury: Znak, 2014.
  • Vasilii Ermuratskii, Obscchestvienno-politicheskiie vzgliady Dmitriia Kantemira [The Socio-political views of Dimitrie Cantemir], Chișinău: Gos. Izd-vo Moldavii 1956.
  • Ekaterina Kniazhetskaia, “Sviazi Rossii s Dalmatsiei i Bokoi Kotorskoi pri Petre I” [Russia’s connections with Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska at the time of Peter I], Sovetskoe Slavianovedenie, no. 5 (September-October 1973): 46-59.
  • Aleksandr Kochubinskii, ‘Snosheniia Rossii pri Petre I s iuzhnymi slavianami i rumunami’ [Russia’s relations with the Southern Slavs and Romanians in times of Peter I]. Chteniia v Imperatorskom Obshchestve istorii i Drevnostei Rossiiskikh [Readings in the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities], Vol. 2, (1872): 1-98.
  • Iurii Kostiashov, Serby v Avstriiskoi monarkhii v XVIII veke.[The Serbs in the Austrian monarchy in the 18th century] (Kaliningrad: Kaliningradskii Universitet 1997.
  • Sredoje Lalić (ed.), Seoba Srba u Rusko carstvo polovinom 18. veka.[The Exodus of the Serbs to the Russian Empire in mid-18th century]. Novi Sad: Srpsko-ukrajinsko društvo 2005.
  • Inna Leshchilovskaia (ed.), Slavianskiie narody Iugo-Vostochnoi Yevropy i Rossiia v XVIII v. [The Slavic peoples of the South Eastern Europe and Russia in 18th century]. Moscow: Nauka 2003. Irina Makarova, Bolgarskii narod v XV-XVIII v.v. [Bulgarian people in XV-XVIII centuries], Moscow: KomKniga 2005.
  • Tatiana Matasova, Sofia Paleolog. Moscow: Molodaia gvardia 2016.
  • Nikolai Mokhov, Ocherki istorii moldavsko-russko-ukrainskikh sviazei [The sketches in history of the Moldavian-Ukrainian-Russian contacts] Chişinău: Ştiinţa 1961.
  • Liudmila Morozova, Znamenityie zhenshchiny Moskovskoi Rusi XV-XVI veka [Famous women of the Muscovite Rus’ of the XV-XVI century]. Moscow: Veche 2014.
  • Konstantin Nikiforov (ed.), Chernogortsy v Rossii [Montenegrins in Russia]. Moscow: Indrik 2011.
  • Tatiana Oparina, “Sibirskaia ssylka grecheskikh pereselentsev XVII v.: puti i sud’by” [The Deportation of Greek Settlers to Siberia in the 17th Century: Routes and Destinies]. Quaestio Rossica. 5, no 1 (2017): 171–197.
  • Tatiana Panova, Velikaia kniaginia Sofia Paleolog [Great Princess Sophia Paleologue]. Moscow: Moskovskii Kreml’ 2005.
  • Pavlo Rudiakov, Chernogortsy v Rossii i v Ukrainie (XVIII – nach. XIX v.). [Montenegrins in Russia and in Ukraine (18-early 19 c.)] In: Zbornik radova Međunarodnog naučnog skupa: Rossiia i Balkany v techeniie poslednikh 300 let – Rusija i Balkan tokom poslednja tri stoljeća. [Proceedings of the International Scholarly Conference: Russia and the Balkans over the last three centuries]. Moscow- Podgorica, 2012.
  • Lidiia Semenova, Kniazhestva Valakhiia i Moldaviia. Konets XIV- nachalo XIX v. (Ocherki vneshnepoliticheskoi istorii) [Principalities of Walachia and Moldavia in late XIV-early XIX centuries (the sketches of foreign policy history)], Moscow: Indrik 2006.
  • Sergei Solov’ev, Istoriia Rossii d drevneishikh vremen [History of Russia since earliest times]. St. Petersburg: Tov-vo «Obshchestvennaia pol’za» Publ., 1851—1879), Vol. 3.
  • Dmytro Ursu, ‘Tiurkologiia v Rumunii: mynule y siogodennia’ [Turkology in Romania: past and present]. Skhidnyi svit, Issue 1, (2011): 117-129.
  • Dicționare ale limbii române (Online Dictionary of the Romanian language). The entries: “stolnic” https://dexonline.ro/definitie/stolnic and “spătar” https:// dexonline.ro/definitie/spătar (accessed September 10, 2017).
  • Friedrich Brockhaus and Ilia Efron, (eds). Entsyklopedicheskii slovar’ Brockhausa i Efrona [The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary]. St. Petersburg, 1890-1907. In 86 Vols. Vol. XXXIII (65).
  • James R. Millar (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Russian History. N.Y.: Macmillan Reference, 2004. In 4 Vols. Vol.3.
  • Aleksandr Polovtsov (ed.), Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ [Russian Biographical Dictionary]. St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Moscow, 1896 - 1918. In 25 Vols. Vol. 7.
  • Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia [The Orthodox Encyclopaedia]. Moscow: Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia 2006. Vol. 14.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Valeriy Morkva Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA Morkva, V. (2015). “UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi(28), 1-29.
AMA Morkva V. “UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2015;(28):1-29.
Chicago Morkva, Valeriy. “‘UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD’: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 28 (Aralık 2015): 1-29.
EndNote Morkva V (01 Aralık 2015) “UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 28 1–29.
IEEE V. Morkva, “‘UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD’: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I”, Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 28, ss. 1–29, Aralık 2015.
ISNAD Morkva, Valeriy. “‘UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD’: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 28 (Aralık 2015), 1-29.
JAMA Morkva V. “UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;:1–29.
MLA Morkva, Valeriy. “‘UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD’: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 28, 2015, ss. 1-29.
Vancouver Morkva V. “UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD”: THE EARLY BALKAN ADVANCES OF THE MUSCOVITE STATE AT THE AGE OF PETER I. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015(28):1-29.