The Northwestern European Frontier of the Ottoman State: The Steppe of Budjak in the Late 18th and the Early 19th Centuries

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 35, 59 - 72, 10.11.2021

Olena Baçınska

https://doi.org/10.26650/gaad.794259

Öz

In the last quarter of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century, the territory known as the Steppe of Budjak can be considered as the last European Steppe frontier of the Ottoman state. An important component of this frontier was the policy of active colonization and the involvement of workers from neighboring countries. Such a policy was successfully pursued by the Ottoman state. As a result, various social and ethnic groups settled on the border and influenced the relations between the Ottoman and the Russian Empires. Among these groups, one of the most important was the Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossacks, who created their own autonomous organization on the frontier – the Sich.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Frontier, Ottoman State, Steppe of Budjak, Danubian Zaporozhian Cossacks (Potkalı Kazakları), Nekrasov Don Cossacks, Russian Empire

Kaynakça

• Arkhiv Yugo-Zapadnoy Rossii, izdavayemyy Vremennoyu komissiyey dlya razbora drevnikh aktov, vysochayshe utverzhdennoy pri Kiyevskom voyennom, Podol’skom i Volynskom general-gubernatore, T.ІІІ: Akti pro gaydamakіv (1700-1768), Kyiv 1876.
• Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv (Tsentral’nyy derzhavnyy istorychnyy arkhiv Ukrayiny, m.Kyiv), f.59, spr. 2584; 4654.
• Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv (Tsentral’nyy derzhavnyy istorychnyy arkhiv Ukrayiny, m.Kyiv), f.245, spr.8, ch.1.
• Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv (Tsentral’nyy derzhavnyy istorychnyy arkhiv Ukrayiny, m.Kyiv), f.1820, spr. 6.
• Dokumente privind istoria Romaniei. Colectia eudoxiu de Hurmuzaki, Vol. 1: Raporte conculare Ruse (1770 – 1796), Bucureşti 1962.
• Foreign policy archives of the Russian Empire (Arkhiv vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Imperii (AVPRI)), f. 69, spr. 200; 246; 272.
• National Archives of the Republic of Moldova (Arhiva Naţională a Republicii Moldova), f.2, spr. 220.
• State archives of Odessa region (Derzharkhiv Odes’koyi oblasti), f.1, op. 218, spr.17 (1826).
• A.Tatarchevskiy, “Puteshestviye i deyatel’nost’ barona Totta v kachestve konsula v Krymu v 1767 g.”, Universitetskiye izvestiya, Kyiv 1873, № 10.
• Alper Başer, Bucak Tatarları (1550-1700), Afyonkarahisar: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi 2010.
• Alper Başer, I Numaralı Özi ve Silistre Ahkam Defterinde Eflak ve Boğdan (Records About the Wallachia and Moldovia in the First Ahkam Daftar of Özi Silistre) I.Uluslararasi sosyal Bilimler arastirmalari kongresi, Bildiriler, Denizli 2015.
• Alper Başer, "Osmanlı Devleti'ne Sıgınan Potkalı Kazaklarının İskânlarına ve Faaliyetlerine Dair Gözlemler (1775-1826)", Uluslararası Türkiye-Ukrayna İlişkileri Sempozyumu: Kazak Dönemi (1500-1800), Bildiriler, Çamlıca Yayınları, İstanbul 2015.
• Anatoliy Bachyns’kyy, “Dzherelo dlya vyvchennya istoriyi narodnoyi kolonizatsiyi Budzhats’koho stepu i ponyzzya Dunayu v kintsi XVIII – na pochatku XIX stolittya”, Naukovo-informatsiynyy byuleten’ Arkhivnoho upravlinnya URSR, Kyiv 1963, Vol. 4.
• Anatoliy Bachyns’kyy, “Edysanskye nohay v stepyakh Nyzhneho Pobuzh’ya”, Tezy dopovidey XV naukovoyi konferentsiyi Instytutu arkheolohiyi NAS URSR, Odesa 1972.
• Anatoliy Bachyns’kyy, Sich Zadunays’ka. 1775-1828 rr.: Ystoryko-dokumental’nyy narys”, Odesa 1994.
• Anatoliy Bachynskyy, Narodnaya kolonyzatsyya Prydunayskykh stepey v XVIII – nachale XIX vv.: Dys. ... kand. yst. nauk (Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine, Odessa 1969, s.134).
• Dmitro Kantemir, Istoricheskoye, geograficheskoye i politicheskoye opisaniye Moldavii s zhizn’yu sochinitelya, Moskva 1987. Elena Druzhinina, Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhiyskiy mir 1774 goda. (Ego podgotovka i zaklyucheniye), Moskva 1955.
• Evgeniy Chertan, “Novyye dannyye ob ustanovlenii gosudarstvennoy granitsy Rossii po Dunayu v 1813-1817 godakh”, Vekovaya druzhba, Kishinev 1961.
• Feridun M. Emecen, “Osmanski arhivni vidomosti pro region Akkerman-Bender-Ochakiv i Hodjabey. XVI st.” (Document’s of Osmanian Archives about the region of Akkerman-Bender-Ochakov andHodjabei. XVI century), Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna (The Transactions of Department of Cossack History in the South of Ukraine), Volume 13, Odessa 2018.
• Fillipp Brun, “Rumynskiye knyazhestva i Bessarabiya okolo poloviny XVIII v.”, Zapiski Bessarabskogo oblastnogo statisticheskogo komiteta, Kishinev 1868, T. 3.
• Ivan Kirtoage (Ion Chirtoagă,), Yug Dnestrovsko-Prutskogo mezhdurech’ya pod osmanskim vladychestvom (1484 – 1595), Kishinev: Shtiintsa 1992.
• Mixail Guboglu, “Turetskiy istochnik 1740 g. o Valakhii, Moldavii i Ukraine”, Vostochnyye istochniki po istorii narodov Yugo-Vostochnoy i Tsentral’noy Evropy, Moskva 1964.
• Mixail Meyyer, Osmanskaya imperiya v XVІІІ v. Cherty strukturnogo krizisa, Moskva 1991.
• Оlena Bachyns’ka, Kozatstvo v “pislyakozats’ku dobu” ukrayins’koyi istoriyi (kinets’ XVIII – XIX st.), Odesa 2009.
• Olena Bachyns’ka, “Prydunays’kyy kray – terytoriya vidnovlennya derzhavotvorchykh tradytsiy ukrayins’koho kozatstva naprykintsi XVIII–XIX st.”, Naukovi zapysky: Zb. prats’ molodykh vchenykh i aspirantiv, Kyiv 2001, T.6.
• Olexander Gurzhіy, Taras Chukhlіb, Get’mans’ka Ukraїna, Kyiv 1999 (Gurzhіy,Chukhlіb).
• Olexandr Sereda, Osmans’ko-ukrayins’ke stepove porubizhzhya v osmans’ko-turets’kykh dzherelakh XVIII st. [= XVIII. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Belgeleri Işığında Osmanlı-Ukrayna Bozkır Serhatti], Odesa 2015.
• Olexandr Sereda, Sylystrensko-Ochakovskyyat eyalet prez XVIII-nach. na XIX v: admynystratyvno-terytoryalno ustroystvo, selyshta y naselenye v Severnozapadnoto Prychernomorye, Sofiya 2009.
• Pavel Dmitriyev, Narodonaseleniye Moldavii: po materialam perepisey 1772–1773, 1774 i 1803 gg., Kishinev: Shtiintsa 1973.
• Svitlana Mohul’ova-Kayuk, “Zaporoz’ke kozatstvo i Velykyy Stepovyy kordon”, Istoriya: Dopovidi ta povidomlennya Chetvertoho Mizhnarodnoho konhresu ukrayinistiv, Odesa; Kyiv; L’viv 1999, Ch. 1.
• Valentin Zelenchuk, Naseleniye Bessarabii i Pridnestrov’ya v XIX v.: Etnicheskiye i sotsial’no-demograficheskiye protsessy, Kishinev: SHtiintsa 1979.
• Vladimir Kabuzan, Narodonaseleniye Bessarabskoy oblasti i Levoberezhnykh rayonov Pridnestrov’ya: konets XVIII – pervaya polovina XIX v., Kishinev: Shtiintsa 1974.
• Vladislav Grocul, “Bukharestskiy mir 1812 g. i formirovaniye novoy yugo-zapadnoy granitsy Rosii”, Formirovaniye territorii rossiyskogo gosudarstva. XVI - nachalo XX v. (granitsy i geopolitika), Moskva 2015: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/buharestskiy-mir-1812-g-i-formirovanie-novoy-yugo-zapadnoy-granitsy-rossii.
• Vladislav Grosul, “Formirovaniye russko-turetskoy granitsy po Bukharestskomu miru 1812 goda”, Formirovaniye granits Rossii s Turtsiyey i Iranom. XVIII - nachalo XX v., Moskva 1979.
• Volodymyr Holobuts’kyy, Zaporoz’ka Sich v ostanni chasy svoho isnuvannya.1734-1775, Kyiv: Vyd-vo ANURSR 1961.
• “Vsepoddaneyshiye doneseniya gr. Minikha. Ch. 1: Doneseniya 1736–1737 gg.”, Sbornik voyenno-istoricheskikh materialov; pod red. A. Z. Myshlayevskogo, S.Peterburg 1902, Vyp. XІІ.
• Vsepoddaneyshiye doneseniya gr. Minikha, Ch. 3: “Doneseniya 1739 goda i generalitetskiye rassuzhdeniya”, Sbornik voyenno-istoricheskikh materialov; pod red. A. Z. Myshlayevskogo, S.Peterburg 1903, Vyp. XІІІ.
• Yaroslav Dashkevych, “Ukrayina na mezhi mizh Skhodom i Zakhodom (XIV-XVIII st.)”, Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. Shevchenka. T.CCXXII: Pratsi istoryko - filosofs’koyi sektsiyi, Lviv 1991.