Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerin Aileleri ve Psikolojik Danışma: Bir Derleme Çalışması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 43 - 62, 21.04.2018

Ahmet Togay S. Sonay Güçray

Öz

Zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireyler; zihinsel işlevler, sosyal ve pratik uyum becerilerinde sürekli olarak sınırlılık yaşamaktadırlar. Ancak bu sınırlılıklar yalnızca zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireyleri değil onunla beraber ailelerini de etkilemektedir. Aileler, ev ve sosyal yaşamlarının birçok boyutuna yansıyan süreğen sorunlar ve stresli yaşam olayları ile karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu durum, ailelere yönelik psikolojik danışma ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu makalenin amacı zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin ailelerine yönelik yürütülmüş olan bireysel ve grupla psikolojik danışma çalışmalarını derlemek ve bu çalışmaların sonuçlarını incelemektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle, ailelerin yetersizliği öğrendiklerinde yaşadıkları ve gösterdikleri tepkiler açıklanmaktadır. Ardından, ailelerin çocuklarının yetersizliği nedeniyle yaşadığı ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik güçlüklere ve bu güçlüklere ilişkili olarak ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlara değinilmektedir. Sonrasında, ailelere yönelik yapılmış olan grupla ve bireysel psikolojik danışma çalışmaları üzerinde durulmakta ve çalışmaların sonuçları paylaşılarak genel bir sonuç ve öneriler sunulmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireyler, Aile, Psikolojik danışma

Families of Individuals with Intellectual Disability and Psychological Counseling: A Review Study

Öz

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have permanent limitations in mental functions, and social and adaptive skills. However, these limitations also affect their families, who face persistent problems and high stress that are reflected in many aspects of their homes and social lives. Families often require psychological counseling services. This article reviews the psychological counseling studies conducted on the families of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The group and individual studies focused on interventions to decrease stress, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and other common negative feelings among families, as well as improve psychological well-being, parental attitudes, and family structures. Results of the literature review indicate that most counseling studies led to significant differences after intervention when compared to pre-intervention. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Individuals with intellectual disability, Family, Psychological counseling

Kaynakça

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