Yıl 2005,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 125 - 136, 23.03.2012
Öz
17 Ağustos 1999'da 7.4 Rikter ölçeğinde bir deprem, Türkiye'de
yaklaşık 15.000 insanın ölümüne neden olmuştur. Bu depremin psikolojik
etkileri, 420 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde, Revize Edilmiş Olayın Etkileri
Ölçeği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin bu ölçeğe verdikleri
cevaplar, ölçeğin üç alt boyutu olan Zorlama (Intrusion), Sakınma
(Avoidance) ve Aşırı Uyarılma (Hyperarousal) açısından incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar öğrencilerin olaydan (deprem) aşırı etkilendiklerini göstermiştir.
Sonuçlar cinsiyet boyutunda karşılaştırıldığında, bayan öğrencilerin
erkeklere oranla daha çok semptom belirtisi ve daha çok travma sonrası
stres hastalığı belirtileri gösterdiklerini belirtmektedir. Bu da, kız
öğrencilerin depremden daha çok etkilendiği sonucunu doğurmaktadır.
Ayrıca, sonuçlar akademik anlamda yüksek başarılı öğrencilerin düşük
başarılılara oranla bu olaydan daha fazla etkilendiklerini göstermektedir.
Sonuçlar ilgili literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Deprem Etkisi Olayın Etkileri Ölçeği Üniversite Öğrencileri Travma Sonrası Stres Hastalığı
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostics and statistical manual of mental disorders, (4th ed., Rev.). Washington, DC : Author.
- Baloglu, M. (2003). The validity and reliability of the Impact of Events Scale Revised on a Turkish college student sample. Unpublished manuscript.
- Basoglu, M., Kilic, C., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2004). Prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder and major depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: Two epidemiological studies. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 133-141 .
- Basoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2002). Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 269-276.
- Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Carter, G. L., & Webster, R. A. (1992). Patterns of service utilisation following the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: Findings from phase 1 of the quake impact study. Australian Journal of Public Health, 16, 360-369.
- Dyregrov, A., Kuterovac, G., & Barath, A. (1996). Factor analysis of the impact of events scale with children in war. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 339-350.
- Goenjian, A. K., Najarian, L. M., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Manoukian, G., Tavosian, A., & Fairbanks, L. A. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder in elderly and younger adults after the 1998 earthquake in Armenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 895-901 .
- Horowitz, M. J., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. A. (1979). The Impact of Events Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychometric Medicine, 41, 209¬ 218.
- Kaltreider, N. B., Gracie, C., & LeBreck, D. (1992). The psychological impacts of the Bay Area earthquake on health professionals. Journal of American Medical Women's Association, 47, 21-24.
- Karanci, A. N., & Rustemli, A. (1995). Psychological consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake. Disasters, 19, 8-18 .
- Lima, B. R., Pai, S., Santacruz , H., & Lorano, J . (1991). Psychiatric disorders amon g poor victims following a major disaster: Armero , Colombia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 420-427 .
- Lima, B. R., Chavez , H., Samaniego , N., Pompei , M. S., Pai, S., Santacruz, H., et al. (1989). Disaster severity and emotional distur¬ bance: Implications for primary mental health care in developing countries. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 74-82 .
- Livanou, M., Basoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., & Kalender, D. (2002). Traumati c stress responses in treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 816-823.
- Lundin, T.,& Bodegard, M. (1993). The psychological impact of an earthquake on rescue workers: A follow-up study of the Swedish group of rescue workers in Armenia, 1988. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 129-139.
- Madakasira, S., & O'Brien, K. F. (1987). Acute posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 286-290.
- McDonald, A. S. (1997). Factor structure of the Impact of Events Scale in a nonclinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 3, 419-424.
- McMillen, J . C., North, C. S., & Smith, E. M. (2000). Wha t parts of PTS D are normal: Intrusion, avoidance or arousal? Data from the Northridge, California, Earthquake. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 57-75.
- Paton, D. (1990). Assessing the impact of disasters on helpers. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 3, 149-152.
- Phifer, J . F. (1990). Psychological distress and somati c symptom s after natural disaster: Differential vulnerability amon g older adults. Psychology and Aging, 5, 412-420.
- Scheier, G. E. (1959). To be or not to be a guinea pig: Preliminary data on anxiety and the volunteer for experiment. Psychological Reports, 5, 511¬ 518.
- Schwarzwald, J., Solomon, Z., Weisenberg, M. & Mikulinecer, M. (1987). Validation of the impact of event scale for psychological sequelae of combat. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 2, 251-256. Shaley, A., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., & Pitman,
- R. K. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 630¬ 637.
- Sharan, P., Chaudhary, G., Kavathekar, S. A., & Saxena, S. (1996). Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 556-558.
- Wang , X., Gau , L., Shinfuku, N., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., & Shen, Y. (2000). Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTS D in a randomly selected communit y sample in north China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1260-1266.
- Weiss , D. S., & Marmar, C. H. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-revised. In John Preston Wilson (Ed.). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. N e w York, NY, Guilford, Press.
- Zilberg, N. J., Weiss , D. S., & Horowitz, M. J . (1982). The Impact of Events Scale: A cross-validation study and som e empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 407-414.
Yıl 2005,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 125 - 136, 23.03.2012
Öz
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostics and statistical manual of mental disorders, (4th ed., Rev.). Washington, DC : Author.
- Baloglu, M. (2003). The validity and reliability of the Impact of Events Scale Revised on a Turkish college student sample. Unpublished manuscript.
- Basoglu, M., Kilic, C., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2004). Prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder and major depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: Two epidemiological studies. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 133-141 .
- Basoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2002). Traumatic stress responses in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 269-276.
- Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Carter, G. L., & Webster, R. A. (1992). Patterns of service utilisation following the 1989 Newcastle earthquake: Findings from phase 1 of the quake impact study. Australian Journal of Public Health, 16, 360-369.
- Dyregrov, A., Kuterovac, G., & Barath, A. (1996). Factor analysis of the impact of events scale with children in war. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 339-350.
- Goenjian, A. K., Najarian, L. M., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Manoukian, G., Tavosian, A., & Fairbanks, L. A. (2000). Posttraumatic stress disorder in elderly and younger adults after the 1998 earthquake in Armenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 895-901 .
- Horowitz, M. J., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. A. (1979). The Impact of Events Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychometric Medicine, 41, 209¬ 218.
- Kaltreider, N. B., Gracie, C., & LeBreck, D. (1992). The psychological impacts of the Bay Area earthquake on health professionals. Journal of American Medical Women's Association, 47, 21-24.
- Karanci, A. N., & Rustemli, A. (1995). Psychological consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake. Disasters, 19, 8-18 .
- Lima, B. R., Pai, S., Santacruz , H., & Lorano, J . (1991). Psychiatric disorders amon g poor victims following a major disaster: Armero , Colombia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 420-427 .
- Lima, B. R., Chavez , H., Samaniego , N., Pompei , M. S., Pai, S., Santacruz, H., et al. (1989). Disaster severity and emotional distur¬ bance: Implications for primary mental health care in developing countries. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 74-82 .
- Livanou, M., Basoglu, M., Salcioglu, E., & Kalender, D. (2002). Traumati c stress responses in treatment-seeking earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 816-823.
- Lundin, T.,& Bodegard, M. (1993). The psychological impact of an earthquake on rescue workers: A follow-up study of the Swedish group of rescue workers in Armenia, 1988. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 129-139.
- Madakasira, S., & O'Brien, K. F. (1987). Acute posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 286-290.
- McDonald, A. S. (1997). Factor structure of the Impact of Events Scale in a nonclinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 3, 419-424.
- McMillen, J . C., North, C. S., & Smith, E. M. (2000). Wha t parts of PTS D are normal: Intrusion, avoidance or arousal? Data from the Northridge, California, Earthquake. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 57-75.
- Paton, D. (1990). Assessing the impact of disasters on helpers. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 3, 149-152.
- Phifer, J . F. (1990). Psychological distress and somati c symptom s after natural disaster: Differential vulnerability amon g older adults. Psychology and Aging, 5, 412-420.
- Scheier, G. E. (1959). To be or not to be a guinea pig: Preliminary data on anxiety and the volunteer for experiment. Psychological Reports, 5, 511¬ 518.
- Schwarzwald, J., Solomon, Z., Weisenberg, M. & Mikulinecer, M. (1987). Validation of the impact of event scale for psychological sequelae of combat. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 2, 251-256. Shaley, A., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., & Pitman,
- R. K. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 630¬ 637.
- Sharan, P., Chaudhary, G., Kavathekar, S. A., & Saxena, S. (1996). Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 556-558.
- Wang , X., Gau , L., Shinfuku, N., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., & Shen, Y. (2000). Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTS D in a randomly selected communit y sample in north China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1260-1266.
- Weiss , D. S., & Marmar, C. H. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale-revised. In John Preston Wilson (Ed.). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. N e w York, NY, Guilford, Press.
- Zilberg, N. J., Weiss , D. S., & Horowitz, M. J . (1982). The Impact of Events Scale: A cross-validation study and som e empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 407-414.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Mart 2012 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2005 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2 |