Multilateral Trading System And Trade Policies: Is Proteting In Import An Easy Task?

Year 2015, Volume: 65 Issue: 2, 100 - 160, 01.12.2015

Hasan Parıltı

Abstract

The issue of protecting domestic industries against competition of foreign
industries is a major argument among trade policy debates. While main
argument concentrates on protecting against foreigners’ unfair practices, a lot of reasons can be put forward for protection under fair competition
as well. Textbooks, related with international economics and international
trade are full of protective policy measures and economic analysis of them.
Trade unions, employers’ unions, business NGOs and political parties still
believe in that protecting domestic industries is an easy policy choice; and
are exerting pressures on governments toward this direction. However,
the developments, such as the increase of mutual economic dependency
among countries, the internalization of production and supply chains and
ever increasing recognition by almost all trading nations of the discipline
of multilateral trading system since the beginning of the second half the
20th century, especially after 1980s, have made obsolete most of the policy
tools of the past and their rezoning. Laid the foundation in 1948 with the
enactment of the GATT and reinforced by the establishment of the WTO
in 1994, multilateral trading system has disciplined the protectionism to a
considerable extent. Protectionism in traditional sense is no more a trade
policy tool which can easily be used today.

  

Keywords

multilateral trading system, trade policies, protectionism, competition, customs tariffs, non tariff barriers

ÇOK TARAFLI TİCARET SİSTEMİ VE TİCARET POLİTİKALARI: İTHALATTA KORUMA KOLAY BİR İŞ Mİ?

Abstract

Ulusal sanayilerin yabancı rakipler karşısında korunması meselesi ti-
caret politikası tartışmalarının başata gelen konularındandır. Yabancıların
haksız rekabetine karşı koruma temel argüman olmakla birlikte, adil re-
kabet ortamında bile koruma konusunda çok sayıda gerekçe bulunabilir.
Uluslararası iktisat ve ticaretle ilgili ders kitapları uygulanabilecek koruma
politikaları ve bunların etkilerinin ekonomik analizleri ile doludur. İşçi ve
işveren sendikaları, sivil toplum kuruluşları ve siyasi partiler hala koruma-
nın kolay bir ticaret politikası olduğuna inanmakta ve bu konuda hükümet-
lere baskı yapmaktadırlar. Hâlbuki 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından, özellikle
de 1980’lerden itibaren uluslararası ticarette karşılıklı bağımlılığın artması,
üretim ve tedarik zincirinin uluslararasılaşması ve çok taraflı ticaret siste-
minin dünyada gittikçe yerleşmesi gibi gelişmeler, geleneksel anlamdaki
koruma gerekçeleri ve koruma araçlarının birçoğunu devreden çıkartmıştır.
Temelleri 1948’de GATT’ın yürüğe girmesi ile atılan ve 1994’te DTÖ’nün
kurulması ile sağlamlaşan çok taraflı ticaret sistemi, korumayı önemli
ölçüde disiplin altına almıştır. Günümüzde, geleneksel anlamdaki koruma-
cılık artık kolayca başvurulan bir ticaret politikası değildir. 

Keywords

çok taraflı ticaret sistemi, ticaret politikaları, rekabet, gümrük tarifeleri, tarife dışı önlemler, korumacılık

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