Derogation to Fundamental Rights in Time of Emergency

Öz

1. Problem. 2. Ordinary emergency. 3. Niccolo Macchiavelli: “Power must be maintained despite everything.” 4. Carl Schmitt: Sovereign is who decides on the exception 5. Nowadays valid old conception of emergency. 6. Rome: Constitutional dictatorship in time of emergency. 7. International emergency law standarts. 8. Some problems of incompatibility in Turkish emergency rules. 9. Anti-terrorism Legislation. 10. ECHR Case of Güler and Uğur vs. Turkey. 11. French Constitutional Council decision of Amadou. 12. Jurisdictional immunity of Emergency Decrees. 13. Emergency powers in normal time. 14. Could apply to ECHR or not? 15. Instead of conclusion, “what must be done”? 16. Constitutional Court’s comment on emergency. 17. Criticism of Constitutional Court. 18. Nurullah Efe and Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi Individual Application Decision (7.6.2017). 19. ECHR’s inadmissibility decision on Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) application. 20. Penal tribunals’ Backlash against Constitutional Court’s decisions. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emergency Law,Emergency Governance Modes,Constitutional Dictatorship,State of Emergency,Review of DecreeLaws

Temel Hakların Durdurulması

Öz

1. Sorun. 2. Olağanlaşan olağanüstü. 3. Niccolo Macchiavelli: iktidar her şeye rağmen sürdürülmelidir. 4. Carl Schmitt: Egemen, kural gibi istisnayı da belirleyendir. 5. Günümüzde de geçerli yerleşik olağanüstü hal anlayışı. 6. Roma: olağanüstü hallerde anayasal diktatörlük uygulaması… 7. Uluslararası insan hakları ölçüleri. 8. Bazı uyumsuzluk noktaları. 9. Terörle Mücadele Kanunu. 10. Güler ve Uğur. 11. Amadou kararı. 12. OHAL KHK yargı bağışıklığı. 13. Olağanüstü durum kavramı (ordinary emergency). 14. Gidilebilir v. Gidilemez. 15. Ne yapmalı? 16. ANYM’nin OHAL değerlendirmesi. 17. Gerekçeye karşı eleştiriler. 18. Nurullah Efe ve Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi BB Kararı (7.6.2017). 19. AİHM’nin Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) başvurusunu ret kararı. 20. ANYM’nin hak ihlali kararına karşı yerel mahkeme direnci. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olağanüstü Hukuk,Olağanüstü Yönetim Usulleri,Anayasal Diktatörlük,Olağanüstü Durum,OHAL KHK’larının Denetimi

Kaynakça

1. ANYM Başkanı Zühtü Aslan 25 Nisan 2017 günü, 55. Kuruluş Günü Konuşması
2. Akıllıoğlu, Tekin, Hangi Hukuka Giriş, Hukuk Üstdili İncelemesine Giriş, İkinci Baskı, Ankara İmaj Yayınevi, 2015.
3. Akıllıoğlu, Tekin, “Temel Hakların Durdurulması”, Bahri Savcı’ya Armağan, Ankara Mülkiyeliler Birliği Vakfı yay. 1988, s.54-68. (http://mulkiye.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/7.pdf) 14.4.2017.
4. Berlin, Isaiah, “The Question of Machiavelli” in The Prince Translated and Edited By Robert M. Adams, A Norton Critical Edition, New York/London, (288 p.), 2nd ed.1992/1997
5. Chabod, Federico, “Macchiavelli’s Method and Style”, The Prince, Norton Critical Edition, (Translated and Edited by Robert M. Adams, New York London, 2nd Edition, 1992/1997.
6. Greenberg, Mark, “Book Review: How To Explain Things With Force?”, (The Force of Law. By Frederick Schauer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2015. pp. xiv, 239) Harvard Law Review, Volume 129 · May 2016 · Number 7, pp 1932-1979.
7. Gross, Oren, (Ni) Aolain, Fionnuala, Law in Time of Crisis, Emergency Powers in Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press 2006.
8. Meier, Heinrich ,Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss, The Hidden Dialog, Including Strauss’s Notes on Schmitt’s Concept of the Political & Three Letters from Strauss to Schmitt, Translated by J.H. Lomax, Foreword by Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London, 1995.

9. Niccolò Macchiavelli, Discourses on Livy, Trans. Harwey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press 1996.
10. Rousseau, J.J. (Présentation de Henri Guillemin Du contrat social, Union Générale D’Editions, Paris 1973, (poche 439 p).
11. Reisman, Michael, “Editorial Comments: In Defense of World Public Order” (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law.
12. Derrida, Jacques, “Force of Law: Mystical Foundation of Authority” Cardozo Law Review, Volume 11, July/August 1990, Numbers 5-6. pp 919-1046. http://heinonline.org/HOL/ LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cdozo11&div=7&id=&page= (14.4.2017).
13. Dyzenhaus, David, “Schmitt v. Dicey: are states of emergency inside or outside the legal order?”, Cardozo Law Review, Volume 27 March 2006 Number 5, pp 2005-2040. http:// cardozolawreview.com/joomla1.5/content/27-5/dyzenhaus.website.pdf (14.4.2017).
14. Gözler, Kemal, “YSK’nın mühürsüz oy kararının bağlayıcılığı üzerine YSK’nın Kararına Karşı Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine, Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne veya Danıştay’a Başvurulabilir mi?” Türk Anayasa Hukuku Sitesi www.anayasa.gen.tr (21 Nisan 2017).
15. Hakimi, Monica, “North Korea and the Law on Anticipatory Self-Defense”, https://www.ejiltalk. org/category/pre-emptive-self-defence/ (14.4.2017).
16. Lewis, Anthony, “A Different World”, New York (NY) Times, Sept 12, 2001, p.A27. Tolley, Howard, “THRO, A Just War? (President Clinton Response to Kosovo)”, http://homepages. uc.edu/thro/Kosovo/JWMain.html (14.4.2017).
17. Yöney, Yüce, https://bianet.org/bianet/siyaset/185745-prof-kaboglu-aym-ye-de-aihm-e-degidilebilir (20.4.2017).
18. https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2017/apr/07/us-syria-response-donald-trump-assadpentagon-live 14.4.2017.
19. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?%20cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000695350 27 avril 2017.
20. https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/ accespar-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2017/2017-625-qpc/decision-n-2017-625-qpc-du-7avril-2017.148904.html 14.4.2017.
21. OSCE Türkiye 16 Nisan 2017 Referandum Raporu http://www.osce.org/tr/odihr/elections/ turkey/311736?download=true 24.4.2017.
22. http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/lesdecisions/ acces-par-date/ decisions-depuis-1959/2003/2003-469-dc/decision-n-2003-469-dcdu-26-mars-2003.857.html 14.4.2017.
23. http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/documentjsf?text=&docid=188481&pageIndex= 0&doclang= EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=195339ECLI:EU:T:2017:129
24. ORDER OF THE GENERAL COURT (First Chamber, Extended Composition) N.G. v. European Council 28 February 2017. Mauro Gatti The EU-Turkey Statement: A Treaty That Violates Democracy (Part 1 of 2) Published on April 18, 2016.
25. http://www.ejiltalk.org/the-eu-turkey-statement -a-treaty-that-violates-democracy-part-1-of-2/.
26. http://www.yenisafak.com/secim/cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-agite-tepki-ne-goruruz-nebiliriz 2645193 (17.4.2017).
27. http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art_15_ENG.pdf Guide on Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Derogation in time of emergency, Updated on 30 April 2017.
28. http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Derogation_TUR.pdf. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-179280%22]} Second Section Decision Application no. 48818/17 Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Against Turkey, 21.11.2017.
29. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-181591%22]} Case of Radomilja and Others v. Croatia, 20.03.2018.
30. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bozdagdan-aymnin-kararina-iliskin-yeni-aciklama-40708896 Hürriyet 13.1.2018.
31. http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2018/01/12/turquie-deux-journalistes-maintenusendetention-malgre-une-decision-de-la-cour-constitutionnelle_5240787_3210.html LE MONDE 12.01.2018.
32. “President Bush’s Address on Terrorism Before a Joint Meeting of Congress”, NY Times, Sept 21 2001.