Endüstri 4.0 ve Sürdürülebilirliğe Etkileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 84, 51 - 64, 06.07.2018

Kerem Toker

Öz

2013 yılında Alman Ulusal Bilim ve Mühendislik Akademisi tarafından yayınlanan Endüstri 4.0 bildirgesi ekonomideki dijital dönüşüme vurgu yapmaktadır. Fabrikaların dijitalleşmesi ile birlikte daha hızlı, esnek ve düşük maliyetli üretim yapılması planlanmaktadır. Bu sayede üretim gücünü Uzak Doğu ekonomilerine kaptıran Batı ekonomileri, Batı menşeili fabrikaların kendi ülkelerine dönüşünü sağlamayı, böylece rekabet avantajı elde etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Yaşanan bu gelişmelerin sürdürülebilirliğe doğrudan etkilerinin olması beklenmektedir. Üretimin yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile gerçekleştirilmesi, daha az enerji ve hammadde kullanılması, mavi ve orta kademe beyaz yaka çalışanların yerini robotların alması, ekonomi içerisindeki birçok işin ortadan kalkıp yerine farklı beceriler isteyen yeni işlerin gelmesi gibi konular sürdürülebilirlik alanında tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Endüstri 4.0 hakkında kısa bir bilgi verildikten sonra, literatürde ve iş dünyasında Endüstri 4.0’ın sürdürülebilirliğe etkisi hakkında yapılan tartışmalar sistematik olarak ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilirliğin çevre, toplum ve ekonomi boyutlarında yeni kavram ve konuların gündeme geldiği, bu kavram ve konuların araştırmacılar için yeni çalışma alanları yaratması beklenmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstriyel Devrim, Endüstri 4.0, Sürdürülebilirlik

Industry 4.0 Declaration and its Effects on Sustainability

Öz

The Industry 4.0 declaration, published by the German National Academy of Sciences and Engineering in 2013, emphasizes on the digitization of the economy. The digitization of factories is aimed to produce faster, more flexible, and more economical production. Western economies that have lost production to Far East economies aim to make Western factories expand in their own countries to gain competitive advantage. These developments are expected to have direct effects on sustainability. Issues such as the realization of production with renewable energy resources, utilization of less energy and raw materials, displacement of oily rags and white collar employees by robots, and emergence of the same kind of jobs in the economy instead of new ones demanding different skills have been opened to debate in the field of sustainability. In this paper, the effects of Industry 4.0 on sustainability in literature and in the business world are systematically addressed and evaluated. In this context, it is expected that new concepts and issues of sustainability will develop in the dimensions of environment, society, and economy; thus, create new fields of work for researchers. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0, Sustainability

Kaynakça

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