Kamu Harcamaları, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğundan Ampirik Kanıtlar

Öz

Bu çalışma kamu harcamaları, ekonomik büyüme ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu (BDT) olarak adlandırılan geçiş ekonomileri için incelemektedir. 1998-2019 döneminin analiz edildiği çalışmada, kamu harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme ve gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkileri bootstrap panel nedensellik testi ile belirlenmiştir. Bootstrap panel nedensellik testi sonuçları, Ermenistan, Belarus ve Kazakistan için kamu harcamalarından ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan Belarus ve Kazakistan’da kamu harcamalarından gelir eşitsizliğine, Kırgızistan’da ise gelir eşitsizliğinden kamu harcamalarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Moldova ve Rusya’da ise değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisi elde edilememiştir. Panel nedensellik testlerinden elde edilen bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, BDT üyesi ülkelerde kamu harcamalarının hem ekonomik büyüme hem de gelir eşitsizliği ile yakın ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Geçiş döneminde piyasa sisteminin tam olarak oturması için BDT üyesi ülkeler, devlet müdahalelerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ancak geçiş sürecindeki bu ülkelerde kamu harcama politikalarının uygulanması sırasında özel yatırımları dışlamayan ve piyasa ekonomisinin işleyişine zarar vermeyen politikaların uygulanmasına özen gösterilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kamu harcamaları
• ekonomik büyüme
• gelir eşitsizliği
• maliye politikası
• panel nedensellik analizi

Public Expenditures, Economic Growth and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States

Öz

This study has examined the causality relationship between public expenditures, economic growth and income inequality for transition economies called the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In the study, in which the 1998-2019 period was analyzed, the effects of public expenditures on economic growth and income inequality were determined with the bootstrap panel causality test. Bootstrap panel causality test results show that there is a one-way causality relationship from public expenditures to economic growth for Armenia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. On the other hand, a one-way causality relationship has been determined from public expenditures to income inequality in Belarus and Kazakhstan, and from income inequality to public expenditures in Kyrgyzstan. In Moldova and Russia, however, no causal relationship could be obtained between the variables. The overall evaluation of the findings obtained from the panel causality tests concluded that public expenditures in CIS member countries are closely related to both economic growth and income inequality. CIS member countries need state interventions in order for the market system to fully settle in transition period. However, implementing policies that do not exclude private investments and do not harm the functioning of the market economy should be elaborated during practicing public expenditure policies in these countries in transition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Public expenditures
• economic growth
• income inequality
• fiscal policy
• panel causality analysis

Kaynakça

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