Türkiye'de Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: 1988-2008 Dönemine Yeniden Bakış

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1980 sonrası piyasa liberalleşme döneminde Türkiye işgücü piyasasına işgücüne katılımın yapısal belirleyicilerindeki değişiklikleri kır-kent yerleşimi, cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitime göre ayrıştırarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İncelenen dönemin bir özelliği olarak, ekonomik krizlerin, evli kadınlar gibi bu etkilere karşı özellikle savunmasız gruplar üzerinde cesareti kırılmış bir işçi etkisine karşı ek bir işçi etkisi yaratma üzerindeki etkilerini de inceler. Bu makale, 1988 ve 2007 dönemlerine ait Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketinden elde edilen mikro verileri, tüm örneklemler için ve cinsiyete göre ayrıştırılmış gruplar için ayrı ayrı bir logit regresyon analizi aracılığıyla Türkiye işgücü piyasasındaki uzun vadeli işgücü arzı davranışını analiz etmek için kullanmaktadır. Ayrıca, 2000-2001 ve 2007- 2008 yılları için Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi mikro veri setlerini, ekonomik kriz yıllarında kocası işsiz olan evli kadınlar üzerinde artan ve cesareti kırılan işçi etkilerinin varlığını ve baskınlığını test etmek için kullanır. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma, evli olmanın ve hanede küçük çocuk sahibi olmanın, kadınların işgücüne katılımını erkeklerden farklı olarak azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak, ekonomik krizler, kocalarının işsizliği ile karşı karşıya kalan evli kadınların işgücü piyasasına katılma olasılığını artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ek çalışan etkisi
• Cesareti kırılmış çalışan etkisi
• Ekonomik krizler
• Kadınların işgücü arzı
• Kadınların işgücüne katılımı

Female Labor Force Participation in Turkiye: Revisiting the 1988-2008 Period

Öz

This study aims to investigate the changes in the structural determinants of labor force participation in the Turkish labor market for the post-1980 market liberalization period disaggregated by rural-urban location, gender, age, and education. As a characteristic of the period under investigation, it also examines the effects of the economic crises on producing an added worker effect versus a discouraged worker effect on particularly vulnerable groups to these effects, such as married women. This paper employs the microdata from the Household Labor Force Survey for the two periods 1988 and 2007 to analyze the long-term labor supply behavior in the Turkish labor market through a logit regression analysis for the whole samples and separately for groups disaggregated by gender. Additionally, it uses the Household Labor Force Survey microdata sets for 2000-2001 and 2007-2008 to test the existence and dominance of added versus discouraged worker effects on married women whose husbands were unemployed in the years of economic crises. As a result, this study finds that being married and having small children in the household decreases women’s labor force participation, unlike men. However, economic crises increase the possibility of labor market participation for married women facing husbands’ unemployment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Added worker effect
• Discouraged worker effect
• Economic crises
• Female labor supply
• Female labor force participation

Kaynakça

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