Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Uygulamaları: Rakamsal Verilerle Bir Analiz

Öz

Günümüzde ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınma açısından altyapı yatırımlarının önemi konusunda giderek artan bir fikir birliği bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kamu-özel işbirliği, altyapı yatırımlarını desteklemenin temel araçlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kamu-özel işbirliği uygulamaları, Türkiye’de de 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir çeşitli projelerin gerçekleştirilmesinde yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Kamu-özel işbirliği alanındaki küresel gelişmeler çerçevesinde dünyada ve Türkiye’de kamu-özel işbirliği uygulamalarını incelemek ve rakamsal verilerle analiz etmek amacıyla hazırlanan bu çalışmada, öncelikle kamu-özel işbirliğinin kavramsal çerçevesine değinilmiş, daha sonra artan altyapı yatırım ihtiyacı doğrultusunda dünyada ve Türkiye’deki kamu-özel işbirliği uygulamalarına ilişkin rakamsal veriler analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye’de kamu-özel işbirliği uygulamalarının diğer ülke örneklerine göre bazı hususlarda farklılaştığını ve mali risklerin yönetimi ve raporlanması ile mali şeffaflık başta olmak üzere kamu-özel işbirliği yönetişim çerçevesinin iyileştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, kamu-özel işbirliği projeleri kapsamında sağlanan koşullu yükümlülükler nedeniyle üstlenilen mali risklerin arttığına işaret etmektedir. Kamu-özel işbirliği alanında mali risklerin azaltılması ve mali şeffaflık sorunlarının çözümü için, koşullu yükümlülüklerin döviz yerine TL cinsinden verilmesi, uzun süreli garantilerden kaçınılması, Hazine dışındaki kamu-özel işbirliği projelerini uygulayan kurumlar tarafından verilen garantilere ilişkin bilgilerin kamuoyu ile şeffaf ve düzenli bir şekilde paylaşılması veya tüm garantilerin tek bir kurum çatısı altında toplanması, kaynakların etkin şekilde kullanılarak verimli yatırımlara dönüştürülmesi ve öncelikli sektörlere yönlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bunların başarılması durumunda, Türkiye’de kamu-özel işbirliğine ilişkin tartışmaların azalması, bu projelerin potansiyel katkılarından daha fazla faydalanılması ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik performansına olumlu katkılarının artması öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kamu-özel işbirliği
• Altyapı yatırımları
• Proje sayısı
• Yatırım tutarı
• Devlet garantileri

Public–Private Partnership Practices in the World and Türkiye: A Numerical Analysis

Öz

Nowadays, there is a growing consensus on the importance of infrastructure investments in terms of economic and social development. In this context, public-private partnerships are recognized as one of the most important instruments for supporting infrastructure investments. In Türkiye, public-private partnership practices have been utilized extensively in the execution of numerous projects for more than three decades. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze with numerical data the public-private partnership practices in the world and Türkiye within thecontext of global developments in the field of public-private partnership. First, the conceptual framework of publicprivate partnership was examined, and then numerical data on public-private partnership practices in the world andTürkiye were analyzed in light of the increasing infrastructure investment need. The study’s results show that Türkiye’spublic-private partnership practices differ from those of other countries, and that the public-private partnership governance framework, particularly the management and reporting of fiscal risks and fiscal transparency should be improved. Furthermore, the fiscal risks incurred due to contingent liabilities provided within the scope of publicprivate partnership projects have increased. To reduce fiscal risks and improve fiscal transparency in the field of publicprivate partnership, stakeholders must provide contingent liabilities in Turkish Lira rather than foreign currency and avoid long-term guarantees. Moreover, information on guarantees given by institutions that implement public-private partnership projects other than the Treasury should be shared with the public transparently and regularly. Alternatively,all guarantees should be gathered under a single institution and resources should be used effectively and converted into efficient investments and directed to priority sectors. If these objectives are met, it is anticipated that discussions on public-private partnerships in Türkiye will decrease, the potential contributions of these projects will be enhanced, and their positive contribution to Türkiye’s economic performance will increase.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Public-private partnership
• Infrastructure investments
• Number of projects
• Investment value
• Government guarantees

Kaynakça

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