Büyümede Yeni Yaklaşım Döngüsel Ekonomi: Seçili Ülkeler Üzerine Analiz

Öz

Döngüsel ekonomi, çevresel tahribatın azaltılması, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve kaynakların yenilenmesi amaçlarıyla ön plana çıkan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu model, atık oluşumunu en aza indirgemeyi hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, model üretilen ürünlerin kullanım ömrü sona erdiğinde doğaya geri kazandırılmasını sağlayarak etkin kaynak kullanımına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Döngüsel ekonomi politikalarının bu önemi göz önüne alındığında ülkeler için sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmada kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu motivasyonla çalışmada, ekonomik büyüme ile döngüsel ekonominin kişi başına malzeme ayak izi, geri dönüştürülebilir hammadde ticareti ve sera gazı emisyonları gibi alt bileşenleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Almanya, Fransa, İtalya, İspanya ve Hollanda ülkelerini kapsayan analizde, 2005-2021 yılları arasındaki yıllık veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sürecinde öncelikle modele ilişkin yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve homojenlik testleri yapılmış, ardından ikinci nesil birim kök testi ile değişkenlerin durağanlık özellikleri incelenmiştir. Değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olup olmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla Westerlund ECM eşbütünleşme testi gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuçlar bu ilişkinin varlığını göstermiştir. Son aşamada ise Granger nedensellik testi yapılmış; ekonomik büyüme ile kişi başına malzeme ayak izi ve geri dönüştürülebilir hammadde ticareti arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Ekonomik büyümenin aynı zamanda sera gazı emisyonları ile döngüsel ekonomi sektörlerine yapılan özel yatırımlar ve katma değer üzerinde belirleyici bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. JEL Classification : C23 , Q50 , Q51

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Döngüsel ekonomi
• ekonomik büyüme
• sürdürülebilir kalkınma
• panel veri analizi
• G20

A New Approach to the Growth Circular Economy: Analysis of Selected Countries

Öz

The circular economy is an approach that comes to the forefront to reduce environmental damage, realise sustainable development goals, and renew resources. This model aims to minimise waste generation. In addition, the model contributes to the efficient use of resources by ensuring that the products produced are recycled back to nature at the end of their useful life. Considering the importance of circular economy policies, they have a critical importance for countries in achieving sustainable development goals. With this motivation, this study analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the sub-components of the circular economy, such as the material footprint per capita, recyclable raw material trade, and greenhouse gas emissions. In the analysis covering the countries of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands, panel data analysis was applied using annual data between 2005 and 2021. In the analysis process, first, horizontal cross-section dependence and homogeneity tests were performed for the model, and then the stationarity properties of the variables were examined with the second-generation unit root test. To determine whether there is a long-term relationship between the variables, the Westerlund ECM co-integration test was performed, and the results showed the existence of this relationship. In the last stage, the Granger causality test was conducted. A bidirectional causality relationship was found between economic growth, the per capita material footprint, and the recyclable raw material trade. Economic growth also determines greenhouse gas emissions, private investments in the circular economy sectors, and value-added. JEL Classification : C23 , Q50 , Q51

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Circular economy
• economic growth
• sustainable development
• panel data analysis
• G20

Kaynakça

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