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Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse

Yıl 2020, , 21 - 50, 29.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR735604

Öz

The main research question of this paper is to assess Sierra Leone’s preparedness for adopting a fully-fledged or lite Inflation Targeting (IT) framework amid macroeconomic and structural bottlenecks experienced in the domestic economy. Several theoretical and empirical perspectives were reviewed to bring out cogent insights on the subject matter. With the use of the Unrestricted Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, relevant macroeconomic variables ranging from 2010Q2 to 2019Q4 were utilised to assess plausible outcomes, aided with some iterative shock impulses, variance decomposition, and historical decomposition, to explain the reaction of inflation to specific factors in Sierra Leone. The study outcome suggests that Sierra Leone as a supply-driven economy is inducing a high level of inflation on account of the pass-through effect of high prices to consumers in the domestic economy. This to a greater extent is undermining monetary policy management, which gives credence to the fact that authorities at the Bank of Sierra Leone should not switch to inflation targeting in the short and medium-term on the basis that monetary policy actions could instigate further price increases of goods and services, underpinned by weak real sector operations and a somewhat dollarized domestic market. At best, there is a need for BSL to continue its current policy methodology, while working in ensuring monetary policy actions are transparent and wel

Destekleyen Kurum

None.

Proje Numarası

N/A

Teşekkür

Appreciation will be provided upon successful review of the manuscript.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyu, S.U.R., & Englama, A. (2009). Is Nigeria ready for inflation targeting? MPRA. Retrieved from https://mpra. ub.uni-muenchen.de/14870/.
  • Akerlof, G.A., Perry, G.L., & Dickens, W.T. (1996). The macroeconomics of low inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1(1996), 1–59.
  • Angeriz, A., & Arestis, P. (2007). Assessing inflation targeting through intervention analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 60(2), 293–317.
  • Araújo E. L., de Araújo E. C., da Fonseca M. R., & da Silva P. P. (2020). Inflation targeting regime and the global financial cycle: An assessment for the Brazilian economy. PSL Quarterly Review, 73 (292), 27–49. DOI: 10.13133/2037- 3643_73.292_2.
  • Ball, L., & Sheridan, N. (2005), Does inflation targeting matter? In Bernanke, Ben S., and Michael Woodford (eds.), The Inflation-Targeting Debate, The University of Chicago Press, 249–276.
  • Ball, L. (2010). The performance of alternative monetary regimes, Handbook of Monetary Economics, 3(2010), 1303–1343.
  • Bangura, M., Caulker, E. & Pessima, S. (2012). Exchange rate pass-through to inflation in Sierra Leone: A structural vector autoregressive approach. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 12(1), 93–123.
  • Bangura, M., Denison-George, C., & Caulker, R. (2013). The impact of exchange rate dynamics on the trade balance in Sierra Leone: An ARDL Cointegration Approach. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 13(1), 64–88.
  • Bernanke, B. S. & F. S. Mishkin. (1997). “Inflation targeting: a new framework for monetary policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(2), 97–116.
  • Bernanke, Ben S., Thomas Laubach, Frederic S. Mishkin, & Adam S. Posen (1999). Inflation targeting: lessons from the international experience. USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Bleaney, M., Morozumi, A. & Mumuni, Z. (2020), Inflation targeting and monetary policy in Ghana, Journal of African Economies, 29(2), 121–145, DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejz021.
  • Brooks, C. (2008). Introductory econometrics for finance (6th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brownbridge, M., & Kasekende, L. (2018). Inflation targeting in Uganda: What lessons can we learn from five years of experience? In, Andrew Berg and Rafael Portillo (ed.). Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford Scholarship Online. Retrieve from doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0002.
  • BSL. (2019a). The Bank of Sierra Leone Act, 2019. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/Bank%20of%20Sierra%20 Leone%20Ascent%202019.pdf.
  • BSL. (2019b). The Bank Act of 2019. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/The%20%20Banking%20Act%202019.pdf.
  • BSL. (2017). Governor’s Annual Dinner Speech 2017. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/Gov%20Dr%20 Kaifala%20Marah%20Dinner%20Speech%20-%20Feb%202017.pdf.
  • BSL Act. (2011). The Bank of Sierra Leone Act, 2011. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/BSL_Act_2011.pdf.
  • Burbridge, J. & Harrison, A. (1985). A historical decomposition of the great depression to determine the role of money. Journal of Monetary Economics, 16(1), 45–54. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3932(85)90005-4.
  • Carare, A., Schaechter, A., Stone, M., & Zelmer, Z. (2002). Establishing initial conditions in support of ınflation targeting. IMF Working Papers, No: WP/02/102. Retrieve from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/doc/ IMF001/02082-9781451852622/02082-9781451852622/Other_formats/Source_PDF/02082-9781451898231. pdf?redirect=true.
  • Chaudhry, M.A., & Chaudhry, M.A.S. (2005). Why the State Bank of Pakistan should not adopt inflation targeting. Retrieve from http://www.sbp.org.pk/research/conf/Session_III_Aslam_Munir.pdf.
  • Debelle, G., Masson, P., & Savastano, M. (1998). Inflation Targeting as a Framework for Monetary Policy. Economic Issues No. 15. International Monetary Fund. Retrieve from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ issues/issues15/.
  • Fischer, S. (2000). Opening remarks by Stanley Fischer, IMF Institute’s High-Level Seminar on Implementing Inflation Targets. Retrieve from http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/ 2000/032000.htm.
  • Frankel, J. (2012). “The death of inflation targeting”, Retrieve from http://www.VoxEU. Org.
  • Gottshalk, J., & Moore, D. (2001). Implementing inflation targeting regimes: The case of Poland. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 24–39. Retrieve from DOI: 10.1006/jcec.2000.1699.
  • Heintz, J. & Ndikumana, L. (2011). Is there a case for formal inflation targeting in Sub-Saharan Africa? Journal of African Economies, 20(2), ii67-ii103. Doi: 10.1093/jae/ejq027.
  • Hammond, G. (2012). State of the art of inflation targeting – 2012. Handbook, No. 29. Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England. Retrieve from https://web.archive.org/web/20170811125823/http://www. bankofengland.co.uk/education/Documents/ccbs/handbooks/pdf/ccbshb29.pdf.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020a). Emerging innovative thoughts on globalization amidst the contagion of COVID-19. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A., Brandli L., Özuyar P., Ozuyar, P.G. (ed.) Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_131-1.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020b). Understanding SLL/US$ exchange rate dynamics in Sierra Leone using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA approach. MPRA Paper No. 97965.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020c). Importance of the public service in achieving the UN SDGs. In Walter L. Filho, et al. (ed.). Decent Work and Economic Growth: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Goal, Springer Nature Publisher. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_20-2
  • Jackson, E.A. (2018): comparison between static and dynamic forecast in autoregressive integrated moving average for seasonally adjusted headline consumer price index. revista economicã, 70(1), 53–65.
  • Jackson, E.A., & Jabbie, M. (2020). Twin deficits hypothesis as an indication of government failure in Sierra Leone: an empirical investigation (1980 – 2018), Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 7(1), 43–68. DOI: 10.266R658440.
  • Jackson, E.A., & Jabbie, M. (2019). Understanding market failure in the developing country. Context (Online First). In, Walter L. Filho (eds), Decent Work and Economic Growth: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Goals, Springer Nature Publisher. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_44-1.
  • Jackson, E.A. & Tamuke, E. (2018). Probability forecast using fan chart analysis: A case of the Sierra Leone economy. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 9(1), 34–44. DOI: 10.14505//jasf.v9.1(17).04.
  • Jackson, E.A., Jabbie, M., & Tamuke, E. (2019). Dynamic effect of inflation shocks in Sierra Leone: An empirical analysis. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 10(2), 73–91. DOI: 10.14505/jasf.v10.2(20).01.
  • Jackson, E.A., Sillah, A., & Tamuke, E. (2018). Modelling monthly headline consumer price index (HCPI) through Seasonal Box-Jenkins methodology. International Journal of Sciences, 7(1), 51–56. DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1507.
  • Jahan, S. (Online). Inflation Targeting: Holding the Line. Retrieve from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ fandd/basics/pdf/jahpan-inflation-targeting.pdf.
  • Kallon, K.M. (1994). An econometric analysis of inflation in Sierra Leone. Journal of African Economies, 3(2), 199–230. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a036804.
  • Kelikume, I., & Evans, O. (2015) Inflation targeting as a possible monetary framework for Nigeria. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 9(5), 71–81. Retrieve from https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2664755.
  • Lavally, M. & Nyambe, J.M. (2019). The effectiveness of transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Sierra Leone. Journal of Economics, Management, and Trade, 23(2), 1–13. Doi: 10.9734/JEMT/2019/v23i230128.
  • Mansaray M., & Swaray, S. (2012). Financial liberalization, monetary policy, and money demand in Sierra Leone. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 12(2), 62–90. Mishkin, F.S. (2001). Inflation targeting. Retrieve from https://notendur.hi.is/ajonsson/kennsla2013/01ENCYC.pdf.
  • Mishkin, F.S. (2000). Inflation targeting in emerging market countries. NBER Working Paper 7618. Retrieve from http://www.nber.org/papers/w7618. Mishkin, F.S., & Posen, A.S. (1997). “Inflation targeting: lessons from four countries”. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, August 1997: 9-110.
  • Roger, Scott (2009), Inflation targeting at 20: Achievements and challenges. IMF Working Paper WP/09/236.
  • Saleem, N. (2010). Adopting inflation targeting in Pakistan: An empirical analysis. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 15(2), 51–73.
  • Sims, C.A. (1986). Are forecasting models usable for policy analysis? Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 10(Win), 2–16.
  • Sims, C.A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48. DOI: 10.2307/1912017.
  • Svensson, L. E. 2010. Inflation targeting. Handbook of Monetary Economics, 3, 1237-1302.
  • Svensson, L. E. O. (2000). Open-economy inflation targeting. Journal of International Economics, 50(1), 155–183. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00078-6.
  • Svensson, L. E. O. (1999). Price Level Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting: A Free Lunch? Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 31, 277–95.
  • Tahir, P. (2004). Institutional arrangements for financial sector governance. SBP Research Bulletin, 2(1), 283-310.
  • Tamuke, E., Jackson, E.A., & Sillah, A. (2018). Forecasting inflation in Sierra Leone using ARIMA and ARIMAX: A comparative evaluation. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, 9(1(17)), 63–74.
  • Taylor, J.B. (2019). Inflation targeting in high inflation emerging economies: Lessons about rules and instruments. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 103–116. DOI: 10.1080/15140326.2019.1565396.
  • Taylor, J. B. 2007. Housing and Monetary Policy. NBER Working Paper, No. 13682.
  • Truman, Edwin M. (2003), inflation targeting in the world economy, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Warburton, C.E.S., & Jackson, E.A. (2020). Monetary policy responses to exogenous perturbations: The case of a small open economy (2007-2018). PSL Quarterly Review, 73(293), 181–201. DOI: 10.13133/20373643_73.293_5.
Yıl 2020, , 21 - 50, 29.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR735604

Öz

Proje Numarası

N/A

Kaynakça

  • Aliyu, S.U.R., & Englama, A. (2009). Is Nigeria ready for inflation targeting? MPRA. Retrieved from https://mpra. ub.uni-muenchen.de/14870/.
  • Akerlof, G.A., Perry, G.L., & Dickens, W.T. (1996). The macroeconomics of low inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1(1996), 1–59.
  • Angeriz, A., & Arestis, P. (2007). Assessing inflation targeting through intervention analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 60(2), 293–317.
  • Araújo E. L., de Araújo E. C., da Fonseca M. R., & da Silva P. P. (2020). Inflation targeting regime and the global financial cycle: An assessment for the Brazilian economy. PSL Quarterly Review, 73 (292), 27–49. DOI: 10.13133/2037- 3643_73.292_2.
  • Ball, L., & Sheridan, N. (2005), Does inflation targeting matter? In Bernanke, Ben S., and Michael Woodford (eds.), The Inflation-Targeting Debate, The University of Chicago Press, 249–276.
  • Ball, L. (2010). The performance of alternative monetary regimes, Handbook of Monetary Economics, 3(2010), 1303–1343.
  • Bangura, M., Caulker, E. & Pessima, S. (2012). Exchange rate pass-through to inflation in Sierra Leone: A structural vector autoregressive approach. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 12(1), 93–123.
  • Bangura, M., Denison-George, C., & Caulker, R. (2013). The impact of exchange rate dynamics on the trade balance in Sierra Leone: An ARDL Cointegration Approach. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 13(1), 64–88.
  • Bernanke, B. S. & F. S. Mishkin. (1997). “Inflation targeting: a new framework for monetary policy?” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(2), 97–116.
  • Bernanke, Ben S., Thomas Laubach, Frederic S. Mishkin, & Adam S. Posen (1999). Inflation targeting: lessons from the international experience. USA: Princeton University Press.
  • Bleaney, M., Morozumi, A. & Mumuni, Z. (2020), Inflation targeting and monetary policy in Ghana, Journal of African Economies, 29(2), 121–145, DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejz021.
  • Brooks, C. (2008). Introductory econometrics for finance (6th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brownbridge, M., & Kasekende, L. (2018). Inflation targeting in Uganda: What lessons can we learn from five years of experience? In, Andrew Berg and Rafael Portillo (ed.). Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford Scholarship Online. Retrieve from doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0002.
  • BSL. (2019a). The Bank of Sierra Leone Act, 2019. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/Bank%20of%20Sierra%20 Leone%20Ascent%202019.pdf.
  • BSL. (2019b). The Bank Act of 2019. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/The%20%20Banking%20Act%202019.pdf.
  • BSL. (2017). Governor’s Annual Dinner Speech 2017. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/Gov%20Dr%20 Kaifala%20Marah%20Dinner%20Speech%20-%20Feb%202017.pdf.
  • BSL Act. (2011). The Bank of Sierra Leone Act, 2011. Retrieve from http://www.bsl.gov.sl/BSL_Act_2011.pdf.
  • Burbridge, J. & Harrison, A. (1985). A historical decomposition of the great depression to determine the role of money. Journal of Monetary Economics, 16(1), 45–54. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3932(85)90005-4.
  • Carare, A., Schaechter, A., Stone, M., & Zelmer, Z. (2002). Establishing initial conditions in support of ınflation targeting. IMF Working Papers, No: WP/02/102. Retrieve from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/doc/ IMF001/02082-9781451852622/02082-9781451852622/Other_formats/Source_PDF/02082-9781451898231. pdf?redirect=true.
  • Chaudhry, M.A., & Chaudhry, M.A.S. (2005). Why the State Bank of Pakistan should not adopt inflation targeting. Retrieve from http://www.sbp.org.pk/research/conf/Session_III_Aslam_Munir.pdf.
  • Debelle, G., Masson, P., & Savastano, M. (1998). Inflation Targeting as a Framework for Monetary Policy. Economic Issues No. 15. International Monetary Fund. Retrieve from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ issues/issues15/.
  • Fischer, S. (2000). Opening remarks by Stanley Fischer, IMF Institute’s High-Level Seminar on Implementing Inflation Targets. Retrieve from http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/ 2000/032000.htm.
  • Frankel, J. (2012). “The death of inflation targeting”, Retrieve from http://www.VoxEU. Org.
  • Gottshalk, J., & Moore, D. (2001). Implementing inflation targeting regimes: The case of Poland. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 24–39. Retrieve from DOI: 10.1006/jcec.2000.1699.
  • Heintz, J. & Ndikumana, L. (2011). Is there a case for formal inflation targeting in Sub-Saharan Africa? Journal of African Economies, 20(2), ii67-ii103. Doi: 10.1093/jae/ejq027.
  • Hammond, G. (2012). State of the art of inflation targeting – 2012. Handbook, No. 29. Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England. Retrieve from https://web.archive.org/web/20170811125823/http://www. bankofengland.co.uk/education/Documents/ccbs/handbooks/pdf/ccbshb29.pdf.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020a). Emerging innovative thoughts on globalization amidst the contagion of COVID-19. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A., Brandli L., Özuyar P., Ozuyar, P.G. (ed.) Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_131-1.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020b). Understanding SLL/US$ exchange rate dynamics in Sierra Leone using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA approach. MPRA Paper No. 97965.
  • Jackson, E.A. (2020c). Importance of the public service in achieving the UN SDGs. In Walter L. Filho, et al. (ed.). Decent Work and Economic Growth: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Goal, Springer Nature Publisher. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_20-2
  • Jackson, E.A. (2018): comparison between static and dynamic forecast in autoregressive integrated moving average for seasonally adjusted headline consumer price index. revista economicã, 70(1), 53–65.
  • Jackson, E.A., & Jabbie, M. (2020). Twin deficits hypothesis as an indication of government failure in Sierra Leone: an empirical investigation (1980 – 2018), Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 7(1), 43–68. DOI: 10.266R658440.
  • Jackson, E.A., & Jabbie, M. (2019). Understanding market failure in the developing country. Context (Online First). In, Walter L. Filho (eds), Decent Work and Economic Growth: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development Goals, Springer Nature Publisher. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_44-1.
  • Jackson, E.A. & Tamuke, E. (2018). Probability forecast using fan chart analysis: A case of the Sierra Leone economy. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 9(1), 34–44. DOI: 10.14505//jasf.v9.1(17).04.
  • Jackson, E.A., Jabbie, M., & Tamuke, E. (2019). Dynamic effect of inflation shocks in Sierra Leone: An empirical analysis. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 10(2), 73–91. DOI: 10.14505/jasf.v10.2(20).01.
  • Jackson, E.A., Sillah, A., & Tamuke, E. (2018). Modelling monthly headline consumer price index (HCPI) through Seasonal Box-Jenkins methodology. International Journal of Sciences, 7(1), 51–56. DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1507.
  • Jahan, S. (Online). Inflation Targeting: Holding the Line. Retrieve from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ fandd/basics/pdf/jahpan-inflation-targeting.pdf.
  • Kallon, K.M. (1994). An econometric analysis of inflation in Sierra Leone. Journal of African Economies, 3(2), 199–230. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a036804.
  • Kelikume, I., & Evans, O. (2015) Inflation targeting as a possible monetary framework for Nigeria. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 9(5), 71–81. Retrieve from https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2664755.
  • Lavally, M. & Nyambe, J.M. (2019). The effectiveness of transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Sierra Leone. Journal of Economics, Management, and Trade, 23(2), 1–13. Doi: 10.9734/JEMT/2019/v23i230128.
  • Mansaray M., & Swaray, S. (2012). Financial liberalization, monetary policy, and money demand in Sierra Leone. Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration, 12(2), 62–90. Mishkin, F.S. (2001). Inflation targeting. Retrieve from https://notendur.hi.is/ajonsson/kennsla2013/01ENCYC.pdf.
  • Mishkin, F.S. (2000). Inflation targeting in emerging market countries. NBER Working Paper 7618. Retrieve from http://www.nber.org/papers/w7618. Mishkin, F.S., & Posen, A.S. (1997). “Inflation targeting: lessons from four countries”. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, August 1997: 9-110.
  • Roger, Scott (2009), Inflation targeting at 20: Achievements and challenges. IMF Working Paper WP/09/236.
  • Saleem, N. (2010). Adopting inflation targeting in Pakistan: An empirical analysis. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 15(2), 51–73.
  • Sims, C.A. (1986). Are forecasting models usable for policy analysis? Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 10(Win), 2–16.
  • Sims, C.A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48. DOI: 10.2307/1912017.
  • Svensson, L. E. 2010. Inflation targeting. Handbook of Monetary Economics, 3, 1237-1302.
  • Svensson, L. E. O. (2000). Open-economy inflation targeting. Journal of International Economics, 50(1), 155–183. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00078-6.
  • Svensson, L. E. O. (1999). Price Level Targeting vs. Inflation Targeting: A Free Lunch? Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 31, 277–95.
  • Tahir, P. (2004). Institutional arrangements for financial sector governance. SBP Research Bulletin, 2(1), 283-310.
  • Tamuke, E., Jackson, E.A., & Sillah, A. (2018). Forecasting inflation in Sierra Leone using ARIMA and ARIMAX: A comparative evaluation. Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields, 9(1(17)), 63–74.
  • Taylor, J.B. (2019). Inflation targeting in high inflation emerging economies: Lessons about rules and instruments. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(1), 103–116. DOI: 10.1080/15140326.2019.1565396.
  • Taylor, J. B. 2007. Housing and Monetary Policy. NBER Working Paper, No. 13682.
  • Truman, Edwin M. (2003), inflation targeting in the world economy, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Warburton, C.E.S., & Jackson, E.A. (2020). Monetary policy responses to exogenous perturbations: The case of a small open economy (2007-2018). PSL Quarterly Review, 73(293), 181–201. DOI: 10.13133/20373643_73.293_5.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emerson Jackson 0000-0002-2802-6152

Edmund Tamuke Bu kişi benim

Mohamed Jabbıe

Augustine Ngombu Bu kişi benim

Proje Numarası N/A
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Jackson, E., Tamuke, E., Jabbıe, M., Ngombu, A. (2020). Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 21-50. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR735604
AMA Jackson E, Tamuke E, Jabbıe M, Ngombu A. Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse. JEPR. Temmuz 2020;7(2):21-50. doi:10.26650/JEPR735604
Chicago Jackson, Emerson, Edmund Tamuke, Mohamed Jabbıe, ve Augustine Ngombu. “Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2020): 21-50. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR735604.
EndNote Jackson E, Tamuke E, Jabbıe M, Ngombu A (01 Temmuz 2020) Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 2 21–50.
IEEE E. Jackson, E. Tamuke, M. Jabbıe, ve A. Ngombu, “Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse”, JEPR, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 21–50, 2020, doi: 10.26650/JEPR735604.
ISNAD Jackson, Emerson vd. “Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (Temmuz 2020), 21-50. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR735604.
JAMA Jackson E, Tamuke E, Jabbıe M, Ngombu A. Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse. JEPR. 2020;7:21–50.
MLA Jackson, Emerson vd. “Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 21-50, doi:10.26650/JEPR735604.
Vancouver Jackson E, Tamuke E, Jabbıe M, Ngombu A. Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse. JEPR. 2020;7(2):21-50.