Araştırma Makalesi
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Reel faiz oranı ve gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 107 - 120, 31.07.2019

Öz

Sürekli artan gelir eşitsizliğinin faktörlerini netleştirmek, adaleti sağlamada etkin olmak açısından önemlidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan bu çalışma, 2003-2013 yılları arası gelişmekte olan 5 ülke ve 2005-2015 yılları arası gelişmiş 9 ülkeyi incelemektedir. Panel veri teknikleri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kişi başı yatırımın fiyat seviyesi gelir dağılımı değişkeninin bağımlı değişken olduğu durumda %5 düzeyinde anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Reel faiz oranı değişkeni ise gelir dağılımı değişkeni üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip değildir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde ise beşeri sermaye ve reel faiz oranı değişkeninin gelir dağılımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Beşeri sermayede meydana gelecek artış gelir dağılımı adaletini daha adaletli hale getirmekte iken reel faiz oranında meydana gelen artış gelir dağılımı adaletini bozmakta daha adaletsiz kılmaktadır.


Kaynakça

  • Aydın, M. (2016). Gelir dağılımındaki adaleti sağlamada zekat müessesesi ve gini katsayısı. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 57(2), 55-72.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analyses of panel data. Chichester: John Wiley.
  • Baltagi, B. H., & Li, Q. (1991). A joint test for serial correlation and random individual effects. Statistics and Probability Letters, 11(3), 277-280.
  • Battisti, M., Fioroni, T., & Lavezzi, A. M. (2014). World Interest Rates, Inequality and Growth: an empirical analyses of the Galor-Zeira Model. Paper presented at the Dipartimento di Economia e Management, University of Pisa.
  • Bayındır, S., & Şimşek, H. (2019). Geç dönem İslam fakihlerinin faiz yasağının kökeni ve sürekliliğine ilişkin görüşlerine analitik bir bakış. In M. Ustaoğlu & A. İncekara (Eds.), Faiz Meselesi - Tarihte Örnek Uygulamalar (pp. 233-244). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Berisha, E., Meszaros, J., & Olson, E. (2018). Income inequality, equities, household debt and interest rates: evidence from a century of data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 80, 1-14.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Brückner, M., Gerling, K., & Grüner, H. P. (2010). Wealth inequality and credit markets: evidence from three industrialized countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 15(2), 155-176.
  • Çetin, B. I., & Gün, M. (2013). Türkiye’de 2002-2009 yılları arasında gelir bileşenleri ve gelir eşitsizliğinin analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 1, 253-292.
  • Chapra, M. U. (2016). Islam and the economic challenge: The Islamic Foundation.
  • Charles-Coll, J. A. (2011). Understanding income inequality: concept, causes and measurement. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(3), 17-28.
  • Conard, J. W. (1959). An introduction to the theory of interest. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (1998). Ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde gelir eşitsizliği sorunu ve makroekonomik göstergeler. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 9(30), 41-59.
  • Diebold, F., & Yılmaz, K. (2012). Better to give than to receive: predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66. Dillard, D. (1957). The economics of John Maynard Keynes: The theory of monetary economy. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1971). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. Biometrika, 58(1), 1-19.
  • Ergin, F. (1981). Para ve faiz teorileri. İstanbul: İ.Ü. İktisat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Feenstra, R., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2015). The next generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69, 393-414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32, 675-701.
  • Galli, R., & Hoeven, R. v. d. (2001). Is inflation bad for income inequality: The importance of the initial rate of inflation. ILO Employment Paper, 29, 1-40.
  • Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income Distribution and Macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35-52.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lancastre, M. (2016, 2018). Inequality and real interest rates, Germany.
  • Maraşlı, O. (2016). Interest and social justice: the impact of real interest rate on income inequality. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1, 77-118.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • Philippon, T. (2015). Has the U.S. finance industry become less efficient? On the theory and measurement of financial intermediation. American Economic Review, 105(4), 1408- 1438.
  • Piketty, T. (2018). Yirmi birinci yüzyılda kapital. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Rousseau, J. J. (2016). İnsanlar Arasındaki Eşitsizliğin Kaynağı: Say Yayınları.
  • Siddiqi, M. N. (2002). The wisdom of prohibition of interest. Paper presented at the LaRiba, Los Angeles.
  • Şimşek, H., Bayındır, S., & Ustaoğlu, M. (2017). Dual banking systems’ dynamics and a brief development history of Islamic finance in select emerging Islamic economies. In M. Ustaoğlu & A. İncekara (Eds.), Balancing Islamic and Conventional banking for economic growth: empirical evidence from emerging economies (pp. 9-24). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Solt, F. (2016). The standardized World Income Inequality database. Social Science Quarterly, 97(5), 1267-1281.
  • Sugözü, İ. H., Erdoğan, S., & Ulaşan, E. (2017). The impacts of interest expenditure on income distribution and an application on the factors distorting income distribution: an empirical analyses for Turkey. Turkish Studies, 12(12), 231-250.
  • World Bank. (2019). World development indicators. Retrieved from: https://databank.worldbank.org/reports. aspx?source=2&series=FR.INR.RINR&country=

Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 107 - 120, 31.07.2019

Öz

Clarifying the factors for continually increasing income inequality is important to maintain fairness. This study, seeking to fulfil this objective, examines nine developed countries for the period of 2005-2015 and five developing countries for the period of 2003-2013. Utilizing panel data techniques, the study finds that where the price level of per capita investment is dependent variable of income distribution in developing countries, it exhibits a 5 pct-significance correlation. The real interest rate has no significant effect upon the income distribution variable. In developed countries, the human capital and real interest rate variable has a significant effect upon income distribution. Increase in human capital makes the income distribution fairer whereas increase in the real interest rate disrupts income equality.


Kaynakça

  • Aydın, M. (2016). Gelir dağılımındaki adaleti sağlamada zekat müessesesi ve gini katsayısı. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 57(2), 55-72.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analyses of panel data. Chichester: John Wiley.
  • Baltagi, B. H., & Li, Q. (1991). A joint test for serial correlation and random individual effects. Statistics and Probability Letters, 11(3), 277-280.
  • Battisti, M., Fioroni, T., & Lavezzi, A. M. (2014). World Interest Rates, Inequality and Growth: an empirical analyses of the Galor-Zeira Model. Paper presented at the Dipartimento di Economia e Management, University of Pisa.
  • Bayındır, S., & Şimşek, H. (2019). Geç dönem İslam fakihlerinin faiz yasağının kökeni ve sürekliliğine ilişkin görüşlerine analitik bir bakış. In M. Ustaoğlu & A. İncekara (Eds.), Faiz Meselesi - Tarihte Örnek Uygulamalar (pp. 233-244). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Berisha, E., Meszaros, J., & Olson, E. (2018). Income inequality, equities, household debt and interest rates: evidence from a century of data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 80, 1-14.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Brückner, M., Gerling, K., & Grüner, H. P. (2010). Wealth inequality and credit markets: evidence from three industrialized countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 15(2), 155-176.
  • Çetin, B. I., & Gün, M. (2013). Türkiye’de 2002-2009 yılları arasında gelir bileşenleri ve gelir eşitsizliğinin analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 1, 253-292.
  • Chapra, M. U. (2016). Islam and the economic challenge: The Islamic Foundation.
  • Charles-Coll, J. A. (2011). Understanding income inequality: concept, causes and measurement. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(3), 17-28.
  • Conard, J. W. (1959). An introduction to the theory of interest. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Dağdemir, Ö. (1998). Ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde gelir eşitsizliği sorunu ve makroekonomik göstergeler. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 9(30), 41-59.
  • Diebold, F., & Yılmaz, K. (2012). Better to give than to receive: predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66. Dillard, D. (1957). The economics of John Maynard Keynes: The theory of monetary economy. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1971). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. Biometrika, 58(1), 1-19.
  • Ergin, F. (1981). Para ve faiz teorileri. İstanbul: İ.Ü. İktisat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Feenstra, R., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. (2015). The next generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69, 393-414.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32, 675-701.
  • Galli, R., & Hoeven, R. v. d. (2001). Is inflation bad for income inequality: The importance of the initial rate of inflation. ILO Employment Paper, 29, 1-40.
  • Galor, O., & Zeira, J. (1993). Income Distribution and Macroeconomics. The Review of Economic Studies, 60(1), 35-52.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lancastre, M. (2016, 2018). Inequality and real interest rates, Germany.
  • Maraşlı, O. (2016). Interest and social justice: the impact of real interest rate on income inequality. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 1, 77-118.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • Philippon, T. (2015). Has the U.S. finance industry become less efficient? On the theory and measurement of financial intermediation. American Economic Review, 105(4), 1408- 1438.
  • Piketty, T. (2018). Yirmi birinci yüzyılda kapital. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • Rousseau, J. J. (2016). İnsanlar Arasındaki Eşitsizliğin Kaynağı: Say Yayınları.
  • Siddiqi, M. N. (2002). The wisdom of prohibition of interest. Paper presented at the LaRiba, Los Angeles.
  • Şimşek, H., Bayındır, S., & Ustaoğlu, M. (2017). Dual banking systems’ dynamics and a brief development history of Islamic finance in select emerging Islamic economies. In M. Ustaoğlu & A. İncekara (Eds.), Balancing Islamic and Conventional banking for economic growth: empirical evidence from emerging economies (pp. 9-24). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Solt, F. (2016). The standardized World Income Inequality database. Social Science Quarterly, 97(5), 1267-1281.
  • Sugözü, İ. H., Erdoğan, S., & Ulaşan, E. (2017). The impacts of interest expenditure on income distribution and an application on the factors distorting income distribution: an empirical analyses for Turkey. Turkish Studies, 12(12), 231-250.
  • World Bank. (2019). World development indicators. Retrieved from: https://databank.worldbank.org/reports. aspx?source=2&series=FR.INR.RINR&country=
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammet Sait Bozik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozik, M. S. (2019). Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 107-120.
AMA Bozik MS. Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality. JEPR. Temmuz 2019;6(2):107-120.
Chicago Bozik, Muhammet Sait. “Real Interest Rate and Its Effect on Income Inequality”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2019): 107-20.
EndNote Bozik MS (01 Temmuz 2019) Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 2 107–120.
IEEE M. S. Bozik, “Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality”, JEPR, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 107–120, 2019.
ISNAD Bozik, Muhammet Sait. “Real Interest Rate and Its Effect on Income Inequality”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2 (Temmuz 2019), 107-120.
JAMA Bozik MS. Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality. JEPR. 2019;6:107–120.
MLA Bozik, Muhammet Sait. “Real Interest Rate and Its Effect on Income Inequality”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 107-20.
Vancouver Bozik MS. Real interest rate and its effect on income inequality. JEPR. 2019;6(2):107-20.