Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 303 - 316, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR936908

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arbia, G., & Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Spatial econometrics: Methods and applications. Springer Science & Business Media. google scholar
  • Baffes, J. (1997). Explaining stationary variables with non-stationary regressors. Applied Economics Letters, 4(1), 69-75. google scholar
  • Breitung, J. (2000) The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161-177. google scholar
  • Bowen, W.G. & Finegan T.A. (1969). The economics of labour force participation. Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Bolzani, D., Crivellaro, F., & Grimaldi, R. (2021). Highly skilled, yet invisible. The potential of migrant women with a STEMM background in Italy between intersectional barriers and resources. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(6), 2132-2157. google scholar
  • Burns, N., Schlozman, K. L., & Verba, S. (2021). The private roots of public action. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Burtz, W. P., & Ward, M. P. (1979). The emergence of countercyclical US fertility. The American Economic Review, 69(3), 318-328. google scholar
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431. google scholar
  • ElAshmawy, N., Muhab, N., & Osman, A. (2020). Improving female labor force participation in MENA. J-PAL. google scholar
  • Engelhardt, H., Kögel, T., & Prskawetz, A. (2004). Fertility and women’s employment reconsidered: A macro-level time-series analysis for developed countries, 1960-2000. Population Studies, 58(1), 109-120. google scholar
  • Farley, R. & Allen, W. R. (1987). The color line and the quality of American life. Russell Sage Foundation. google scholar
  • Feyrer, J., Sacerdote, B., & Stern, A. D. (2008). Will the stork return to Europe and Japan? Understanding fertility within developed nations. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(3), 3-22. google scholar
  • Groshen, E. L., & Holzer, H. J. (2021). Labor market trends and outcomes: What has changed since the Great Recession?. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 695(1), 49-69. google scholar
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y. (2003) Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115, 53-74. google scholar
  • Kabeer, N. (2021). Gender equality, inclusive growth, and labour markets. in women’s economic empowerment: Insights from Africa and South Asia, Routledge, 34(2), 13-48. google scholar
  • Lee, C. C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and Energy Economics, 30(1), 50- 65. google scholar
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F. & Chu, C. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24. google scholar
  • Maddala, G.S. and Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 631-652. google scholar
  • McCoskey, S. K., & Selden, T. M. (1998). Health care expenditures and GDP: Panel data unit root test results. Journal of health economics, 17(3), 369-376. google scholar
  • McNown, R., & Rajbhandary, S. (2003). Time series analysis of fertility and female labor Market behavior. Journal of Population Economics, 16(3), 501-523. google scholar
  • Mishra, V., & Smyth, R. (2010). Female labor force participation and total fertility rates in the OECD: New evidence from panel cointegration and Granger causality testing. Journal ofEconomics and Business, 62(1), 48-64. google scholar
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin ofEconomics and Statistics, 61, 653-670. google scholar
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika. 75(2), 335-346 google scholar
  • Ranganathan, A., & Shivaram, R. (2021). Getting their hands dirty: How female managers motivate female worker productivity through subordinate scut work. Management Science, 67(5), 3299-3320. google scholar
  • Sahai, G. (2021). Occupational gender segregation and female labor force participation in India. Gender Equality, 943-952. google scholar
  • Skadsen, C. (2017). Fertility and female labor force participation: The role of legal access to contraceptives. Stevenson Center for Community and Economic Development. Student Research. 29. google scholar
  • Smeekes, S. (2015). Bootstrap sequential tests to determine the order of integration of individual units in a time series panel. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 36(3), 398-415. google scholar
  • Sundstrom, M., & Stafford, F. P. (1992). Female labor force participation, fertility, and public policy in Sweden. European Journal ofPopulation/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, 8(3), 199-215. google scholar
  • Tsani, S., Paroussos, L., Fragiadakis, C., Charalambidis, I., & Capros, P. (2012). Female labour force participation and economic development in southern mediterranean countries: What scenarios for 2030?. MEDPRO Technical Report No. 19. google scholar
  • World Database Indicators (2020, December 6). Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports. aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators google scholar

Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 303 - 316, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR936908

Öz

This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between female labor participation rate and fertility rate in MENA countries. It uses the data of Female Labor Participation Rate (FLPR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from the World Database Indicators (WDI) which spans the period from 1990 to 2020. It is a quantitative approach that applies the panel unit root test, Pedroni residual test, Vector Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality test. The findings revealed the existence of cointegration between the two variables, meaning that there is a longrun effect between FLFPR and TFR in MENA countries. Furthermore, there is the occurrence of a unidirectional causal relationship that runs from the TFR to FLFPR, in that the female labor participation rate in MENA countries depends on the total fertility rate. The results from the world economic report of 2019 showed that the MENA countries have the lowest female labor force participation in the world, and the relationship between the total fertility and female labor force participation rate is inversely proportional. MENA countries need to impose the necessary economic policies for female empowerment in the labor market. Good and effective policies for female empowerment in the labor market will provide a positive direct proportional relationship between female labor force participation and total fertility in MENA countries.

Kaynakça

  • Arbia, G., & Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Spatial econometrics: Methods and applications. Springer Science & Business Media. google scholar
  • Baffes, J. (1997). Explaining stationary variables with non-stationary regressors. Applied Economics Letters, 4(1), 69-75. google scholar
  • Breitung, J. (2000) The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161-177. google scholar
  • Bowen, W.G. & Finegan T.A. (1969). The economics of labour force participation. Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Bolzani, D., Crivellaro, F., & Grimaldi, R. (2021). Highly skilled, yet invisible. The potential of migrant women with a STEMM background in Italy between intersectional barriers and resources. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(6), 2132-2157. google scholar
  • Burns, N., Schlozman, K. L., & Verba, S. (2021). The private roots of public action. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Burtz, W. P., & Ward, M. P. (1979). The emergence of countercyclical US fertility. The American Economic Review, 69(3), 318-328. google scholar
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431. google scholar
  • ElAshmawy, N., Muhab, N., & Osman, A. (2020). Improving female labor force participation in MENA. J-PAL. google scholar
  • Engelhardt, H., Kögel, T., & Prskawetz, A. (2004). Fertility and women’s employment reconsidered: A macro-level time-series analysis for developed countries, 1960-2000. Population Studies, 58(1), 109-120. google scholar
  • Farley, R. & Allen, W. R. (1987). The color line and the quality of American life. Russell Sage Foundation. google scholar
  • Feyrer, J., Sacerdote, B., & Stern, A. D. (2008). Will the stork return to Europe and Japan? Understanding fertility within developed nations. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(3), 3-22. google scholar
  • Groshen, E. L., & Holzer, H. J. (2021). Labor market trends and outcomes: What has changed since the Great Recession?. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 695(1), 49-69. google scholar
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. & Shin, Y. (2003) Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115, 53-74. google scholar
  • Kabeer, N. (2021). Gender equality, inclusive growth, and labour markets. in women’s economic empowerment: Insights from Africa and South Asia, Routledge, 34(2), 13-48. google scholar
  • Lee, C. C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Energy consumption and economic growth in Asian economies: a more comprehensive analysis using panel data. Resource and Energy Economics, 30(1), 50- 65. google scholar
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F. & Chu, C. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24. google scholar
  • Maddala, G.S. and Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, 631-652. google scholar
  • McCoskey, S. K., & Selden, T. M. (1998). Health care expenditures and GDP: Panel data unit root test results. Journal of health economics, 17(3), 369-376. google scholar
  • McNown, R., & Rajbhandary, S. (2003). Time series analysis of fertility and female labor Market behavior. Journal of Population Economics, 16(3), 501-523. google scholar
  • Mishra, V., & Smyth, R. (2010). Female labor force participation and total fertility rates in the OECD: New evidence from panel cointegration and Granger causality testing. Journal ofEconomics and Business, 62(1), 48-64. google scholar
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin ofEconomics and Statistics, 61, 653-670. google scholar
  • Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika. 75(2), 335-346 google scholar
  • Ranganathan, A., & Shivaram, R. (2021). Getting their hands dirty: How female managers motivate female worker productivity through subordinate scut work. Management Science, 67(5), 3299-3320. google scholar
  • Sahai, G. (2021). Occupational gender segregation and female labor force participation in India. Gender Equality, 943-952. google scholar
  • Skadsen, C. (2017). Fertility and female labor force participation: The role of legal access to contraceptives. Stevenson Center for Community and Economic Development. Student Research. 29. google scholar
  • Smeekes, S. (2015). Bootstrap sequential tests to determine the order of integration of individual units in a time series panel. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 36(3), 398-415. google scholar
  • Sundstrom, M., & Stafford, F. P. (1992). Female labor force participation, fertility, and public policy in Sweden. European Journal ofPopulation/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, 8(3), 199-215. google scholar
  • Tsani, S., Paroussos, L., Fragiadakis, C., Charalambidis, I., & Capros, P. (2012). Female labour force participation and economic development in southern mediterranean countries: What scenarios for 2030?. MEDPRO Technical Report No. 19. google scholar
  • World Database Indicators (2020, December 6). Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports. aspx?source=World-Development-Indicators google scholar
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hamis Miraji Ally Simba 0000-0001-8915-9971

Hakan Güneş 0000-0002-0537-3637

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ally Simba, H. M., & Güneş, H. (2023). Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 10(1), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR936908
AMA Ally Simba HM, Güneş H. Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries. JEPR. Ocak 2023;10(1):303-316. doi:10.26650/JEPR936908
Chicago Ally Simba, Hamis Miraji, ve Hakan Güneş. “Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 10, sy. 1 (Ocak 2023): 303-16. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR936908.
EndNote Ally Simba HM, Güneş H (01 Ocak 2023) Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 10 1 303–316.
IEEE H. M. Ally Simba ve H. Güneş, “Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries”, JEPR, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 303–316, 2023, doi: 10.26650/JEPR936908.
ISNAD Ally Simba, Hamis Miraji - Güneş, Hakan. “Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches 10/1 (Ocak 2023), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR936908.
JAMA Ally Simba HM, Güneş H. Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries. JEPR. 2023;10:303–316.
MLA Ally Simba, Hamis Miraji ve Hakan Güneş. “Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries”. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, c. 10, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 303-16, doi:10.26650/JEPR936908.
Vancouver Ally Simba HM, Güneş H. Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries. JEPR. 2023;10(1):303-16.