MOBILE VISUAL ACUITY ASSESSMENT APPLICATION: AcuMob

Öz

This paper presents a mobile healthcare (mHealth) system for estimation of visual impairment that provides easiness by specifying the degree of an eye as orthoscopes. Our proposed system called AcuMob which is an Android based mobile application aimed to be used by patients who have myopia. In the crowd society, our proposed app will be implemented faster than the traditional ophthalmologic examination treatments as an alternative. Because AcuMob can be used in everywhere in any time slot, it is offered in the area where the ophthalmologist is not available. The system is developed with using Xamarin framework and voice commands are used to interact with mobile app. Some preferable letters that are suggested by the ophthalmologists were used in the system. The letter categories are specified according to letters’ sizes. In the start-up screen, the biggest letter is demonstrated and if the user responds correct answer, the letter’s size is being smaller. However, if the user says wrong answer three times consecutively, eyesight ratio is produced by the system to the user referencing to Snellen Chart’s information. This article has aimed at making a prediction about the visual impairment’s degree. Thanks to AcuMob, people can get idea about their visual acuity without consulting to an eye medical doctor (MD). For the evaluation of systems’ reliability, field tests were performed at Bayrampaşa Göz Vakfı Hospital in Istanbul with two ophthalmologist specialists. At the end of trials, the actual diagnosed degrees and the equivalent degree of eyesight ratios according to Snellen Chart’s information is compared and the success rates are shown. The system achieved at the 65% of average success rate, which can give users an idea about current condition of their visions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• m-Health,Mobile application,Visual acuity,Eye test,Eyesight ratio

Kaynakça

1. [1] Laforge,R., Spector,W., Sternberg, J. “The Relationship between vision and hearing impairment to one-year mortality and functional decline”. Journal of Aging and Health 1992; 4:126-148.
2. [2] Keeffe, J., & Taylor, H. R. “Visual impairment in children”. The British journal of ophthalmology 1995; 79:624.
3. [3] Ferrante, E. “Evolving Telemedicine and e-Health”. Telemedicine and e-Health 2005; 11(3): 370-383.
4. [4] Duke-Elder, S. “Textbook of ophthalmology”. British medical journal 1950; 1:650.
5. [5] Tarbert, C.M.; Livingstone, I.A.T.; Weir, A.J., “Assessment of visual impairment in stroke survivor’s”. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014; 2185-2188.
6. [6] Lewis, J.; Brown, D.; Cranton, W.; Mason, R. “Simulating visual impairments using the Unreal Engine 3 game engine”. Serious Games and Applications for Health 2011; 1-8.
7. [7] Xiaomei, Z., Zhen, L.,Gang, Z., Yi,S. “Construction of Teaching Aids Network System for Higher Education of People with Visual Impairment” Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS) 2012; 344-347.
8. [8] Geman, O.; Chiuchisan, I. “A health care self-monitoring system for patients with visual impairment using a network of sensors”. E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB) 2015; 1-4.

9. [9] Francis, H.; Al-Jumeily, D.; Lund, T.O. “A Framework to Support E-Commerce Development for People with Visual Impairment”. Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) 2013; 335-341.
10. [10] Murphy, K.; Darrah, M. “Haptics-Based Apps for Middle School Students with Visual Impairments”. Haptics, IEEE Transactions 2015; 8:318-326.
11. [11] Kii, H.; Murata, Y.; Oshiba, S.; Nagai, Y.; Watanabe, H.; Iki, S.; Kitani, Y.; Kuwahara, N.; Morimoto, K. “Accessible Optical Wireless Pedestrian-Support Systems for Individuals with Visual Impairment”. Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAIAAI) 2014; 776-779.
12. [12] Amin, M.R.; Paul, B.; Khan, F.A. “Bi-lingual audio assistance supported screen reading software for the people with visual impairments”. Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT) 2012; 202-208.
13. [13] Vlaminck, M.; Jovanov, L.; Van Hese, P.; Goossens, B.; Philips, W.; Pizurica, A. “Obstacle detection for pedestrians with a visual impairment based on 3D imaging”. 3D Imaging (IC3D) 2013; 1-7.
14. [14] Antos, E.A.B. “Design of an interactive system for city bus transport and visually impaired people using wireless communication, smartphone and embedded system”. Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference 2015;1-5.
15. [15] Avila,M., Funk, M., Henze, N. DroneNavigator: “Using Drones for Navigating Visually Impaired Persons”. Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility 2015; 327-328.
16. [16] Firmino, E.,Teófilo, M. “Visually impaired navigation assistant for emerging market using tactile floor, feature phone and audio descriptions”. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development 2013; 2.
17. [17] Rühmann,L.,Otero,N., Oakley, I. “A Tangible Tool for Visual Impaired Users to Learn Geometry”. 10th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction 2016; 577-583.
18. [18] Brady, E., Sato,D., Ruan,C., Takagi,H., Asakawa,C. “Exploring Interface Design for Independent Navigation by People with Visual Impairments”. Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility 2015; 387-388.
19. [19] Zare,A., McMullen,K., Gardner-McCune, C. “Design of an accessible and portable system for soccer players with visual impairments”. CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014; 1237-1242.
20. [20] Kaiser, P. K. “Prospective Evaluation of Visual Acuity Assessment: A Comparison of Snellen Versus ETDRS Charts in Clinical Practice (An AOS Thesis)”. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 2015; 107: 311–324.
21. [21] Tewari HK, Kori V, Sony P, Venkatesh P, Garg S. “Snellen chart may be preferable over early treatment diabetic retinopathy study charts for rapid visual acuity assessment”. Indian J Ophthalmol 2006; 54:214.
22. [22] Sue, S. “Test distance vision using a Snellen chart”. Community Eye Health 2007; 20: 52.