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Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2, 243 - 255, 31.08.2021

Öz

Background and Aims: Pregnancy is a sensitive period for all synthetic and herbal treatment options. This study aims to classify the herbal medicines used during pregnancy and to determine their usage rates, side effects, and risks, according to safety conditions. Methods: This study was conducted using survey questions directed to pregnant women receiving treatment in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. Results: 194 people participated in the study. 63 people (32.4%) used 31 different herbal medicines during pregnancy. Commonly used medicines were: Mentha sp. - Citrus limonum, Tilia sp. and Matricaria chamomilla. Herbal medicines were classified in four groups according to their effects, risk and safety during pregnancy. Accordingly, nine herbal medicines were classified as potentially harmful for use in pregnancy at a usage rate of 20.43%. These are mainly Jasminum sp. and Foeniculum vulgare. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the use of herbal medicines is common during pregnancy and that potentially harmful herbal medicines are used at high rates during this time. Patients get information about herbal medicines used during pregnancy from unreliable sources. Health care providers should have information about the potential benefits/ harms of herbal medicines when used during pregnancy.

Kaynakça

  • • Adams, J., Lui, C. W., Sibbritt, D., Broom, A., Wardle, J., Homer, C., & Beck, S. (2009). Women’s use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy: A critical review of the literature. Birth, 36(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523- 536X.2009.00328.x
  • • Ahmed, M., Hwang, J. H., Choi, S., & Han, D. (2017). Safety classification of herbal medicines used among pregnant women in Asian countries: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017- 1995-6
  • • Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Jamous, R. M., & Jamous, R. M. (2015). Plants used during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and infant healthcare in Palestine. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.03.004
  • • Cuzzolin, L., Francini-Pesenti, F., Verlato, G., Joppi, M., Baldelli, P., & Benoni, G. (2010). Use of herbal medicines among 392 Italian pregnant women: Focus on pregnancy outcome. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 19(11), 1151–1158. https://doi. org/10.1002/pds.2040
  • • Demirezer Ö., Ersöz T., Saraçoğlu İ., & Şener B. (Eds.). (2011). FFD Monografları, Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler (Vol. 2) [FFD Monographs, Plants Used in Treatment]. MN Medical & Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • • Dülger, G. (2012). Bitkisel ilaçlar ve ilaç etkileşmeleri [Herbal medicines and drug interactions]. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal (Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 9–22). https://doi.org/10.12991/201216415
  • • Eardley, S., Bishop, F. L., Prescott, P., Cardini, F., Brinkhaus, B., Santos- Rey, K., Vas, J., Von Ammon, K., Hegyi, G., Dragan, S., Uehleke, B., Fønnebø, V., & Lewith, G. (2012). A systematic literature review of complementary and alternative medicine prevalence in EU. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (Vol. 19, Issue SUPPL 2, pp. 18–28). https://doi.org/10.1159/000342708
  • • Edwards, S. E., da Costa Rocha, I., Williamson, E. M., & Heinrich, M. (2015). Phytopharmacy: An Evidence-Based Guide to Herbal Medicinal Medicines. In Phytopharmacy: An Evidence- Based Guide to Herbal Medicinal Medicines. https://doi. org/10.1002/9781118543436
  • • Ernst, E. (2002). Herbal medicinal medicines during pregnancy: Are they safe? In BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Vol. 109, Issue 3, pp. 227–235). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01009.x
  • • Evans, M. (2009). Postdates pregnancy and complementary therapies. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.09.002 • Gardner, Z., & McGuffin M. (Eds.). (2013). American Herbal Medicines Association’s Botanıcal Safety Handbook. CRC Press.
  • • Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., Christof Jaenicke, B., Mehta, M., Fleming, T., Deutsch, M., Lori Murray Christine Wyble, C., & Hamid, M. (2000). PDR for Herbal medicines
  • • Harrigan, J. T. (2011). Patient disclosure of the use of complementary and alternative medicine to their obstetrician/gynaecologist. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 31(1), 59–61. https://doi.or g/10.3109/01443615.2010.531303
  • • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products/European Medicines Agency. (2006). Assessment report on Linum usitatissimum L., semen. EMEA/HMPC/167395/2006 (Issue October).
  • • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. (2010). Assessment report on Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, herba. • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. (2012). Assessment report on Tilia cordata Miller, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Tilia x vulgaris Heyne or their mixtures, flos. 44.
  • • Hunt, K. J., Coelho, H. F., Wider, B., Perry, R., Hung, S. K., Terry, R., & Ernst, E. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine use in England: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(11), 1496–1502. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1742-1241.2010.02484.x
  • • Kennedy, D. A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., & Nordeng, H. (2016). Safety classification of herbal medicines used in pregnancy in a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1079-z
  • • Kennedy, Deborah A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., & Nordeng, H. (2013). Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: Results of a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-355
  • • Kıssal, A., Çevik Güner, Ü., & Batkın Ertürk, D. (2017). Use of herbal medicine among pregnant women in Turkey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 30, 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ctim.2016.11.001
  • • Koren, G., Randor, S., Martin, S., & Danneman, D. (1990). Maternal Ginseng Use Associated With Neonatal Androgenization. In JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association (Vol. 264, Issue 22, p. 2866). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03450220028007
  • • Laelago, T., Yohannes, T., & Lemango, F. (2016). Prevalence of herbal medicine use and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia: Facility based cross sectional study. Archives of Public Health, 74(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13690- 016-0118-Z
  • • Mills, E., Dugoua, J.-J., Perri, D., & Koren, G. (2006). Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation. In Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b13984
  • • Mills, S. Simon Y., & Bone, K. (2005). The essential guide to herbal safety. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • • Monji, F., Adaikan, P. G., Lau, L. C., Bin Said, B., Gong, Y., Tan, H. M., & Choolani, M. (2016). Investigation of uterotonic properties of Ananas comosus extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 193, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.041
  • • Mosihuzzaman, M., & Choudhary, M. I. (2008). Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization, and documentation of herbal medicine (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80(10), 2195– 2230. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200880102195
  • • Muñoz Balbontín, Y., Stewart, D., Shetty, A., Fitton, C. A., & McLay, J. S. (2019). Herbal medicinal medicine use during pregnancy and the postnatal period: A systematic review. In Obstetrics and Gynecology (Vol. 133, Issue 5, pp. 920–932). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003217
  • • Nordeng, H., & Havnen, G. C. (2004). Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: A survey among 400 Norwegian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 13(6), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1002/ pds.945
  • • Paarakh, P. M. (2010). Nigella sativa Linn.- A comprehensive review. In Indian Journal of Natural Medicines and Resources (Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 409–429).
  • • Pallivalapila, A. R., Stewart, D., Shetty, A., Pande, B., Singh, R., & McLay, J. S. (2015). Use of complementary and alternative medicines during the third trimester. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 125(1), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000596
  • • Patel, J., & Gohil, K. (2007). Herb-drug interactions: A review and study based on assessment of clinical case reports in literature. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 39(3), 129. https://doi. org/10.4103/0253-7613.33432
  • • Rahimi, R., & Ardekani, M. R. S. (2013). Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. In Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine (Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 73–79). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1327-0
  • • Renda, G., Yaşar, Y. K., Yılmaz, E., Sanrı, H., Dilaver, İ., Demirtaş, Y., Çan, G., & Sezen, F. S. (2018). Aile hekimleri ve eczacıların bitkisel ürün kullanımına yaklaşımları: Trabzon ilinde pilot çalışma [Approaches of family physicians and pharmacists to the use of herbal medicines : a pilot study in Trabzon]. 22(3), 141–156. https://doi. org/10.15511/tahd.18.00341
  • • Shinde, P., Patil, P., & Bairagi, V. (2012). HERBS IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: A REVIEW APPRAISAL. IJPSR, 3(9), 3001–3006.
  • • Skalli, S., Zaid, A., & Soulaymani, R. (2007). Drug interactions with herbal medicines. In Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Vol. 29, Issue 6, pp. 679–686). https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e31815c17f6
  • • Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Rallis, S., Paxton, S. J., Kelly, L., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Use of complementary and alternative medicines by a sample of Australian women during pregnancy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 48(4), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2008.00865.x
  • • Tabatabaee, M. (2011). Use of herbal medicine among pregnant women referring to Valiasr Hospital in Kazeroon, Fars, South of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10(37), 96–108.
  • • Wharf, C., & Kingdom, U. (2011). Assessment report on Capsella bursa-pastoris ( L .) Medikus , herba. 44(November 2010).
  • • WHO Monographs On Selected Medicinal Plants Vol. 2.. (Vol. 2). (2002).
  • • World Health Organization. (1999). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Essential Medicines and Health Medicines Information Portal, 1, 183–194.
  • • World Health Organization. (2004). New WHO guidelines to promote proper use of alternative medicines. Who, 2002–2004.
  • • Yıldırım, M., Desdicioglu, R., Kara, H., & Yavuz Avsar, A. F. (2016). Gebelikte Bitkisel Ürünlerin Kullanımı [Herbal Medicine Use in Pregnancy]. Ankara Medical Journal, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17098/ amj.70285
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2, 243 - 255, 31.08.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • • Adams, J., Lui, C. W., Sibbritt, D., Broom, A., Wardle, J., Homer, C., & Beck, S. (2009). Women’s use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy: A critical review of the literature. Birth, 36(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523- 536X.2009.00328.x
  • • Ahmed, M., Hwang, J. H., Choi, S., & Han, D. (2017). Safety classification of herbal medicines used among pregnant women in Asian countries: A systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017- 1995-6
  • • Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Jamous, R. M., & Jamous, R. M. (2015). Plants used during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and infant healthcare in Palestine. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 21(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.03.004
  • • Cuzzolin, L., Francini-Pesenti, F., Verlato, G., Joppi, M., Baldelli, P., & Benoni, G. (2010). Use of herbal medicines among 392 Italian pregnant women: Focus on pregnancy outcome. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 19(11), 1151–1158. https://doi. org/10.1002/pds.2040
  • • Demirezer Ö., Ersöz T., Saraçoğlu İ., & Şener B. (Eds.). (2011). FFD Monografları, Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler (Vol. 2) [FFD Monographs, Plants Used in Treatment]. MN Medical & Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • • Dülger, G. (2012). Bitkisel ilaçlar ve ilaç etkileşmeleri [Herbal medicines and drug interactions]. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal (Vol. 16, Issue 1, pp. 9–22). https://doi.org/10.12991/201216415
  • • Eardley, S., Bishop, F. L., Prescott, P., Cardini, F., Brinkhaus, B., Santos- Rey, K., Vas, J., Von Ammon, K., Hegyi, G., Dragan, S., Uehleke, B., Fønnebø, V., & Lewith, G. (2012). A systematic literature review of complementary and alternative medicine prevalence in EU. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (Vol. 19, Issue SUPPL 2, pp. 18–28). https://doi.org/10.1159/000342708
  • • Edwards, S. E., da Costa Rocha, I., Williamson, E. M., & Heinrich, M. (2015). Phytopharmacy: An Evidence-Based Guide to Herbal Medicinal Medicines. In Phytopharmacy: An Evidence- Based Guide to Herbal Medicinal Medicines. https://doi. org/10.1002/9781118543436
  • • Ernst, E. (2002). Herbal medicinal medicines during pregnancy: Are they safe? In BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Vol. 109, Issue 3, pp. 227–235). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01009.x
  • • Evans, M. (2009). Postdates pregnancy and complementary therapies. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.09.002 • Gardner, Z., & McGuffin M. (Eds.). (2013). American Herbal Medicines Association’s Botanıcal Safety Handbook. CRC Press.
  • • Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., Christof Jaenicke, B., Mehta, M., Fleming, T., Deutsch, M., Lori Murray Christine Wyble, C., & Hamid, M. (2000). PDR for Herbal medicines
  • • Harrigan, J. T. (2011). Patient disclosure of the use of complementary and alternative medicine to their obstetrician/gynaecologist. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 31(1), 59–61. https://doi.or g/10.3109/01443615.2010.531303
  • • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products/European Medicines Agency. (2006). Assessment report on Linum usitatissimum L., semen. EMEA/HMPC/167395/2006 (Issue October).
  • • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. (2010). Assessment report on Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, herba. • Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products. (2012). Assessment report on Tilia cordata Miller, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Tilia x vulgaris Heyne or their mixtures, flos. 44.
  • • Hunt, K. J., Coelho, H. F., Wider, B., Perry, R., Hung, S. K., Terry, R., & Ernst, E. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine use in England: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 64(11), 1496–1502. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1742-1241.2010.02484.x
  • • Kennedy, D. A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., & Nordeng, H. (2016). Safety classification of herbal medicines used in pregnancy in a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1079-z
  • • Kennedy, Deborah A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., & Nordeng, H. (2013). Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: Results of a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-355
  • • Kıssal, A., Çevik Güner, Ü., & Batkın Ertürk, D. (2017). Use of herbal medicine among pregnant women in Turkey. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 30, 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ctim.2016.11.001
  • • Koren, G., Randor, S., Martin, S., & Danneman, D. (1990). Maternal Ginseng Use Associated With Neonatal Androgenization. In JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association (Vol. 264, Issue 22, p. 2866). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03450220028007
  • • Laelago, T., Yohannes, T., & Lemango, F. (2016). Prevalence of herbal medicine use and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia: Facility based cross sectional study. Archives of Public Health, 74(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13690- 016-0118-Z
  • • Mills, E., Dugoua, J.-J., Perri, D., & Koren, G. (2006). Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation. In Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b13984
  • • Mills, S. Simon Y., & Bone, K. (2005). The essential guide to herbal safety. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • • Monji, F., Adaikan, P. G., Lau, L. C., Bin Said, B., Gong, Y., Tan, H. M., & Choolani, M. (2016). Investigation of uterotonic properties of Ananas comosus extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 193, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.041
  • • Mosihuzzaman, M., & Choudhary, M. I. (2008). Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization, and documentation of herbal medicine (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80(10), 2195– 2230. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200880102195
  • • Muñoz Balbontín, Y., Stewart, D., Shetty, A., Fitton, C. A., & McLay, J. S. (2019). Herbal medicinal medicine use during pregnancy and the postnatal period: A systematic review. In Obstetrics and Gynecology (Vol. 133, Issue 5, pp. 920–932). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003217
  • • Nordeng, H., & Havnen, G. C. (2004). Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: A survey among 400 Norwegian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 13(6), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1002/ pds.945
  • • Paarakh, P. M. (2010). Nigella sativa Linn.- A comprehensive review. In Indian Journal of Natural Medicines and Resources (Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 409–429).
  • • Pallivalapila, A. R., Stewart, D., Shetty, A., Pande, B., Singh, R., & McLay, J. S. (2015). Use of complementary and alternative medicines during the third trimester. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 125(1), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000596
  • • Patel, J., & Gohil, K. (2007). Herb-drug interactions: A review and study based on assessment of clinical case reports in literature. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 39(3), 129. https://doi. org/10.4103/0253-7613.33432
  • • Rahimi, R., & Ardekani, M. R. S. (2013). Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. In Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine (Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 73–79). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1327-0
  • • Renda, G., Yaşar, Y. K., Yılmaz, E., Sanrı, H., Dilaver, İ., Demirtaş, Y., Çan, G., & Sezen, F. S. (2018). Aile hekimleri ve eczacıların bitkisel ürün kullanımına yaklaşımları: Trabzon ilinde pilot çalışma [Approaches of family physicians and pharmacists to the use of herbal medicines : a pilot study in Trabzon]. 22(3), 141–156. https://doi. org/10.15511/tahd.18.00341
  • • Shinde, P., Patil, P., & Bairagi, V. (2012). HERBS IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: A REVIEW APPRAISAL. IJPSR, 3(9), 3001–3006.
  • • Skalli, S., Zaid, A., & Soulaymani, R. (2007). Drug interactions with herbal medicines. In Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Vol. 29, Issue 6, pp. 679–686). https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e31815c17f6
  • • Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Rallis, S., Paxton, S. J., Kelly, L., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Use of complementary and alternative medicines by a sample of Australian women during pregnancy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 48(4), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2008.00865.x
  • • Tabatabaee, M. (2011). Use of herbal medicine among pregnant women referring to Valiasr Hospital in Kazeroon, Fars, South of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10(37), 96–108.
  • • Wharf, C., & Kingdom, U. (2011). Assessment report on Capsella bursa-pastoris ( L .) Medikus , herba. 44(November 2010).
  • • WHO Monographs On Selected Medicinal Plants Vol. 2.. (Vol. 2). (2002).
  • • World Health Organization. (1999). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Essential Medicines and Health Medicines Information Portal, 1, 183–194.
  • • World Health Organization. (2004). New WHO guidelines to promote proper use of alternative medicines. Who, 2002–2004.
  • • Yıldırım, M., Desdicioglu, R., Kara, H., & Yavuz Avsar, A. F. (2016). Gebelikte Bitkisel Ürünlerin Kullanımı [Herbal Medicine Use in Pregnancy]. Ankara Medical Journal, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17098/ amj.70285
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Yunus Emre Ayhan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6093-0849

Emine Akalın Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0307-2128

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayhan, Y. E., & Akalın, E. (2021). Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 51(2), 243-255.
AMA Ayhan YE, Akalın E. Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department. iujp. Ağustos 2021;51(2):243-255.
Chicago Ayhan, Yunus Emre, ve Emine Akalın. “Evaluation of Herbal Medicine Use in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 51, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2021): 243-55.
EndNote Ayhan YE, Akalın E (01 Ağustos 2021) Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 51 2 243–255.
IEEE Y. E. Ayhan ve E. Akalın, “Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department”, iujp, c. 51, sy. 2, ss. 243–255, 2021.
ISNAD Ayhan, Yunus Emre - Akalın, Emine. “Evaluation of Herbal Medicine Use in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 51/2 (Ağustos 2021), 243-255.
JAMA Ayhan YE, Akalın E. Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department. iujp. 2021;51:243–255.
MLA Ayhan, Yunus Emre ve Emine Akalın. “Evaluation of Herbal Medicine Use in the Obstetric and Gynecology Department”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, c. 51, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 243-55.
Vancouver Ayhan YE, Akalın E. Evaluation of herbal medicine use in the obstetric and gynecology department. iujp. 2021;51(2):243-55.