YASALAR VE GELENEKLER IŞIĞINDA ARKAİK ve KLASİK DÖNEM YUNAN ve CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ROMALI KADINLARIN AİLE HAYATI

Öz

Tarihe yön vermiş ve birbirleriyle yüzyıllar boyunca hem sosyal ve siyasal anlamda hem dinsel ve kültürel anlamda birbirleriyle etkileşim halinde yaşamış iki büyük medeniyet olan Eski Yunan ve Roma toplumları arasında benzerlikler olduğu kadar doğal olarak farklılıklar da bulunmaktadır. Bu toplumların karakteristik yapısına ve inanç sistemine, yasalarına ve geleneklerine bağlı olarak kadınların aile ve sosyal hayatlarında, konumlarında ve haklarında da belli özellikler ve unsurlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Romalı kadınlar Yunan kadınlarından kısmen daha özgürce yaşamış olsalar da her iki medeniyette de kadınlar erkeğe oranla kısıtlı hayatlar sürmüştür. ‘Aile’ kavramı kutsal ve devletin temeli sayılırken, ailenin en önemli bireylerinden olan kadınlar, soyun devamını sağlama ve evin gözetimi uğruna birçok haktan mahrum bırakılmıştır. Kendileri yeterli eğitim almadığı halde dindar, ahlâklı ve devlete yararlı bireyler yetiştirmekle mesul tutulmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Arkaik ve Klasik Dönem Yunan kadınların ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi Romalı kadınların yasalar ve geleneklerdeki yerleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Eski Yunan Arkaik Dönemi’nden Hellenistik Dönem sonuna ve Roma Krallık Dönemi’nden İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne kadarki süreçte bazı önemli arkeolojik ve edebî kaynaklara, yasalara ve geleneklere odaklanılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antikçağ Kadını,Eski Yunan Kadınları,Romalı Kadınlar,Antikçağ Kadınlarının Yaşamı,oikos,domus.

THE FAMILY LIFE OF ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL GREEK WOMEN AND ROMAN REPUBLICAN WOMEN IN THE LIGHT OF LAWS AND TRADITIONS

Öz

Ancient Greek and Roman societies, two big civilizations which involved mutual interactions with each other from social, political, religious and cultural aspects for centuries, naturally had differences as well as similarities. According to the structures, beliefs, laws and traditions of these societies, some specific characteristic elements emerged in these women’s family and social lives. Even though Roman women lived partially freer than Greek women, in both civilizations women had restricted lives in comparison to men. While the notion of ‘family’ was seen as sacred and the basis of the state, women were deprived of so many rights for the sake of home care and the continuation of their family name. Even though they were not educated enough, they were held responsible for bringing up children as virtuous, religious and efficient individuals for the state. In this paper, the position of Ancient Greek women in Archaic and Classical Period and Roman Women in Rebublic Periodin the light of laws and traditions were analyzed. For this reason, there is a focus on some important archaeological and literary sources, laws and traditions from the Archaic era to the Period of the Empire

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ancient Women,Greek Women,Roman Women,Family Life of Ancient Women,oikos,domus.

Kaynakça

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