YASALAR VE GELENEKLER IŞIĞINDA ARKAİK ve KLASİK DÖNEM YUNAN ve CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ROMALI KADINLARIN AİLE HAYATI

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 15, 1 - 25, 21.02.2018

Elif Burcu Özkan

Öz

Tarihe yön vermiş ve
birbirleriyle yüzyıllar boyunca hem sosyal ve siyasal anlamda hem dinsel ve
kültürel anlamda birbirleriyle etkileşim halinde yaşamış iki büyük medeniyet
olan Eski Yunan ve Roma toplumları arasında benzerlikler olduğu kadar doğal
olarak farklılıklar da bulunmaktadır. Bu toplumların karakteristik yapısına ve
inanç sistemine, yasalarına ve geleneklerine bağlı olarak kadınların aile ve
sosyal hayatlarında, konumlarında ve haklarında da belli özellikler ve unsurlar
ortaya çıkmıştır. Romalı kadınlar Yunan kadınlarından kısmen daha özgürce
yaşamış olsalar da her iki medeniyette de kadınlar erkeğe oranla kısıtlı
hayatlar sürmüştür. ‘Aile’ kavramı kutsal ve devletin temeli sayılırken,
ailenin en önemli bireylerinden olan kadınlar, soyun devamını sağlama ve evin
gözetimi uğruna birçok haktan mahrum bırakılmıştır. Kendileri yeterli eğitim
almadığı halde dindar, ahlâklı ve devlete yararlı bireyler yetiştirmekle mesul
tutulmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Arkaik ve Klasik Dönem Yunan kadınların ve
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Romalı kadınların yasalar ve geleneklerdeki yerleri
incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Eski Yunan Arkaik Dönemi’nden Hellenistik Dönem sonuna
ve Roma Krallık Dönemi’nden İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne kadarki süreçte bazı önemli
arkeolojik ve edebî kaynaklara, yasalara ve geleneklere odaklanılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antikçağ Kadını, Eski Yunan Kadınları, Romalı Kadınlar, Antikçağ Kadınlarının Yaşamı, oikos, domus.

THE FAMILY LIFE OF ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL GREEK WOMEN AND ROMAN REPUBLICAN WOMEN IN THE LIGHT OF LAWS AND TRADITIONS

Öz

Ancient Greek and Roman
societies, two big civilizations which involved mutual interactions with each
other from social, political, religious and cultural aspects for centuries,
naturally had differences as well as similarities. According to the structures,
beliefs, laws and traditions of these societies, some specific characteristic
elements emerged in these women’s family and social lives. Even though Roman
women lived partially freer than Greek women, in both civilizations women had
restricted lives in comparison to men. While the notion of ‘family’ was seen as
sacred and the basis of the state, women were deprived of so many rights for
the sake of home care and the continuation of their family name. Even though
they were not educated enough, they were held responsible for bringing up
children as virtuous, religious and efficient individuals for the state. In
this paper, the position of Ancient Greek women in Archaic and Classical Period
and Roman Women in Rebublic Periodin the light of laws and traditions were
analyzed. For this reason, there is a focus on some important archaeological
and literary sources, laws and traditions from the Archaic era to the Period of
the Empire

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ancient Women, Greek Women, Roman Women, Family Life of Ancient Women, oikos, domus.

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