TÜRKİYE’DEKİ HUKUK DÜZENİNDE SEKÜLERİZM VE İBADET ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ ÇATIŞMASI

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 115 - 135, 03.03.2016

Saadet Yüksel

Öz

Türkiye’de laiklik şu ana kadar din-devlet ayrılığı/sekülerizm modeli olmasının ötesinde,
cumhuriyetin önemli değerlerinden biri olması yönüyle çalışılmıştır. Anayasa Mahkemesinin
özellikle ibadet özgürlüğü taleplerine ilişkin değerlendirmesi, sadece laikliği değil, laiklik
ve ibadet özgürlüğü ilişkisini dikkate almayı da gerektirmektedir. Bu ilişkinin göz önünde bulundurulması, bu taleplerin her durumda kabul edileceği veya reddedileceği anlamına
gelmese de, bir özgürlük değerlendirmesini zorunlu kılacaktır. Bu değerlendirme, farklı
din ve inançlara saygı ile devletin tarafsızlığının aynı anda sağlanmasını da beraberinde
getirebilir. Bu nedenle çalışmada öncelikle, Türkiye’de laiklik anlayışının gelişimi, Anayasa
Mahkemesi’nin ibadet özgürlüğü taleplerine ilişkin yaklaşımı değerlendirilmiştir. Sonrasında
da, Mahkemenin, özellikle bireysel başvuru yoluyla önüne gelecek ibadet özgürlüğü
taleplerini, Anayasanın 24. maddesine güvence altına alınan bir hak ve özgürlük olarak
değerlendirirken, ölçülülük standardını nasıl uygulayacağı incelenmekte ve öneriler
getirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Laiklik, sekülerizm, din özgürlüğü, ölçülülük standardı

THE CLASH BETWEEN FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION AND SECULARISM WITHIN THE TURKISH LEGAL SYSTEM

Öz

Laicism as a model of separation between state and religion/secularism is often studied
for its role in Turkey’s ideology of Republican nationalism. Turkish Constitutional Court
should approach cases regarding free exercise not only as an issue of laicism but also as
an issue of the relationship between laicism and free exercise. Considering the issue as one
beyond just the separation of religion and state does not mean that religious sensibilities
will always win or lose but it requires evaluating whether there is a violation of religious
freedom as one of the fundamental rights and freedoms. This approach would be helpful
to enable the coexistence of respect for religious beliefs and the state’s neutrality toward
religion. Thus, fi rst, the development of Turkish practice of laicism and Constitutional
Court’s approach towards free exercise issues are discussed. Finally, application of
proportionality standard in cases of free exercise, which is guaranteed under the article
24 of the Constitution, is introduced and elaborated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Laicism, secularism, religious freedom, proportionality standard

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