Araştırma Makalesi
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ACİL DURUM HAKEMLİĞİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 33 - 72, 30.11.2016

Öz

Tahkimde tarafların sahip olduğu en önemli avantajlardan biri hakemleri seçebilme özgürlüğüdür.

Fakat bu durum hakem kurulunun oluşmasının belli bir zaman alması gibi

bazı zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle kişiler uzun bir dönem hakem

kurulu oluşana kadar geçici hukuki koruma talepleri için sadece mahkemeye başvurma

imkânına sahipti. Esas iradeleri tahkime gitmek yönünde olan tarafların daha başlangıçta

mahkemeye başvurmasının ortak amaçlarına aykırı olacağını düşünen tahkim kurumları

ise, bu soruna bir çözüm getirmek amacıyla acil durum hakemliğini içeren kurallar çıkarmaya

başladılar. Bu kurallarda esasa ilişkin uyuşmazlığa bakacak hakem kurulunun

oluşmasından önce genellikle tek bir acil durum hakemi tarafından geçici hukuki koruma

tedbiri taleplerine bakılması öngörülmektedir. Yetkileri ise hakemlerin geçici hukuki koruma

yetkisi konusunda sahip olduğu yetkilerle genellikle paralellik göstermektedir. Acil

durum hakemlerine ilişkin en büyük tartışma ise verdikleri kararların icra edilebilir nitelikte

olup olmadığıdır. Bu sorunun yanıtı özellikle acil durum hakemlerinin hakem sayılıp

sayılmamasına göre değişecektir. Yanıtın olumlu olması halinde, verdikleri kararın niteliği

veya ulusal hukuklardaki düzenlemelere göre verilen kararın tenfiz edilebilir nitelikte olup

olmadığı sorusu yanıtlanabilir. Bununla birlikte uygulamada tarafların zaten sözleşmesel

bağlayıcılığı olan bu kararlara genelde uydukları da bilinmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • AKINCI, Ziya; Milletlerarası Tahkim, Vedat Kitapçılık, İstanbul, 2016.
  • AKINCI, Ziya; Milletlerarası Ticari Hakem Kararları ve Tenfizi, Ankara 1994, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Döner Sermaye İşletmesi Yayınları, s. 57.
  • ATLIHAN, Özen; The Main Principles Governing Interim Measures In The Pre-Arbitral Proceedings- Specifically, The Icc Emergency Arbitrator Rules (2012), Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul XLIII, N.60, 2011, s.203-262, Çevrimiçi, http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/ iuafdi/article/view/1023016891 (04.06.2016).
  • BAIGEL, Baruch; The Emergency Arbitrator Procedure under the 2012 ICC Rules: A Juridical Analysis, Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 31, Issue 1, Kluwer Law International, 2014, s.1-18.
  • BALKAR, Süheyla; Uluslararası Ticari Tahkim ve Geçici Koruma Tedbirleri, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Çevrimiçi, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp, (19.04.2016).
  • BASSIRI, Niuscha; Commentary on Part VI of the Belgian Judicial Code, Chapter IV: Article 1696, Arbitration in Belgium, Niuscha Bassiri and Maarten Draye (eds), Kluwer Law International, 2016, s.239-246
  • BERAUDO, Jean-Paul; Recognition and Enforcement of Interim Measures of Protection Ordered by Arbitral Tribunals, Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 22, Issue 3, Kluwer Law International,2005, s.245-254.
  • BOOG Christopher, Chapter 2, Part II: Commentary on Chapter 12 PILS, Article 183[Procedure: provisional and conservatory measures], Arbitration in Switzerland: The Practitionner’s Guide, Manuel Arroyo, Kluwer Law International, 2013, s.118-126.
  • BORN, Gary B; International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd edition, Kluwer Law International, 2014.
  • CARLEVARIS, Andrea, José Ricardo FERIS; Running in the ICC Emergency Arbitrator Rules: The First Ten Cases, ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin, Volume 25, Number 1, 2014, s.25-38.
  • COLLINS, Erin; Pre-Tribunal Emergency Relief in International Commercial Arbitration, Loyola University Chicago International Law Review, Volume 10, Issue 1, 2012-2013, s.105-123.
  • EHLE, Bernd; Emergency Arbitration in Practice, New Developments in International Commercial Arbitration, Christoph Müller/Antonio Rigozzi (Eds), Schulthess, Geneva, 2013, s.87-109.
  • ERTEN, Rifat; Milletlerarası Ticari Tahkim Hukukunda Geçici Koruma Önlemleri, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara,2010.
  • ESEN, Emre; Uluslararası Ticari Tahkimde Tahkim Anlaşmasının Üçüncü Kişilere Teşmili, Beta Basım, İstanbul, 2008.
  • FRY, Jason; The Emergency Arbitrator- Flawed Fashion or Sensible Solution?, Dispute Resolution International, Volume 7, No 2, 2013, s.179- 197.
  • GEISINGER, Elliott, Nathalie VOSER; International Arbitration in Switzerland: A Handbook for Practitioners (Second Edition), Kluwer Law International, 2013.
  • GHAFFARİ, Amir, Emmylou WALTERS; The Emergency Arbitrator: TheDawn of a New Age?, Arbitration International, Volume 30, Issue1, LCIA, 2014, s.153-167.
  • GRIERSON, Jacob, Annet VAN HOOFT; Arbitrating under the 2012 ICC Rules, Kluwer Law International, 2012.
  • HOLTZMANN, Howard M., Joseph E. NEUHAUS, Edda KRISTJÁNSDÓTTIR, Thomas W. WALSH; A Guide to the 2006 Amendments to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: Legislative History and Commentary, Kluwer Law International, 2015.
  • JARROSSON, Charles; Les frontiѐres de l’arbitrage, Revue de l’Arbitrage, Volume 2001, Issue 1, Kluwer Law International, 2001, s.5-42.
  • KOJOVIC, Tijana; Court Enforcement of Arbitral Decisions on Provisional Relief – How Final is Provisional?, Journal of International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2001, Volume 18, Issue 5, s.511 – 532.
  • LEW, Julian D. M., Loukas A. MISTELIS, et al.; Comparative International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2003.
  • LUNDSTEDT, Johan; SCC Practice: Emergency Arbitrator Decisions 1 January 2010- 31 December 2013, Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (Çevrimiçi). http://www.sccinstitute.com/ media/29995/scc-practice-2010-2013-emergency-arbitrator_final.pdf (20.04.2016).
  • MUÑOZ, Edgardo; How urgent shall an emergency be. The standards required to grant urgent relief by emergency arbitrators, Yearbook on International Arbitration, Volume IV, Edited by Marianne Roth, Michael Geistlinger, Vienna, 2015, s.43-67.
  • MÜLLER, Christoph, Sabrina PEARSON; Waving the Green Flag to Emergency Arbitration under the Swiss Rules: the Sauber Saga, ASA Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 4, Kluwer Law International, 2015, s.808-824.
  • O’CALLAGHAN Kieron, Jerome FINNIS, Chapter 20: Support and Supervision by the Courts, Arbitration in England, with chapters on Scotland and Ireland, Julian D.M. Lew, Harris Bor, et al (eds), Kluwer Law International, 2013, s.413-440.
  • OTTO, Dirk; Article VII in Herbert KRONKE, Patricia NACIMIENTO, et al. (eds), Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention, Kluwer Law International, 2010, s.443-474.
  • PAULSSON, Marike R. P. ; The 1958 New York Convention in Action, Kluwer Law International, 2016.
  • PEKCANITEZ, Hakan; Milletlerarası Tahkimde Geçici Hukuki Koruma Önlemleri, Milletlerarası Tahkim Semineri, 10 Mart 2003, Ankara, 2003.
  • REDFERN ALAN, J. Martin HUNTER, Nigel BLACKABY, Constantine PARTASIDES; Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration, Sixth Edition, 2015, Oxford University Press.
  • ROTH, Marianne, Claudia REİTH; Emergency Rules, Yearbook on International Arbitration, Volume 2, 2012, s.65-74.
  • SANTACROCE, Fabio G.; The emergency arbitrator: a full-fledged arbitrator rendering an enforceable decision?, Arbitration International, Volume 31, Issue 2, LCIA, 2015, s.283-312.
  • SCHERER, Maxi, Lisa RICHMAN, Rémy GERBAY; Arbitrating under the 2014 LCIA Rules: A User’s Guide, Kluwer Law International, 2015
  • ŞANLI, Cemal; Uluslararası Ticari Akitlerin Hazırlanması ve Uyuşmazlıkların Çözüm Yolları, 6.bası, Beta Basım, 2016, İstanbul.
  • VAN DEN BERG, Albert Jan; The New York Arbitration Convention of 1958, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, the Hague, 1994.
  • VERBIST, Herman, Erik SCHÄFER, et al.; ICC Arbitration in Practice, 2nd edition, Kluwer Law International, 2015.
  • YEŞİLIRMAK, Ali; Provisional Measures in International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2005.

EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 33 - 72, 30.11.2016

Öz

One of the biggest advantages of arbitration is the freedom to choose the arbitrators.
However, it also has several downsides such as the lengthy period of time required for the
constitution of the arbitral tribunal. Before, parties could only seek interim measures from
local courts until the constitution of the arbitral tribunal. Arbitral institutions opined that
the option to apply to a court for interim measures at the commencement of arbitration
would be contrary to the parties’ common intention for arbitration. Therefore, they created
new rules to address this issue, including emergency arbitrators. According to these rules, an emergency arbitrator has the competence to decide on interim measures prior to the
constitution of the arbitral tribunal. Their powers are generally similar to the arbitrators’
powers to grant interim measures. The main debate regarding emergency arbitrators
is whether or not their decisions are enforceable. The answer to this question depends,
especially, on another question: is it possible to conclude that emergency arbitrators are
arbitrators? If the answer to that question is positive, then the question of enforceability
can be answered according to the legal nature of the decisions of emergency arbitrators
and the local regulations. After all, in practice, it is known that parties generally tend to
comply with these decisions, which are contractually binding.

Kaynakça

  • AKINCI, Ziya; Milletlerarası Tahkim, Vedat Kitapçılık, İstanbul, 2016.
  • AKINCI, Ziya; Milletlerarası Ticari Hakem Kararları ve Tenfizi, Ankara 1994, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Döner Sermaye İşletmesi Yayınları, s. 57.
  • ATLIHAN, Özen; The Main Principles Governing Interim Measures In The Pre-Arbitral Proceedings- Specifically, The Icc Emergency Arbitrator Rules (2012), Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul XLIII, N.60, 2011, s.203-262, Çevrimiçi, http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/ iuafdi/article/view/1023016891 (04.06.2016).
  • BAIGEL, Baruch; The Emergency Arbitrator Procedure under the 2012 ICC Rules: A Juridical Analysis, Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 31, Issue 1, Kluwer Law International, 2014, s.1-18.
  • BALKAR, Süheyla; Uluslararası Ticari Tahkim ve Geçici Koruma Tedbirleri, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Çevrimiçi, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp, (19.04.2016).
  • BASSIRI, Niuscha; Commentary on Part VI of the Belgian Judicial Code, Chapter IV: Article 1696, Arbitration in Belgium, Niuscha Bassiri and Maarten Draye (eds), Kluwer Law International, 2016, s.239-246
  • BERAUDO, Jean-Paul; Recognition and Enforcement of Interim Measures of Protection Ordered by Arbitral Tribunals, Journal of International Arbitration, Volume 22, Issue 3, Kluwer Law International,2005, s.245-254.
  • BOOG Christopher, Chapter 2, Part II: Commentary on Chapter 12 PILS, Article 183[Procedure: provisional and conservatory measures], Arbitration in Switzerland: The Practitionner’s Guide, Manuel Arroyo, Kluwer Law International, 2013, s.118-126.
  • BORN, Gary B; International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd edition, Kluwer Law International, 2014.
  • CARLEVARIS, Andrea, José Ricardo FERIS; Running in the ICC Emergency Arbitrator Rules: The First Ten Cases, ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin, Volume 25, Number 1, 2014, s.25-38.
  • COLLINS, Erin; Pre-Tribunal Emergency Relief in International Commercial Arbitration, Loyola University Chicago International Law Review, Volume 10, Issue 1, 2012-2013, s.105-123.
  • EHLE, Bernd; Emergency Arbitration in Practice, New Developments in International Commercial Arbitration, Christoph Müller/Antonio Rigozzi (Eds), Schulthess, Geneva, 2013, s.87-109.
  • ERTEN, Rifat; Milletlerarası Ticari Tahkim Hukukunda Geçici Koruma Önlemleri, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara,2010.
  • ESEN, Emre; Uluslararası Ticari Tahkimde Tahkim Anlaşmasının Üçüncü Kişilere Teşmili, Beta Basım, İstanbul, 2008.
  • FRY, Jason; The Emergency Arbitrator- Flawed Fashion or Sensible Solution?, Dispute Resolution International, Volume 7, No 2, 2013, s.179- 197.
  • GEISINGER, Elliott, Nathalie VOSER; International Arbitration in Switzerland: A Handbook for Practitioners (Second Edition), Kluwer Law International, 2013.
  • GHAFFARİ, Amir, Emmylou WALTERS; The Emergency Arbitrator: TheDawn of a New Age?, Arbitration International, Volume 30, Issue1, LCIA, 2014, s.153-167.
  • GRIERSON, Jacob, Annet VAN HOOFT; Arbitrating under the 2012 ICC Rules, Kluwer Law International, 2012.
  • HOLTZMANN, Howard M., Joseph E. NEUHAUS, Edda KRISTJÁNSDÓTTIR, Thomas W. WALSH; A Guide to the 2006 Amendments to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: Legislative History and Commentary, Kluwer Law International, 2015.
  • JARROSSON, Charles; Les frontiѐres de l’arbitrage, Revue de l’Arbitrage, Volume 2001, Issue 1, Kluwer Law International, 2001, s.5-42.
  • KOJOVIC, Tijana; Court Enforcement of Arbitral Decisions on Provisional Relief – How Final is Provisional?, Journal of International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2001, Volume 18, Issue 5, s.511 – 532.
  • LEW, Julian D. M., Loukas A. MISTELIS, et al.; Comparative International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2003.
  • LUNDSTEDT, Johan; SCC Practice: Emergency Arbitrator Decisions 1 January 2010- 31 December 2013, Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (Çevrimiçi). http://www.sccinstitute.com/ media/29995/scc-practice-2010-2013-emergency-arbitrator_final.pdf (20.04.2016).
  • MUÑOZ, Edgardo; How urgent shall an emergency be. The standards required to grant urgent relief by emergency arbitrators, Yearbook on International Arbitration, Volume IV, Edited by Marianne Roth, Michael Geistlinger, Vienna, 2015, s.43-67.
  • MÜLLER, Christoph, Sabrina PEARSON; Waving the Green Flag to Emergency Arbitration under the Swiss Rules: the Sauber Saga, ASA Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 4, Kluwer Law International, 2015, s.808-824.
  • O’CALLAGHAN Kieron, Jerome FINNIS, Chapter 20: Support and Supervision by the Courts, Arbitration in England, with chapters on Scotland and Ireland, Julian D.M. Lew, Harris Bor, et al (eds), Kluwer Law International, 2013, s.413-440.
  • OTTO, Dirk; Article VII in Herbert KRONKE, Patricia NACIMIENTO, et al. (eds), Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention, Kluwer Law International, 2010, s.443-474.
  • PAULSSON, Marike R. P. ; The 1958 New York Convention in Action, Kluwer Law International, 2016.
  • PEKCANITEZ, Hakan; Milletlerarası Tahkimde Geçici Hukuki Koruma Önlemleri, Milletlerarası Tahkim Semineri, 10 Mart 2003, Ankara, 2003.
  • REDFERN ALAN, J. Martin HUNTER, Nigel BLACKABY, Constantine PARTASIDES; Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration, Sixth Edition, 2015, Oxford University Press.
  • ROTH, Marianne, Claudia REİTH; Emergency Rules, Yearbook on International Arbitration, Volume 2, 2012, s.65-74.
  • SANTACROCE, Fabio G.; The emergency arbitrator: a full-fledged arbitrator rendering an enforceable decision?, Arbitration International, Volume 31, Issue 2, LCIA, 2015, s.283-312.
  • SCHERER, Maxi, Lisa RICHMAN, Rémy GERBAY; Arbitrating under the 2014 LCIA Rules: A User’s Guide, Kluwer Law International, 2015
  • ŞANLI, Cemal; Uluslararası Ticari Akitlerin Hazırlanması ve Uyuşmazlıkların Çözüm Yolları, 6.bası, Beta Basım, 2016, İstanbul.
  • VAN DEN BERG, Albert Jan; The New York Arbitration Convention of 1958, Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, the Hague, 1994.
  • VERBIST, Herman, Erik SCHÄFER, et al.; ICC Arbitration in Practice, 2nd edition, Kluwer Law International, 2015.
  • YEŞİLIRMAK, Ali; Provisional Measures in International Commercial Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 2005.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Hukuk
Bölüm İncelemeler
Yazarlar

N. Tuğçe Bilgetekin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilgetekin, N. T. (2016). EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, 36(1), 33-72.
AMA Bilgetekin NT. EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. Kasım 2016;36(1):33-72.
Chicago Bilgetekin, N. Tuğçe. “EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR”. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 36, sy. 1 (Kasım 2016): 33-72.
EndNote Bilgetekin NT (01 Kasım 2016) EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 36 1 33–72.
IEEE N. T. Bilgetekin, “EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR”, Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, c. 36, sy. 1, ss. 33–72, 2016.
ISNAD Bilgetekin, N. Tuğçe. “EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR”. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 36/1 (Kasım 2016), 33-72.
JAMA Bilgetekin NT. EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. 2016;36:33–72.
MLA Bilgetekin, N. Tuğçe. “EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR”. Milletlerarası Hukuk Ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni, c. 36, sy. 1, 2016, ss. 33-72.
Vancouver Bilgetekin NT. EMERGENCY ARBITRATOR. Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni. 2016;36(1):33-72.