Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the nasopharynx: Two case reports

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 131 - 137, 01.04.2009

Ahmet Karadeniz Şimay Gürocak Necdet Biliciler Mert Başaran Faruk Taş

Öz

Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the nasopharynx is rarely seen. This tumor grows and extends silently and its early recognition is difficult. Herein, the clinical presentations of two cases of primary mucosal malignant melanomas are reported together with the treatment results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Nazofarenks'in primer mukozal melanomu: İki olgu sunumu

Öz

Mukozalardan kaynaklanan malign melanomlar baş-boyun bölgesinde nadir görülür. Mukozal melanomlar genellikle sessiz ve gizli bir şekilde gelişerek, yeterli bir şekilde hastalık ve bulgu oluşturmadıklarından erken dönemde tanınmaları zordur. Nazofarenks yerleşimli iki malign melanomlu olguda klinik bulgular özetlendi ve tedaviye yanıt bildirildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mukozal malign melanom, nazofarenks, primer

Kaynakça

• 1. Goldman JL, Lawson W, Zak FG, Roffman JD. The presence of melanocytes in the human larynx. Laryngoscope 1972;82(5):824-35.
• 2. Zak FG, Lawson W. The presence of melanocytes in the nasal cavity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1974;83(4):515-9.
• 3. Becker SW. Melanin pigmentation: A systematic study of the pigment of the human skin and upper mucous membranes, with special consideration of pigmented dendritic cells. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1927;16:259- 90.
• 4. Laidlaw GF, Cahn LR. Melanoblasts in the gum. J Dent Res 1932;12:534-7. [Abstract]
• 5. Iversen K, Robins RE. Mucosal malignant melanomas. Am J Surg 1980;139(5):660-4.
• 6. Clark WH Jr, Ainsworth AM, Bernardino EA, Yang CH, Mihm CM Jr, Reed RJ. The developmental biology of primary human malignant melanomas. Semin Oncol 1975;2(2):83-103.
• 7. Rapini RP, Golitz LE, Greer RO Jr, Krekorian EA, Poulson T. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. A review of 177 cases. Cancer 1985;55(7):1543- 51.
• 8. Chaudhry AP, Hampel A, Gorlin RJ. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity: a review of 105 cases. Cancer 1958;11(5):923-8.
• 9. Cramer SF. The histogenesis of acquired melanocytic nevi. Based on a new concept of melanocytic differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol 1984;6 Suppl:289-98.
• 10. Perez CA, Clifford Chao KS. Unusual nonepithelial tumors of the head and neck. In: Perez CA, Brady LW, editors. Principles and practice of radiation oncology. 3rd ed. Chapter 43. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997. p. 1128-3.
• 11. Harwood AR. Melanoma of the head and neck. In: Million RR, Cassiisi NJ, editors. Management of head and neck cancer. J.B. Lippincott Co: 1984. p. 513-28.
• 12. Affleck DH. Melanomas. Am J Cancer 1936;27:120- 38.
• 13. Pliskin ME. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. In: Clark WH Jr, Golman LI, Mastrangelo MJ, editors. Human malignant melanoma. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1979. p. 125-37.
• 14. Berthelsen A, Andersen AP, Jensen TS, Hansen HS. Melanomas of the mucosa in the oral cavity and the upper respiratory passages. Cancer 1984;54(5):907-12.
• 15. Holdcraft J, Gallagher JC. Malignant melanomas of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1969;78(1):5-20.
• 16. Hormia M, Vuori EE. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. J Laryngol Otol 1969;83(4):349-59.
• 17. Moore ES, Martin H. Melanoma of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Cancer 1955;8(6):1167-76.
• 18. Pack GT, Gerber DM, Scharnagel IM. End results in the treatment of malignant melanoma; a report of 1190 cases. Ann Surg 1952;136(6):905-11.
• 19. Andersen LJ, Berthelsen A, Hansen HS. Malignant melanoma of the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity. J Otolaryngol 1992;21(3):180-5.
• 20. Slavícek A, Astl J, Válková D, Betka J, Petruzelka L. Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. [Article in Czech] Sb Lek 2000;101(4):315-23. [Abstract]
• 21. Weber CO. Chirurgische Ehrfahrungen und untersuchungen, nebst zahlreichen beobachtungen aus der chirurgischen klinik und dem evangelischen Krankenhause zu Bonn. Berlin, Germany. G. Reimer 1859. p. 304.
• 22. Manolidis S, Donald PJ. Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: review of the literature and report of 14 patients. Cancer 1997;80(8):1373-86.
• 23. Patel SG, Prasad ML, Escrig M, Singh B, Shaha AR, Kraus DH, et al. Primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2002;24(3):247- 57.
• 24. Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM. Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology. Oral Oncol 2000;36(2):152- 69.
• 25. Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer 1998;83(8):1664-78.
• 26. Blatchford SJ, Koopmann CF Jr, Coulthard SW. Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 1986;96(9 Pt 1):929-34.
• 27. Batsakis JG, Regezi JA, Solomon AR, Rice DH. The pathology of head and neck tumors: mucosal melanomas, part 13. Head Neck Surg 1982;4(5):404-18.
• 28. Barker BF, Carpenter WM, Daniels TE, Kahn MA, Leider AS, Lozada-Nur F, et al. Oral mucosal melanomas: the WESTOP Banff workshop proceedings. Western Society of Teachers of Oral Pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83(6):672-9.
• 29. Gadeberg CC, Hjelm-Hansen M, Søgaard H, Elbrønd O. Malignant tumours of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. A series of 180 patients. Acta Radiol Oncol 1984;23(2-3):181-7.
• 30. Hanchard B, Salmon B. Primary malignant melanoma of the maxillary gingiva in a 4-year-old girl. West Indian Med J 1985;34(4):278-81.
• 31. Trapp TK, Fu YS, Calcaterra TC. Melanoma of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113(10):1086-9.
• 32. Umeda M, Mishima Y, Teranobu O, Nakanishi K, Shimada K. Heterogeneity of primary malignant melanomas in oral mucosa: an analysis of 43 cases in Japan. Pathology 1988;20(3):234-41.
• 33. Conley J, Pack GT. Melanoma of the mucous membranes of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol 1974;99(5):315-9.
• 34. Shah JP, Huvos AG, Strong EW. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1977;134(4):531-5.
• 35. Snow GB, van der Esch EP, van Slooten EA. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Head Neck Surg 1978;1(1):24-30.
• 36. Freedman HM, DeSanto LW, Devine KD, Weiland LH. Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Arch Otolaryngol 1973;97(4):322-5.
• 37. Takagi M, Ishikawa G, Mori W. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity in Japan. With special reference to mucosal melanosis. Cancer 1974;34(2):358- 70.
• 38. Eneroth CM. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. Int J Oral Surg 1975;4(5):191-7.
• 39. Trodahl JN, Sprague WG. Benign and malignant melanocytic lesions of the oral mucosa. An analysis of 135 cases. Cancer 1970;25(4):812-23.
• 40. Soman CS, Sirsat MV. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity in Indians. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974;38(3):426-34.
• 41. Shah JP, Huvos AG, Strong EW. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1977;134(4):531-5.
• 42. Eneroth CM, Lundberg C. Mucosal malignant melanomas of the head and neck with special reference to cases having a prolonged clinical course. Acta Otolaryngol 1975;80(5-6):452-8.
• 43. Liversedge RL. Oral malignant melanoma. Br J Oral Surg 1975;13(1):40-55.
• 44. Buchner A, Hansen LS. Pigmented nevi of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 32 new cases and review of 75 cases from the literature. Part I. A clinicopathologic study of 32 new cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48(2):131-42.
• 45. Meleti M, Leemans CR, Mooi WJ, Vescovi P, van der Waal I. Oral malignant melanoma: a review of the literature. Oral Oncol 2007;43(2):116-21.
• 46. Rampen FH, van der Esch EP. Biopsy and survival of malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12(2 Pt 1):385-8.
• 47. Prasad ML, Patel SG, Huvos AG, Shah JP, Busam KJ. Primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: a proposal for microstaging localized, Stage I (lymph node-negative) tumors. Cancer 2004;100(8):1657-64.
• 48. Prasad ML, Busam KJ, Patel SG, Hoshaw-Woodard S, Shah JP, Huvos AG. Clinicopathologic differences in malignant melanoma arising in oral squamous and sinonasal respiratory mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127(8):997-1002.
• 49. Prasad ML, Patel S, Hoshaw-Woodard S, Escrig M, Shah JP, Huvos AG, et al. Prognostic factors for malignant melanoma of the squamous mucosa of the head and neck. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26(7):883-92.
• 50. Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ, Atkins MB, Cascinelli N, Coit DG, et al. New TNM melanoma staging system: linking biology and natural history to clinical outcomes. Semin Surg Oncol 2003;21(1):43-52.
• 51. Medina JE, Ferlito A, Pellitteri PK, Shaha AR, Khafif A, Devaney KO, et al. Current management of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol 2003;83(2):116-22.
• 52. Peckitt NS, Wood GA. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70(2):161-4.
• 53. Barker BF, Carpenter WM, Daniels TE, Kahn MA, Leider AS, Lozada-Nur F, et al. Oral mucosal melanomas: the WESTOP Banff workshop proceedings. Western Society of Teachers of Oral Pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;83(6):672-9.
• 54. Lengyel E, Gilde K, Remenár E, Esik O. Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Pathol Oncol Res 2003;9(1):7-12.
• 55. Albertsson M, Tennvall J, Andersson T, Biörklund A, Elner A, Johansson L. Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx treated with cisplatin and accelerated hyperfractionated radiation. Melanoma Res 1992;2(2):101-4.
• 56. Catlin D. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1967;99(4):809- 16.
• 57. Wada H, Nemoto K, Ogawa Y, Hareyama M, Yoshida H, Takamura A, et al. A multi-institutional retrospective analysis of external radiotherapy for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck in Northern Japan. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;59(2):495-500.
• 58. Pearman K. Malignant melanoma of the nasal mucous membrane. J Laryngol Otol 1979;93(10):1003-9.
• 59. Ghamrawi KA, Glennie JM. The value of radiotherapy in the management of malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. J Laryngol Otol 1974;88(1):71-5.
• 60. Gilligan D, Slevin NJ. Radical radiotherapy for 28 cases of mucosal melanoma in the nasal cavity and sinuses. Br J Radiol 1991;64(768):1147-50.
• 61. Harwood AR, Cummings BJ. Radiotherapy for mucosal melanomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1982;8(7):1121-6.
• 62. Kato T, Takematsu H, Tomita Y, Takahashi M, Abe R. Malignant melanoma of mucous membranes. A clinicopathologic study of 13 cases in Japanese patients. Arch Dermatol 1987;123(2):216-20.
• 63. Owens JM, Roberts DB, Myers JN. The role of postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of mucosal melanomas of the head and neck region. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129(8):864-8.
• 64. Calabrese V, Cifola M, Pareschi R, Parma A, Sonzogni A. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. J Laryngol Otol 1989;103(9):887-9.
• 65. Oktay MF, Askar I, Kilinc N, Topcu I. Mucosal malignant melanoma in upper aerodigestive tract: report of two cases. Acta Chir Plast 2004;46(1):16-8.
• 66. de la Rica Rodas R, Rodríguez Lozano N, Pérez-Esteban L, Gómez Campderá I, Hinojar Arzadun A. A case of primary malignant melanoma of the nasopharynx. [Article in Spanish] Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 1989;40(2):153-5. [Abstract]
• 67. Esteban Sánchez T, Díaz Caparrós F, Castaño Zapatero I, Piles Galdón A, Calero del Castillo JB. Nasopharyngeal melanoma: a case report. [Article in Spanish] An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am 1996;23(3):285-91. [Abstract]
• 68. Peng RQ, Wu GH, Chen WK, Ding Y, Ma J, Zhang NH, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary nasal mucosal melanoma-a report of 44 cases. [Article in Chinese] Ai Zheng 2006;25(10):1284-6. [Abstract]
• 69. Barton RT. Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 1975;85(1):93-9.