Lider-Üye Etkileşimi ile Çalışanların İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine: Lidere Duyulan Güvenin Aracılık Rolünün İncelenmesi

Öz

İşten ayrılma davranışlarının en önemli belirleyicisi olarak bir çalışanın işten ayrılma niyeti, o çalışanın fiili işten ayrılma davranışının en güçlü yordayıcılarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ekonomik imkanlar, kişisel ve işle ilgili faktörler çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerinde önemli rol oynayabilmektedir. Dahası, literatürde çalışanlar ve yöneticileri (yani liderler) arasındaki ikili ilişkilerin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biri olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Mevcut literatürde lider ve astları arasındaki etkileşimler ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan çalışmalar bulunsa da, lider-üye etkileşimi ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki bu ilişkinin nasıl ortaya çıktığının teoriye dayalı ilgili mekanizmaları ile birlikte açıklanmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Dahası, güvenin yönetici ve çalışan arasındaki ilişkilerin kalitesini belirleyen önemli bir faktör olduğu dikkate alındığında, mevcut literatürde lider-üye etkileşiminin kalitesinin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetleri üzerinde hangi yollarla etkilerde bulunduğunu araştıran çalışmalar içerisinde lidere duyulan güveni aracı bir mekanizma olarak inceleyen herhangi bir çalışmanın bulunmayışı da oldukça şaşırtıcıdır. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışma, lider-üye etkileşiminin kalitesi ile çalışanın işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl ortaya çıktığının net bir resmini oluşturulabilmek üzere ‘lidere duyulan güven’in aracılık etkisini incelemektedir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu ilişkinin daha net bir resmini çizebilmek için sosyal mübadele ve lider-üye etkileşimi teorilerinden faydalanmaktadır. Araştırmanın hipotezini test etmek amacıyla, Muğla ilinde faaliyet gösteren çeşitli otellerde çalışan ve farklı görevler yürüten 217 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Anket yöntemiyle toplanan verilerin analizinde Hayes tarafından SPSS/SAS için geliştirilen PROCESS makro ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmış, böylece doğrudan ve dolaylı etkiler hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, lidere duyulan güvenin lider-üye etkileşimi kalitesi ve çalışanın işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularının, ilgili literatürdeki boşluğu doldurabilecek kuramsal katkısına ilave olarak, konaklama sektöründeki nitelikli iş gücünün muhafaza edilmesine de pratik bağlamda yardımcı olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lider-üye etkileşimi (LMX)
• işten ayrılma niyeti
• lidere duyulan güven
• konaklama sektörü
• otel işletmeleri

On the Relationship Between Leader-Member Exchange and Employees’ Turnover Intentions: Examination of Mediation Role of Trust in Leader

Öz

As the most important determinant of turnover behaviors, an employee’s intention to leave his/her job stands out as one of the strongest predictors of that employee’s actual turnover behavior. Economic opportunities, personal and work-related factors can play an important role in employees’ intention to leave. Moreover, it is suggested in the literature that dyadic relationships between employees and their managers (i.e. leaders) are one of the important factors affecting that turnover intention. Although there are studies focusing on the relationship between leader-member exchange and turnover intention in the current literature, there is a need to explain how this relationship between leadermember exchange and turnover intention emerges, together with the related theoretical mechanisms. Considering that trust is an important factor determining the quality of relationships between managers and employees, it is however quite surprising that among studies in the existing literature investigating the ways how the quality of leader-member interactions affects employees’ turnover intentions, there is no study that examines trust in the leader as a mediating mechanism. In this context, the current study examines the mediating effect of trust in leader in order to draw a clear picture of the relationship between the quality of leadermember interaction and the employee’s intention to leave. This study makes use of social exchange and leader-member exchange theories to draw a clearer picture of this relationship. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, the data collected from 217 participants working in various hotels operating in Muğla province and carrying out different tasks were analyzed. In the analysis of the data collected by the survey method, PROCESS macro for SPSS/SAS developed by Hayes and regression analyses were used, so that direct and indirect effects were calculated. The findings of the study confirm that trust in leader mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange quality and employee turnover intention. In addition to its theoretical contribution that can fill the gap in the relevant literature, it is thought that the findings of this study may also help to retain the qualified workforce in the hospitality sector in the practical context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leader-member exchange (LMX)
• turnover intention
• trust in leader
• hospitality sector
• hotel businesses

Kaynakça

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