Türkiye’deki Genç Yetişkinlerde Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışıyla İlişkili Psikolojik Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

Öz

Kendine zarar verme davranışı (KZVD) bireyin kendi vücut dokusuna kasıtlı olarak ve intihar amacı olmaksızın uyguladığı zarar verici davranışları içerir. KZVD özellikle genç bireyler arasında sıkça görülmekte olup gelecekteki intihar davranışlarını yordama ihtimaline sahiptir. Alanyazında KZVD’ye yönelik artan bir araştırma ilgisi olsa da KZVD hala tam olarak anlaşılamamış karmaşık bir durumdur. Bunun yanında, Batı toplumları dışında KZVD’ye yönelik çalışmalar azınlıktadır. KZVD’nin faydalar ve engeller modeline göre (Hooley ve Franklin, 2018) kendini cezalandırma ve duygudurumu iyileştirme gibi faydalar bireylerin kendine zarar verici davranışı başlatmalarında rol oynarken, acı hissi ve kendine yönelik olumlu bakış açısı gibi engeller KZVD’yi önleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, faydalar ve engeller modelinden yola çıkılarak, çeşitli psikolojik değişkenlerin (duygu düzenlemede güçlükler, olumlu duygulanım, olumsuz duygulanım, düşünceleri bastırma, öz-eleştiri ve öz-şefkat) KZVD ile göreceli ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya toplam 353 genç yetişkin (KZVD grubu n = 158; KZVD’si olmayan grup n = 195) çevrimiçi anketleri doldurarak katılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları KZVD’nin bu örneklemde yaygın ve tekrarlayıcı nitelikte olduğunu göstermektedir. Yaraların iyileşmesine engel olma en sık rapor edilen davranıştır. Tüm çalışma değişkenleri arasında, duygusal tepkileri kabul etmeme, öz-eleştiri ve daha düşük öz-şefkatin KZVD ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Tüm faktörler denkleme eklendiğinde olumlu ve olumsuz duygulanım, düşünceleri bastırma ve duygu düzenleme güçlüklerinin geri kalan beş alt-boyutu KZVD ile ilişkili bulunmamıştır. Bu bulgular KZVD’nin pek çok psikolojik değişkenle ilişkili karmaşık bir durum olduğunu ve bu sebeple önleme ve tedavi çalışmalarının birden fazla noktaya odaklanması gerekebileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışma bulgularından yola çıkılarak, duygu düzenleme becerilerini ve öz-şefkati geliştirmenin ve öz-eleştiriyi azaltmanın genç yetişkinlerle çalışırken kullanılacak müdahalelerde önemli hedefler olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kendine zarar verme
• duygu düzenlemede güçlükler
• öz-eleştiri
• öz-şefkat

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Turkish Young Adults: An Investigation of Intrapersonal Factors

Öz

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) includes the actions of individuals that inflict intentional harm to bodily tissues without intent of ending one’s life. NSSI is especially frequent among young individuals and may predict future suicidal acts. Although scholarly attention on NSSI has increased, it remains a poorly understood and complex condition. Furthermore, NSSI among nonwestern populations is under-examined. According to the benefits and barriers model (BBM; Hooley & Franklin, 2018) of NSSI, benefits, such as self-punishment and affect improvement, play a role in the initiation of NSSI, while barriers, such as pain and a positive view of the self, play a role in its prevention. The current study uses the framework based on the BBM and explores the relative association between several psychological factors (i.e., emotion dysregulation, negative and positive affect [NA and PA, respectively], thought suppression, self-criticism, and self-compassion) and NSSI. The participants were 353 Turkish young adults (NSSI group: n = 158; no-NSSI group: n = 195) who completed online questionnaires. The results indicated that NSSI was common and repetitive in the sample. The most prevalent NSSI behavior was impeding wound healing. Among the study variables, high levels of nonacceptance of emotional reaction and self-criticism and decreased levels of self-compassion were related to NSSI. PA, NA, thought suppression, and the remaining five dimensions of emotion regulation problems were nonsignificantly linked to NSSI when considering all factors. The results indicate that NSSI is a complex phenomenon associated with various psychological factors, which may require prevention and intervention programs that target multiple aspects. Based on these findings, improving emotion regulation and self-compassion and decreasing self-criticism may be intervention targets for this population.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nonsuicidal self-injury
• emotion dysregulation
• self-criticism
• self-compassion

Kaynakça

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