Nitelikli Kadın Çalışanların Mesai Saatleri Dışındaki Çalışma Süreleri ile İş- Yaşam Dengeleri Arasındaki İlişkide Rol Öneminin Düzenleyici Etkisi

Öz

Günümüzün rekabetçi iş dünyasında, çalışanlar için iş ve iş dışı yaşam alanları arasındaki dengeyi korumak daha da zorlayıcı hale gelmiştir. Özellikle, erkeklere oranla daha fazla yaşam rolü sorumluluğu alan kadın çalışanlar için çalışma saati dışında işe ayrılan zamanın iş ve yaşam dengesini kurmalarında zorluklara neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak, çalışma saati dışında iş faaliyetlerine ayrılan zamanın yanı sıra bireysel tercihlerin de iş ve yaşam dengesi üzerinde dolaylı etkilerinin olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışmada, resmi çalışma saatleri dışında çalışma süresi ile iş-yaşam dengesi algısı arasındaki ilişkide bireysel bir tercih olarak rol belirginliğinin düzenleyici etkisi 145 nitelikli kadın çalışanlardan oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde incelenmiştir. İş-yaşam dengesi algısı, rol belirginliği (iş rolü belirginliği ve iş dışı rol belirginliği), çalışma saatleri dışında iş aktivitelerine ayrılan sürelere ilişkin veriler öz bildirim ölçekleri aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular mesai saatleri dışındaki çalışma süresinin artmasının yalnızca iş rolü belirginliği düşük olan kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi algılarını olumsuz etkilediğini göstermiştir. Sonuçlar ayrıca, mesai saatleri dışındaki çalışma süresinin artmasının yalnızca iş dışı rol belirginliği yüksek olan kadınların iş-yaşam dengesini olumsuz etkilediğini de ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, iş dışı aktivitelere ayrılan zaman ile iş yaşam dengesi arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, bu araştırma mesai saatleri dışındaki çalışma süresinin, iş rolü belirginliği yüksek olan ya da iş dışı rol belirginliği düşük olan kadınların iş-yaşam dengesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Kurumların nitelikli kadın çalışanlarının iş-yaşam dengesi algılarını belirleyen faktörler arasında bireysel tercihlerinden biri olarak görülebilecek iş veya iş dışı rol belirginliğini dikkate almaları ve çalışma koşullarını onların ihtiyaçlarına göre uyarlamaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İş-yaşam dengesi
• iş rolü belirginliği
• iş dışı rol belirginliği
• mesai saatleri dışında çalışma
• nitelikli kadın çalışanlar

The Moderator Effect of Role Salience in the Relationship Between Working Time Outside Office Hours and Work-Life Balance of Women Professionals

Öz

Preserving the balance between work and non-work life domains for employees has become more challenging in today’s competitive work life. Especially for female employees who take more life role responsibilities compared to men, it is argued that the time allocated to work outside work hours may cause difficulties in establishing worklife balance. However, we assumed that besides the working time outside work hours, individual preferences may have an indirect effect on the work-life balance. In this regard, this study examined the moderator effect of the role salience, as an individual preference, in the relationship between working time outside work hours and the perception of work-life balance (WLB) with a sample of 145 female professionals. Perception of WLB, role salience (work salience and non-work salience) and the time allocated to work and non-work activities were evaluated using self-report scales. Findings showed that increased working time outside work hours affected negatively only the WLB of women whose work salience was low. Results also demonstrated that increased working time outside work hours only negatively affected the WLB of women whose non-work salience was high. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between the time allocated to non-work activities and WLB. Overall, this research showed that working time outside work hours did not have negative effects on the WLB of women whose work roles were more salient, or non-work roles were less salient. We recommend that organizations should consider the role salience of their professional women employees, which is an individual preference, among the factors affecting their WLB and adapt their work conditions according to their needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Work-life balance
• work salience
• non-work salience
• working outside work hours
• women professionals

Kaynakça

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