İş Yaşamında Yalnızlık, Tükenmişlik ve İşe Angaje Olma Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Hemşireler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Hemşireler iş yaşamında yalnız hissetmekle birlikte acil durumlar (afetler ve pandemiler gibi), şiddet ve sağlık hizmetlerinin yapısı nedeniyle fiziksel, bilişsel ve duygusal tükenmişlik yaşamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir devlet ve özel hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin iş yaşamında yalnızlık, tükenmişlik ve işe angaje algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı iş yaşamında yalnızlık ile işe angaje olma arasındaki ilişkide tükenmişliğin aracı rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olan bu çalışmanın evrenini Türkiye’nin İstanbul kentinde bulunan bir devlet hastanesi ile bir özel hastanede görev yapan hemşireler oluşturmaktadır (N = 655). Örneklem büyüklüğü; evreni bilinen gruplar için örneklem hesaplama formülü kullanılarak %95 güven düzeyi (1-α), %5 hata payı (alfa (α) anlamlılık düzeyi), %80 test gücü (1-ß); 0,50 olay meydana gelme sıklığı (p) ve 0,50 olay meydana gelmeme sıklığı (q) kullanılarak 243 hemşire olarak belirlenmiştir. Veriler, 18 Nisan ile 20 Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze anket yöntemleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçekler ile ölçüm modelinin yüksek düzeyde geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir. Veriler, SPSS 27.0 ve Smart PLS v.3.2.9 programları kullanılarak analiz edildi. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda iş yerinde yalnızlık ile tükenmişlik arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon; iş yerinde yalnızlık ile işe angaje olma arasında orta düzeyde negatif bir korelasyon ve işe angaje olma ile tükenmişlik arasında ise yüksek düzeyde negatif bir korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur. İş yerinde yalnızlık tükenmişlikteki varyansın %36'sını, işe angaje olmadaki varyansın ise %70'ini açıklarken; tükenmişlik, işe angaje olmadaki varyansın 67%’ini açıklamaktadır. İş yerinde yalnızlık, tükenmişlik aracılığıyla işe angaje olmayı daha da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Hemşirelerin, olumsuz ruh sağlığı koşullarının ortaya çıkmasından önce meslek hayatları boyunca sosyal beceriler ve ilgili yeterlilikler kazanmalarını sağlamak önemlidir ve tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çalışan psikolojisi
• iş yaşamında yalnızlık
• tükenmişlik
• işe angaje olma
• sağlık yönetimi

An Examination of the Relationship Between Loneliness at Work, Burnout and Work Engagement: A Research on Nurses

Öz

Nurses feel lonely in their work life, and due to emergencies (such as disasters and pandemics), violence, and the structure of healthcare services, they experience physical, cognitive, and emotional burnout. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between nurses’ perceptions of loneliness at work, burnout, and work engagement in public and private hospitals. Another aim of the study is to reveal the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between loneliness at work and work engagement. The population of this cross-sectional and descriptive study consists of nurses working at a state hospital and a private hospital in Istanbul, Turkey (N = 655). The sample size was determined using the sample calculation formula for known populations, with a 95% confidence level (1-α), a 5% margin of error (significance level α), and 80% power (1-β); 0.50 probability of the event occurring (p) and 0.50 probability of the event not occurring (q), the sample size was determined to be 243 nurses.The data were collected between 18 April and 20 May 2022 using online and face-to-face survey methods. It was determined that the measurement model and the scales used in the study are highly valid and reliable. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Smart PLS v.3.2.9 programme. According to the correlation analysis, there is a moderate positive correlation between workplace loneliness and burnout, a moderate negative correlation between workplace loneliness and work engagement, and a strong negative correlation between work engagement and burnout. While loneliness at work explains 36% of the variance in burnout and 70% of the variance in work engagement, burnout explains 67% of the variance in work engagement. Loneliness at work further undermines work engagement by worsening burnout. It is important and recommended to ensure that nurses acquire social skills and relevant competencies throughout their professional lives before the onset of adverse mental health conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Employee psychology
• loneliness at work
• burnout
• work engagement
• healthcare management

Kaynakça

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