Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Scale: Adaptation to Social Media Context and Testing its Psychometric Properties

Yıl 2022, , 71 - 103, 29.04.2022

Fatih Çelik , Behçet Yalın Özkara

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-838539

Öz

With the emergence of the concept of fear of missing out (FoMO), the number of academic publications on this subject continues to increase. Although individuals generally experience the FoMO feeling in the context of social media, the scales used for the operationalization of FoMO do not directly focus on this context. Moreover, in the previous studies of FoMO scales adapted to Turkish, the psychometric characteristics had not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, adapting a FoMO scale to Turkish in the context of social media, which is robust in terms of psychometric characteristics, can address this gap. This study aims to adapt the new and updated FoMO scale (Zhang et al., 2020) to Turkish in the context of social media. Two samples of data were collected from participants across Turkey, who are over 18 years and are social media users, by using an online survey. An exploratory factor analysis was used for the first sample (N = 251) and a two-factor structure emerged as personal and social FoMO similar to the original updated scale. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the second sample (N = 353); goodness of fit values of the model were sufficient and thus the scale and its two-factor structure were confirmed. The scale was further found to have convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, the goodness of fit values of the model were found to be at a sufficient level because of the second-order CFA, wherein FoMO is a higher-order construct. Furthermore, the path analysis was conducted to evaluate the antecedent variables of FoMO. FoMO positively predicted smartphone addiction, average daily social media usage time, and average daily social media checking frequency. An analysis of the data collected from both samples revealed the internal consistency and composite reliability of the scale, and all items in the scale could be distinguished by the participants. Therefore, this study makes significant contributions to the use of the updated FoMO scale as a valid and reliable measurement tool in examining FoMO in the social media context

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fear of missing out FoMO social media scale adaptation

Kaynakça

  • Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L. ve Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(1), 33-44. doi:10.19030/ jber.v14i1.9554 google scholar
  • Al-Menayes, J. J. (2016). The fear of missing out scale: Validation of the Arabic version and correlation with social media addiction. International Journal ofApplied Psychology, 6(2), 41-46. doi:10.5923/j.ijap.20160602.04 google scholar
  • Alt, D. (2015). College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057 google scholar
  • Aral, S. ve Walker, D. (2012). Identifying influential and susceptible members of social networks. Science, 337(6092), 337-341. doi:10.1126/science.1215842 google scholar
  • Argan, M. ve Tokay-Argan, M. (2018). Fomsumerism: A theoretical framework. International Journal ofMarketing Studies, 10(2), 109-117. google scholar
  • Argan, M., Tokay-Argan, M. ve İpek, G. (2018). Keşke olsaydım! Bir fomo tüketicinin (fomsumer) anatomisi. İnternet Uygulamaları ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 9(1), 43-57. google scholar
  • Bacanlı, Y . (2003). Mesleki grup rehberliğinin benlik ve meslek kavramlarının bağdaşımına etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 35, 336-359. google scholar
  • Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H. ve LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: Relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 275282. doi:10.1037/tps0000075 google scholar
  • Balta, S., Emirtekin, E., Kircaburun, K. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: The mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic Instagram use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 628-639. doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9959-8 google scholar
  • Bandalos, D. L. ve Finney, S. R. (2019). Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory. G. R. Hancock, L. M. Stapleton ve R. O. Mueller (Ed.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (2. baskı, s. 98-122.) içinde. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Barry, C. T. ve Wong, M. Y. (2020). Fear of missing out (FoMO): A generational phenomenon or an individual difference? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(12), 2952-2966. doi:10.1177/0265407520945394 google scholar
  • Baumeister, R. F. ve Tice, D. M. (1990). Point-Counterpoints: Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 165-195. google scholar
  • Beyens, I., Frison, E. ve Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083 google scholar
  • Blachnio, A. ve Przepiorka, A. (2018). Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, narcissism, and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 259, 514-519. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2017.11.012 google scholar
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C. ve Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality andIndividualDifferences, 116, 69-72. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039 google scholar
  • Bright, L. F. ve Logan, K. (2018). Is my fear of missing out (FOMO) causing fatigue? Advertising, social media fatigue, and the implications for consumers and brands. Internet Research, 28(5), 1213-1227. doi:10.1108/IntR-03-2017-0112 google scholar
  • Browne, B. L., Aruguete, M. S., McCutcheon, L. E. ve Medina, A. M. (2018). Social and emotional correlates of the fear of missing out. North American Journal of Psychology, 20(2), 341-353. google scholar
  • Buglass, S. L., Binder, J. F., Betts, L. R. ve Underwood, J. D. M. (2017). Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and FOMO. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 248-255. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.055 google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3. basım). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Can, G. ve Satici, S. A. (2019). Adaptation of fear of missing out scale (FoMOs): Turkish version validity and reliability study. Psicologia: Reflexao e Cntica, 32(1), 3. doi:10.1186/s41155-019-0117-4 google scholar
  • Casale, S. ve Fioravanti, G. (2020). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the fear of missing out scale in emerging adults and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 102. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106179 google scholar
  • Casale, S. ve Gordon, L. F. (2020). Interpersonally-based fears during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reflections on the fear of missing out and the fear of not mattering constructs. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 88-93. doi:10.36131/CN20200211 google scholar
  • Chen, K. ve Cheung, H. L. (2019). Unlocking the power of ephemeral content: The roles of motivations, gratification, need for closure, and engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.007 google scholar
  • Chinchanachokchai, S. ve De Gregorio, F. (2020). A consumer socialization approach to understanding advertising avoidance on social media. Journal of Business Research, 110, 474-483. doi:10.1016/j. jbusres.2020.01.062. google scholar
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V. ve Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018 google scholar
  • Conlin, L., Billings, A. C. ve Averset, L. (2016). Time-shifting vs. appointment viewing: The role of fear of missing out within TV consumption behaviors. Communication & Society, 29(4), 151-164. doi:10.15581/003.29.4.151-164 google scholar
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G. ve Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.1.16 google scholar
  • Çelik, F. ve Diker, E. (2021). Covid-19 sürecinde depresyon, stres, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve zorlayıcı sosyal medya kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiler. Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 17-43, doi: 10.31682/ayna.783472 google scholar
  • D’Lima, P. ve Higgins, A. (2021). Social media engagement and fear of missing out (FOMO) in primary school children. Educational Psychology in Practice, 37(3), 302-338. doi:10.1080/02667363.202 1.1947200 google scholar
  • Dağlı, A. ve Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğl’nln Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250-1262. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229 google scholar
  • Dempsey, A. E., O’Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F. ve Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) google scholar
  • and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150 google scholar
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of'PeroonaiityAssessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 google scholar
  • Dogan, V. (2019). Why do people experience the fear of missing out (FoMO)? Exposing the link between the self and the FoMO through self-construal. Journai of Cross-Cuiturai Psychoiogy, 50(4), 524-538. doi:10.1177/0022022119839145 google scholar
  • Duman, H. ve Ozkara, B. Y. (2019). The impact of social identity on online game addiction: The mediating role of the fear of missing out (FoMO) and the moderating role of the need to belong. Current Psychoiogy, 40(9), 4571-4580. doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00392-w google scholar
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H. ve Montag, C. (2020). Fear of missing out (FOMO): Overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. Braziiian Journai ofPsychiatry, 43(2), 203-209. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0870 google scholar
  • Erdoğan, P. ve Şanlı, Y. (2019). Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinde genel özyeterliliğin gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu üzerine etkisi. OPUS-Uiusiararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(20), 594620. doi:10.26466/opus.595661 google scholar
  • Fabris, M. A., Marengo, D., Longobardi, C. ve Settanni, M. (2020). Investigating the links between fear of missing out, social media addiction, and emotional symptoms in adolescence: The role of stress associated with neglect and negative reactions on social media. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106364. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106364 google scholar
  • Fang, J., Wang, X., Wen, Z. ve Zhou, J. (2020). Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106430. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106430 google scholar
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: And sex, drugs and rock “N” roii. Sage Pubiications (3. Basım). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journai of Marketing Research, 18(1), 382-388. doi:10.2307/3151312 google scholar
  • Fox, J. ve Moreland, J. J. (2015). The dark side of social networking sites: An exploration of the relational and psychological stressors associated with Facebook use and affordances. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 168-176. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083 google scholar
  • Fuster, H., Chamarro, A. ve Oberst, U. (2017). Fear of Missing Out, online social networking and mobile phone addiction: A latent profile approach. Aioma: revista de psicoiogia, ciencies de i’educacio i de i’esport Bianquerna, 35(1), 23-30. google scholar
  • Gökler, M. E., Aydin, R., Ünal, E. ve Metintaş, S. (2016). Sosyal Ortamlarda Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Ölçeğinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerlik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadoiu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17(1), 53-59. doi:10.5455/apd.195843 google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2019). Muitivariate data anaiysis. Cengage iearning (8. basım.). Andover: Cengage. google scholar
  • Heggestad, E. D., Scheaf, D. J., Banks, G. C., Monroe Hausfeld, M., Tonidandel, S. ve Williams, E. B. (2019). Scale adaptation in organizational science research: A review and best-practice recommendations. Journai of Management, 45(6), 2596-2627. doi:10.1177/0149206319850280 google scholar
  • Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2). 179-185. google scholar
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: google scholar
  • Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
  • Jood, T. E. (2017). Missing the present of the unknown: The relationship between Fear of missing out (FoMO) and life satisfaction (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). University of South Africa. google scholar
  • Kang, I., Son, J. ve Koo, J. (2019). Evaluation of culturally symbolic brand: The role of “fear of missing out” phenomenon. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 31(3), 270-286. doi:10.1080/08 961530.2018.1520670 google scholar
  • Kemp, S. (2022a, 26 Ocak). Digital 2022: Global overview report.. Erişim Adresi: https://datareportal. com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=Social_ Media&utm_campaign=Digital_2022&utm_content=eskimon_Twitter_Post_2022_01_26_02 google scholar
  • Kemp, S. (2022b, 15 Şubat). Digital 2022: Turkey. Erişim Adresi: https://datareportal.com/reports/ digital-2022-turkey?rq=turkey google scholar
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. Basım). New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H. ve Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0083558 google scholar
  • Lai, C., Altavilla, D., Ronconi, A. ve Aceto, P. (2016). Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 516-521. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.072 google scholar
  • Larkin, B. A. ve Fink, J. S. (2016). Fantasy sport, FoMO, and traditional fandom: How second-screen use of social media allows fans to accommodate multiple identities. Journal of Sport Management, 30(6), 643-655. doi:10.1123/jsm.2015-0344 google scholar
  • Ledesma, R. D. ve Valero-Mora, P. (2007). Determining the number of factors to retain in EFA: An easy-to-use computer program for carrying out parallel analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 12(2), 1-11. google scholar
  • Leech, L. N., Barrett, C. K. ve Morgan, A. G. (2019). IBM SPSS for intermediate Statistics: Use and interpretation. Routledge (5. Basım). New York. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 google scholar
  • Manata, B. ve Spottswood, E. (2021). Extending Rice et al. (2017): The measurement of social media affordances. Behaviour & Information Technology, 105, 1-14. doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1875264. google scholar
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396. doi: 10.1037/h0054346 google scholar
  • Metin, B., Pehlivan, R. ve Tarhan, N. (2017). Üsküdar Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 4(2), 40-46. google scholar
  • Müller, S. M., Wegmann, E., Stolze, D. ve Brand, M. (2020). Maximizing social outcomes? Social zapping and fear of missing out mediate the effects of maximization and procrastination on problematic social networks use. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106296. doi:10.1016/j. chb.2020.106296 google scholar
  • Nicolaisen, M. ve Thorsen, K. (2014). Who are lonely? Loneliness in different age groups (18-81 years old), using two measures of loneliness. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 78(3), 229-257. doi: 10.2190/AG.78.3.b google scholar
  • Noar, S. M. (2003). The role of structural equation modeling in scale development. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(4), 622-647. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1004_8 google scholar
  • Noyan, C., Darcin, A., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O. ve Dilbaz, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version among university students. google scholar
  • Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 73. doi:10.5455/apd.176101 google scholar
  • Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M. ve Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51-60. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008 google scholar
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual. McGraw-Hill (6. Basım). Berkshire: Open University Press. google scholar
  • Peytchev, A. ve Peytcheva, E. (2017). Reduction of measurement error due to survey length: Evaluation of the split questionnaire design approach. Survey Research Methods, 11(4), 361-368. doi:10.18148/ srm/2017.v11i4.7145 google scholar
  • Pituch, K. A. ve Stevens, J. P. (2016). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM’s SPSS (6. Basım). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R. ve Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014 google scholar
  • Reer, F., Tang, W. Y. ve Quandt, T. (2019). Psychosocial well-being and social media engagement: The mediating roles of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1486-1505. doi:10.1177/1461444818823719 google scholar
  • Riordan, B. C., Cody, L., Flett, J. A. M., Conner, T. S., Hunter, J. ve Scarf, D. (2020). The development of a single item FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) Scale. Current Psychology, 39(4), 1215-1220. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9824-8 google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York, NY: Basic. google scholar
  • Rozgonjuk, D., Elhai, J. D., Ryan, T. ve Scott, G. G. (2019). Fear of missing out is associated with disrupted activities from receiving smartphone notifications and surface learning in college students. Computers and Education, 140(May). doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.05.016 google scholar
  • Sette, C. P., Lima, N. R. S., Queluz, F. N. F. R., Ferrari, B. L. ve Hauck, N. (2020). The Online Fear of Missing out Inventory (ON-FoMO): Development and validation of a new tool. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(1), 20-29. doi:10.1007/s41347-019-00110-0 google scholar
  • Sha, P., Sariyska, R., Riedl, R., Lachmann, B. ve Montag, C. (2019). Linking internet communication and smartphone use disorder by taking a closer look at the Facebook and WhatsApp applications. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100148. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100148 google scholar
  • Shen, Y., Zhang, S. ve Xin, T. (2020). Extrinsic academic motivation and social media fatigue: Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators. Current Psychology, 1-17. doi:10.1007/ s12144-020-01219-9 google scholar
  • Song, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y. C. ve Song, S. (2017). Fearing of missing out ( FoMO) in mobile social media environment: Conceptual development and measurement scale. iConference 2017 Proceedings (s. 733-738) içinde. doi:10.9776/17330 google scholar
  • Swank, J. M. ve Mullen, P. R. (2017). Evaluating evidence for conceptually related constructs using bivariate correlations. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 50(4), 270274. doi:10.1080/07481756.2017.1339562 google scholar
  • Şahin, E. ve Çavuş, B. F. (2020). Sosyal medya algısı ve FoMO’nun tüketici satın alma davranışına etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma: Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi örneği. Fırat Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 149182. google scholar
  • Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Zafar, N. ve Alrasheedy, M. (2019). Why do people share fake news? Associations between the dark side of social media use and fake news sharing behavior. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 72-82. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.026 google scholar
  • Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Dhir, A. ve Mantymaki, M. (2020). Sleepless due to social media? Investigating problematic sleep due to social media and social media sleep hygiene. Computers in Human Behavior, 113. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106487 google scholar
  • Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Almugren, I., AlNemer, G. N. ve Mantymaki, M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: A systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research. Internet Research, 31(3), 782-821. doi:10.1108/intr-11-2019-0455 google scholar
  • Throuvala, M. A., Pontes, H. M., Tsaousis, I., Griffiths, M. D., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2021). Exploring the dimensions of smartphone distraction: Development, validation, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences of the smartphone distraction scale (SDS). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642634 google scholar
  • Tomczyk, L. ve Selmanagic-Lizde, E. (2018). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) among youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Scale and selected mechanisms. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 541549. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.048 google scholar
  • Tunçel, N. ve Kavak, B. (2016). Sosyal dışlanmanın etik olmayan tüketici davranışı gösterme eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Deneysel bir çalışma. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 47-75. google scholar
  • Uram, P. ve Skalski, S. (2020). Still logged in? The link between Facebook addiction, FoMO, self-esteem, life satisfaction and loneliness in social media users. Psychological Reports, 125(1), 218231. doi:10.1177/0033294120980970 google scholar
  • Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrka, 41, 321-327. google scholar
  • Wang, J. ve Wang, X. (2020). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus (2. Basım). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. google scholar
  • Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B. ve Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33-42. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001 google scholar
  • Wortham, J. (2011, 9 Nisan). Feel like a wallflower? Maybe it’s your Facebook wall. Erişim Adresi: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/10/business/10ping.html google scholar
  • Zhang, Z. (2018). Fear of missing out: Scale development and impact on brand loyalty. (Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi). The University of Texas at El Paso. google scholar
  • Zhang, Z., Jimenez, F. R. ve Cicala, J. E. (2020). Fear Of missing out scale: A self-concept perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 37(11), 1619-1634. doi:10.1002/mar.21406 google scholar

Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması

Yıl 2022, , 71 - 103, 29.04.2022

Fatih Çelik , Behçet Yalın Özkara

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-838539

Öz

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (FoMO) kavramının ortaya çıkması ile bu konudaki akademik yayın sayısı önemli ölçüde artmaya devam etmektedir. Bireyler FoMO duygusunu genellikle sosyal medya bağlamında yaşıyor olsa da FoMO’yu değerlendirmek için kullanılan ölçeklerin sosyal medya bağlamını doğrudan odağa almadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca Türkçeye uyarlanmış FoMO ölçeklerinin psikometrik özelliklerinin yeterince sınanmadığı söylenebilir. Bundan dolayı, psikometrik özellikleri açısından güçlü ve sosyal medya bağlamında olan bir FoMO ölçeğinin Türkçe alanyazına kazandırılması bu eksiliği giderebilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası alanyazında geliştirilen Güncel Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) ölçeğini (Zhang ve ark., 2020) sosyal medya bağlamında Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Türkiye genelinde 18 yaş üstü sosyal medya kullanan kişilerden oluşan iki ayrı örneklemden çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmıştır. Birinci örneklemden (N = 251), elde edilen verilerile FoMO ölçeğinin açımlayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda, ölçeğin orijinalindeki gibi kişisel FoMO ve sosyal FoMO olmak üzere iki faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında, ikinci örneklem (N = 353) ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Bu analiz sonucuna göre, ölçeğin yer aldığı modelin uyum indeksi değerlerinin yeterli seviyede olduğu ve bu şekliyle ölçeğin ve iki faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin birleşim ve ayrışım geçerliğine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, FoMO’nun üst yapı olduğu ikinci düzey DFA sonucunda da modelin uyum indeksi değerlerinin yeterli seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, FoMO’nun öncül değişken rolünü test etmek için gerçekleştirilen yol analizine göre, FoMO akıllı telefon bağımlığı, günlük ortalama sosyal medya kullanım süresi ve günlük ortalama sosyal medya kontrol etme sıklığını pozitif olarak yordamaktadır. Öte yandan, her iki örneklemden toplanan verilerle yapılan analizler sonucunda içsel tutarlılık ve birleşik güvenirlik açısından ölçümün güvenilir ve madde analizleri neticesinde ölçekte yer alan tüm maddelerin ayırt edici olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma sosyal medya bağlamında FoMO’yu incelemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak ilgili ölçeğin kullanılabileceğine yönelik anlamlı katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu FoMO sosyal medya ölçek uyarlama

Kaynakça

  • Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L. ve Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(1), 33-44. doi:10.19030/ jber.v14i1.9554 google scholar
  • Al-Menayes, J. J. (2016). The fear of missing out scale: Validation of the Arabic version and correlation with social media addiction. International Journal ofApplied Psychology, 6(2), 41-46. doi:10.5923/j.ijap.20160602.04 google scholar
  • Alt, D. (2015). College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057 google scholar
  • Aral, S. ve Walker, D. (2012). Identifying influential and susceptible members of social networks. Science, 337(6092), 337-341. doi:10.1126/science.1215842 google scholar
  • Argan, M. ve Tokay-Argan, M. (2018). Fomsumerism: A theoretical framework. International Journal ofMarketing Studies, 10(2), 109-117. google scholar
  • Argan, M., Tokay-Argan, M. ve İpek, G. (2018). Keşke olsaydım! Bir fomo tüketicinin (fomsumer) anatomisi. İnternet Uygulamaları ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 9(1), 43-57. google scholar
  • Bacanlı, Y . (2003). Mesleki grup rehberliğinin benlik ve meslek kavramlarının bağdaşımına etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 35, 336-359. google scholar
  • Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H. ve LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: Relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 275282. doi:10.1037/tps0000075 google scholar
  • Balta, S., Emirtekin, E., Kircaburun, K. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: The mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic Instagram use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 628-639. doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9959-8 google scholar
  • Bandalos, D. L. ve Finney, S. R. (2019). Factor Analysis: Exploratory and Confirmatory. G. R. Hancock, L. M. Stapleton ve R. O. Mueller (Ed.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (2. baskı, s. 98-122.) içinde. New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Barry, C. T. ve Wong, M. Y. (2020). Fear of missing out (FoMO): A generational phenomenon or an individual difference? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(12), 2952-2966. doi:10.1177/0265407520945394 google scholar
  • Baumeister, R. F. ve Tice, D. M. (1990). Point-Counterpoints: Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 165-195. google scholar
  • Beyens, I., Frison, E. ve Eggermont, S. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083 google scholar
  • Blachnio, A. ve Przepiorka, A. (2018). Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, narcissism, and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 259, 514-519. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2017.11.012 google scholar
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C. ve Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality andIndividualDifferences, 116, 69-72. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.039 google scholar
  • Bright, L. F. ve Logan, K. (2018). Is my fear of missing out (FOMO) causing fatigue? Advertising, social media fatigue, and the implications for consumers and brands. Internet Research, 28(5), 1213-1227. doi:10.1108/IntR-03-2017-0112 google scholar
  • Browne, B. L., Aruguete, M. S., McCutcheon, L. E. ve Medina, A. M. (2018). Social and emotional correlates of the fear of missing out. North American Journal of Psychology, 20(2), 341-353. google scholar
  • Buglass, S. L., Binder, J. F., Betts, L. R. ve Underwood, J. D. M. (2017). Motivators of online vulnerability: The impact of social network site use and FOMO. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 248-255. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.055 google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3. basım). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Can, G. ve Satici, S. A. (2019). Adaptation of fear of missing out scale (FoMOs): Turkish version validity and reliability study. Psicologia: Reflexao e Cntica, 32(1), 3. doi:10.1186/s41155-019-0117-4 google scholar
  • Casale, S. ve Fioravanti, G. (2020). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the fear of missing out scale in emerging adults and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 102. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106179 google scholar
  • Casale, S. ve Gordon, L. F. (2020). Interpersonally-based fears during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reflections on the fear of missing out and the fear of not mattering constructs. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 88-93. doi:10.36131/CN20200211 google scholar
  • Chen, K. ve Cheung, H. L. (2019). Unlocking the power of ephemeral content: The roles of motivations, gratification, need for closure, and engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.007 google scholar
  • Chinchanachokchai, S. ve De Gregorio, F. (2020). A consumer socialization approach to understanding advertising avoidance on social media. Journal of Business Research, 110, 474-483. doi:10.1016/j. jbusres.2020.01.062. google scholar
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V. ve Douglas, K. M. (2016). How “phubbing” becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 9-18. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.018 google scholar
  • Conlin, L., Billings, A. C. ve Averset, L. (2016). Time-shifting vs. appointment viewing: The role of fear of missing out within TV consumption behaviors. Communication & Society, 29(4), 151-164. doi:10.15581/003.29.4.151-164 google scholar
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G. ve Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.1.16 google scholar
  • Çelik, F. ve Diker, E. (2021). Covid-19 sürecinde depresyon, stres, gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu ve zorlayıcı sosyal medya kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiler. Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 17-43, doi: 10.31682/ayna.783472 google scholar
  • D’Lima, P. ve Higgins, A. (2021). Social media engagement and fear of missing out (FOMO) in primary school children. Educational Psychology in Practice, 37(3), 302-338. doi:10.1080/02667363.202 1.1947200 google scholar
  • Dağlı, A. ve Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğl’nln Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250-1262. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229 google scholar
  • Dempsey, A. E., O’Brien, K. D., Tiamiyu, M. F. ve Elhai, J. D. (2019). Fear of missing out (FoMO) google scholar
  • and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100150. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150 google scholar
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of'PeroonaiityAssessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 google scholar
  • Dogan, V. (2019). Why do people experience the fear of missing out (FoMO)? Exposing the link between the self and the FoMO through self-construal. Journai of Cross-Cuiturai Psychoiogy, 50(4), 524-538. doi:10.1177/0022022119839145 google scholar
  • Duman, H. ve Ozkara, B. Y. (2019). The impact of social identity on online game addiction: The mediating role of the fear of missing out (FoMO) and the moderating role of the need to belong. Current Psychoiogy, 40(9), 4571-4580. doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00392-w google scholar
  • Elhai, J. D., Yang, H. ve Montag, C. (2020). Fear of missing out (FOMO): Overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. Braziiian Journai ofPsychiatry, 43(2), 203-209. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0870 google scholar
  • Erdoğan, P. ve Şanlı, Y. (2019). Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinde genel özyeterliliğin gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu üzerine etkisi. OPUS-Uiusiararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(20), 594620. doi:10.26466/opus.595661 google scholar
  • Fabris, M. A., Marengo, D., Longobardi, C. ve Settanni, M. (2020). Investigating the links between fear of missing out, social media addiction, and emotional symptoms in adolescence: The role of stress associated with neglect and negative reactions on social media. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106364. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106364 google scholar
  • Fang, J., Wang, X., Wen, Z. ve Zhou, J. (2020). Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106430. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106430 google scholar
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: And sex, drugs and rock “N” roii. Sage Pubiications (3. Basım). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journai of Marketing Research, 18(1), 382-388. doi:10.2307/3151312 google scholar
  • Fox, J. ve Moreland, J. J. (2015). The dark side of social networking sites: An exploration of the relational and psychological stressors associated with Facebook use and affordances. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 168-176. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.083 google scholar
  • Fuster, H., Chamarro, A. ve Oberst, U. (2017). Fear of Missing Out, online social networking and mobile phone addiction: A latent profile approach. Aioma: revista de psicoiogia, ciencies de i’educacio i de i’esport Bianquerna, 35(1), 23-30. google scholar
  • Gökler, M. E., Aydin, R., Ünal, E. ve Metintaş, S. (2016). Sosyal Ortamlarda Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Ölçeğinin Türkçe sürümünün geçerlik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadoiu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17(1), 53-59. doi:10.5455/apd.195843 google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2019). Muitivariate data anaiysis. Cengage iearning (8. basım.). Andover: Cengage. google scholar
  • Heggestad, E. D., Scheaf, D. J., Banks, G. C., Monroe Hausfeld, M., Tonidandel, S. ve Williams, E. B. (2019). Scale adaptation in organizational science research: A review and best-practice recommendations. Journai of Management, 45(6), 2596-2627. doi:10.1177/0149206319850280 google scholar
  • Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2). 179-185. google scholar
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: google scholar
  • Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
  • Jood, T. E. (2017). Missing the present of the unknown: The relationship between Fear of missing out (FoMO) and life satisfaction (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). University of South Africa. google scholar
  • Kang, I., Son, J. ve Koo, J. (2019). Evaluation of culturally symbolic brand: The role of “fear of missing out” phenomenon. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 31(3), 270-286. doi:10.1080/08 961530.2018.1520670 google scholar
  • Kemp, S. (2022a, 26 Ocak). Digital 2022: Global overview report.. Erişim Adresi: https://datareportal. com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=Social_ Media&utm_campaign=Digital_2022&utm_content=eskimon_Twitter_Post_2022_01_26_02 google scholar
  • Kemp, S. (2022b, 15 Şubat). Digital 2022: Turkey. Erişim Adresi: https://datareportal.com/reports/ digital-2022-turkey?rq=turkey google scholar
  • Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. Basım). New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
  • Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H. ve Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0083558 google scholar
  • Lai, C., Altavilla, D., Ronconi, A. ve Aceto, P. (2016). Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 516-521. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.072 google scholar
  • Larkin, B. A. ve Fink, J. S. (2016). Fantasy sport, FoMO, and traditional fandom: How second-screen use of social media allows fans to accommodate multiple identities. Journal of Sport Management, 30(6), 643-655. doi:10.1123/jsm.2015-0344 google scholar
  • Ledesma, R. D. ve Valero-Mora, P. (2007). Determining the number of factors to retain in EFA: An easy-to-use computer program for carrying out parallel analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 12(2), 1-11. google scholar
  • Leech, L. N., Barrett, C. K. ve Morgan, A. G. (2019). IBM SPSS for intermediate Statistics: Use and interpretation. Routledge (5. Basım). New York. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 google scholar
  • Manata, B. ve Spottswood, E. (2021). Extending Rice et al. (2017): The measurement of social media affordances. Behaviour & Information Technology, 105, 1-14. doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1875264. google scholar
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396. doi: 10.1037/h0054346 google scholar
  • Metin, B., Pehlivan, R. ve Tarhan, N. (2017). Üsküdar Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 4(2), 40-46. google scholar
  • Müller, S. M., Wegmann, E., Stolze, D. ve Brand, M. (2020). Maximizing social outcomes? Social zapping and fear of missing out mediate the effects of maximization and procrastination on problematic social networks use. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106296. doi:10.1016/j. chb.2020.106296 google scholar
  • Nicolaisen, M. ve Thorsen, K. (2014). Who are lonely? Loneliness in different age groups (18-81 years old), using two measures of loneliness. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 78(3), 229-257. doi: 10.2190/AG.78.3.b google scholar
  • Noar, S. M. (2003). The role of structural equation modeling in scale development. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(4), 622-647. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1004_8 google scholar
  • Noyan, C., Darcin, A., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O. ve Dilbaz, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version among university students. google scholar
  • Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 73. doi:10.5455/apd.176101 google scholar
  • Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M. ve Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51-60. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008 google scholar
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual. McGraw-Hill (6. Basım). Berkshire: Open University Press. google scholar
  • Peytchev, A. ve Peytcheva, E. (2017). Reduction of measurement error due to survey length: Evaluation of the split questionnaire design approach. Survey Research Methods, 11(4), 361-368. doi:10.18148/ srm/2017.v11i4.7145 google scholar
  • Pituch, K. A. ve Stevens, J. P. (2016). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM’s SPSS (6. Basım). New York: Routledge. google scholar
  • Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R. ve Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014 google scholar
  • Reer, F., Tang, W. Y. ve Quandt, T. (2019). Psychosocial well-being and social media engagement: The mediating roles of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1486-1505. doi:10.1177/1461444818823719 google scholar
  • Riordan, B. C., Cody, L., Flett, J. A. M., Conner, T. S., Hunter, J. ve Scarf, D. (2020). The development of a single item FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) Scale. Current Psychology, 39(4), 1215-1220. doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9824-8 google scholar
  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York, NY: Basic. google scholar
  • Rozgonjuk, D., Elhai, J. D., Ryan, T. ve Scott, G. G. (2019). Fear of missing out is associated with disrupted activities from receiving smartphone notifications and surface learning in college students. Computers and Education, 140(May). doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.05.016 google scholar
  • Sette, C. P., Lima, N. R. S., Queluz, F. N. F. R., Ferrari, B. L. ve Hauck, N. (2020). The Online Fear of Missing out Inventory (ON-FoMO): Development and validation of a new tool. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(1), 20-29. doi:10.1007/s41347-019-00110-0 google scholar
  • Sha, P., Sariyska, R., Riedl, R., Lachmann, B. ve Montag, C. (2019). Linking internet communication and smartphone use disorder by taking a closer look at the Facebook and WhatsApp applications. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100148. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100148 google scholar
  • Shen, Y., Zhang, S. ve Xin, T. (2020). Extrinsic academic motivation and social media fatigue: Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators. Current Psychology, 1-17. doi:10.1007/ s12144-020-01219-9 google scholar
  • Song, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, Y. C. ve Song, S. (2017). Fearing of missing out ( FoMO) in mobile social media environment: Conceptual development and measurement scale. iConference 2017 Proceedings (s. 733-738) içinde. doi:10.9776/17330 google scholar
  • Swank, J. M. ve Mullen, P. R. (2017). Evaluating evidence for conceptually related constructs using bivariate correlations. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 50(4), 270274. doi:10.1080/07481756.2017.1339562 google scholar
  • Şahin, E. ve Çavuş, B. F. (2020). Sosyal medya algısı ve FoMO’nun tüketici satın alma davranışına etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma: Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi örneği. Fırat Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 149182. google scholar
  • Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Zafar, N. ve Alrasheedy, M. (2019). Why do people share fake news? Associations between the dark side of social media use and fake news sharing behavior. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 72-82. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.026 google scholar
  • Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Dhir, A. ve Mantymaki, M. (2020). Sleepless due to social media? Investigating problematic sleep due to social media and social media sleep hygiene. Computers in Human Behavior, 113. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106487 google scholar
  • Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Almugren, I., AlNemer, G. N. ve Mantymaki, M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: A systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research. Internet Research, 31(3), 782-821. doi:10.1108/intr-11-2019-0455 google scholar
  • Throuvala, M. A., Pontes, H. M., Tsaousis, I., Griffiths, M. D., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2021). Exploring the dimensions of smartphone distraction: Development, validation, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences of the smartphone distraction scale (SDS). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642634 google scholar
  • Tomczyk, L. ve Selmanagic-Lizde, E. (2018). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) among youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Scale and selected mechanisms. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 541549. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.048 google scholar
  • Tunçel, N. ve Kavak, B. (2016). Sosyal dışlanmanın etik olmayan tüketici davranışı gösterme eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Deneysel bir çalışma. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 47-75. google scholar
  • Uram, P. ve Skalski, S. (2020). Still logged in? The link between Facebook addiction, FoMO, self-esteem, life satisfaction and loneliness in social media users. Psychological Reports, 125(1), 218231. doi:10.1177/0033294120980970 google scholar
  • Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrka, 41, 321-327. google scholar
  • Wang, J. ve Wang, X. (2020). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus (2. Basım). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. google scholar
  • Wegmann, E., Oberst, U., Stodt, B. ve Brand, M. (2017). Online-specific fear of missing out and Internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 5, 33-42. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001 google scholar
  • Wortham, J. (2011, 9 Nisan). Feel like a wallflower? Maybe it’s your Facebook wall. Erişim Adresi: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/10/business/10ping.html google scholar
  • Zhang, Z. (2018). Fear of missing out: Scale development and impact on brand loyalty. (Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi). The University of Texas at El Paso. google scholar
  • Zhang, Z., Jimenez, F. R. ve Cicala, J. E. (2020). Fear Of missing out scale: A self-concept perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 37(11), 1619-1634. doi:10.1002/mar.21406 google scholar
Toplam 95 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Çelik 0000-0002-3765-5284

Behçet Yalın Özkara 0000-0002-4178-832X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, F., & Özkara, B. Y. (2022). Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Studies in Psychology, 42(1), 71-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-838539
AMA Çelik F, Özkara BY. Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Studies in Psychology. Nisan 2022;42(1):71-103. doi:10.26650/SP2021-838539
Chicago Çelik, Fatih, ve Behçet Yalın Özkara. “Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması Ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması”. Studies in Psychology 42, sy. 1 (Nisan 2022): 71-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-838539.
EndNote Çelik F, Özkara BY (01 Nisan 2022) Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Studies in Psychology 42 1 71–103.
IEEE F. Çelik ve B. Y. Özkara, “Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması”, Studies in Psychology, c. 42, sy. 1, ss. 71–103, 2022, doi: 10.26650/SP2021-838539.
ISNAD Çelik, Fatih - Özkara, Behçet Yalın. “Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması Ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması”. Studies in Psychology 42/1 (Nisan 2022), 71-103. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2021-838539.
JAMA Çelik F, Özkara BY. Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Studies in Psychology. 2022;42:71–103.
MLA Çelik, Fatih ve Behçet Yalın Özkara. “Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması Ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması”. Studies in Psychology, c. 42, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 71-103, doi:10.26650/SP2021-838539.
Vancouver Çelik F, Özkara BY. Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Studies in Psychology. 2022;42(1):71-103.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680