Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Scale: Adaptation to Social Media Context and Testing its Psychometric Properties

Öz

With the emergence of the concept of fear of missing out (FoMO), the number of academic publications on this subject continues to increase. Although individuals generally experience the FoMO feeling in the context of social media, the scales used for the operationalization of FoMO do not directly focus on this context. Moreover, in the previous studies of FoMO scales adapted to Turkish, the psychometric characteristics had not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, adapting a FoMO scale to Turkish in the context of social media, which is robust in terms of psychometric characteristics, can address this gap. This study aims to adapt the new and updated FoMO scale (Zhang et al., 2020) to Turkish in the context of social media. Two samples of data were collected from participants across Turkey, who are over 18 years and are social media users, by using an online survey. An exploratory factor analysis was used for the first sample (N = 251) and a two-factor structure emerged as personal and social FoMO similar to the original updated scale. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the second sample (N = 353); goodness of fit values of the model were sufficient and thus the scale and its two-factor structure were confirmed. The scale was further found to have convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, the goodness of fit values of the model were found to be at a sufficient level because of the second-order CFA, wherein FoMO is a higher-order construct. Furthermore, the path analysis was conducted to evaluate the antecedent variables of FoMO. FoMO positively predicted smartphone addiction, average daily social media usage time, and average daily social media checking frequency. An analysis of the data collected from both samples revealed the internal consistency and composite reliability of the scale, and all items in the scale could be distinguished by the participants. Therefore, this study makes significant contributions to the use of the updated FoMO scale as a valid and reliable measurement tool in examining FoMO in the social media context

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fear of missing out
• FoMO
• social media
• scale adaptation

Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği: Sosyal Medya Bağlamına Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması

Öz

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (FoMO) kavramının ortaya çıkması ile bu konudaki akademik yayın sayısı önemli ölçüde artmaya devam etmektedir. Bireyler FoMO duygusunu genellikle sosyal medya bağlamında yaşıyor olsa da FoMO’yu değerlendirmek için kullanılan ölçeklerin sosyal medya bağlamını doğrudan odağa almadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca Türkçeye uyarlanmış FoMO ölçeklerinin psikometrik özelliklerinin yeterince sınanmadığı söylenebilir. Bundan dolayı, psikometrik özellikleri açısından güçlü ve sosyal medya bağlamında olan bir FoMO ölçeğinin Türkçe alanyazına kazandırılması bu eksiliği giderebilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası alanyazında geliştirilen Güncel Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) ölçeğini (Zhang ve ark., 2020) sosyal medya bağlamında Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Türkiye genelinde 18 yaş üstü sosyal medya kullanan kişilerden oluşan iki ayrı örneklemden çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmıştır. Birinci örneklemden (N = 251), elde edilen verilerile FoMO ölçeğinin açımlayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda, ölçeğin orijinalindeki gibi kişisel FoMO ve sosyal FoMO olmak üzere iki faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında, ikinci örneklem (N = 353) ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Bu analiz sonucuna göre, ölçeğin yer aldığı modelin uyum indeksi değerlerinin yeterli seviyede olduğu ve bu şekliyle ölçeğin ve iki faktörlü yapısının doğrulandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin birleşim ve ayrışım geçerliğine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, FoMO’nun üst yapı olduğu ikinci düzey DFA sonucunda da modelin uyum indeksi değerlerinin yeterli seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, FoMO’nun öncül değişken rolünü test etmek için gerçekleştirilen yol analizine göre, FoMO akıllı telefon bağımlığı, günlük ortalama sosyal medya kullanım süresi ve günlük ortalama sosyal medya kontrol etme sıklığını pozitif olarak yordamaktadır. Öte yandan, her iki örneklemden toplanan verilerle yapılan analizler sonucunda içsel tutarlılık ve birleşik güvenirlik açısından ölçümün güvenilir ve madde analizleri neticesinde ölçekte yer alan tüm maddelerin ayırt edici olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma sosyal medya bağlamında FoMO’yu incelemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olarak ilgili ölçeğin kullanılabileceğine yönelik anlamlı katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu
• FoMO
• sosyal medya
• ölçek uyarlama

Kaynakça

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