54-66 Aylık Çocuklarda Olumlu Sosyal Yalan Davranışı ile Zihin Kuramı ve Yönetici İşlevlerin Bağlantıları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2, 129 - 154, 28.12.2018

Neslihan Oğuz Hatice Şeyma Kara

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı olumlu sosyal yalan davranışının (beyaz yalan) zihin kuramı ve yönetici işlevlerle olan bağlantılarının 54-66 aylık çocuklarda incelenmesidir. Katılımcı grubu, İstanbul ilinde yer alan beş okul öncesi devlet ve özel eğitim kurumundaki 54-66 aylık (4.5 - 5.5 yaş) 96 çocuktan (54 erkek, 42 kız) oluşmaktadır. Çocukların olumlu sosyal yalan davranışı iyi resim-kötü resim görevi ve hayal kırıklığına uğratan hediye paradigması ile ölçülmüştür. Zihin kuramı ölçümünde görünüş gerçeklik görevi, beklenmedik içerik görevi ve beklenmedik yer değişikliği görevi; yönetici işlevlerin bileşenlerinden bilişsel esneklik ölçümünde boyut değiştirerek kart eşleme görevi, inhibisyonel kontrol ve çalışma belliği ölçümünde ise gündüz gece görevi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta inhibisyonel kontrol ile hayal kırıklığına uğratan hediye paradigmasının takas aşaması arasındaki ilişki haricinde diğer değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca çocukların olumlu sosyal yalan söyleme davranışlarını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılan iyi resim-kötü resim görevinde yalan söyleme oranları ile hayal kırıklığına uğratan hediye paradigmasındaki oranların oldukça farklı değerler aldığı gözlenmiştir. Katılımcılar küçük ve büyük çocuklar olarak iki ayrı yaş grubuna ayrıldığında -yaş kontrol edildiğinde- ise görece küçük çocuklarda (4.5 - 5 yaş) inhibisyonel kontrol ile iyi resim-kötü resim görevi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülmüştür. Büyük çocuklarda (5 - 5.5 yaş) ise yalan davranışı ile bilişsel becerilerin bağlantısı bulunmamışken uygulamacıya bağlı farklılığın bulunması sebebiyle motivasyonel faktörlerin olumlu sosyal yalan davranışında etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bilişsel becerilerin küçük çocukların olumlu sosyal yalan davranışında hem gerekli hem de yeterli olduğu; fakat yaş arttıkça bilişsel becerilerin yeterli olmaktan çıkıp sosyal ve motivasyonel faktörlerin devreye girdiği yorumu yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beyaz yalan, zihin kuramı, Olumlu sosyal yalan, yönetici işlevler

The Relationships Between Children’s Prosocial-Lie Telling Behavior, Theory of Mind and Executive Functions in 54-66 Months

Öz

This research examined the relationship between prosocial lie-telling behavior, theory of mind, and executive functions in children aged 54–66 months. The sample consists of 96 children (54 boys, 42 girls) aged 54–66 months (4.5–5.5 years) enrolled at five public schools and private schools in Istanbul. The children’s prosocial lie-telling behavior is tested by the good and bad drawing task and the dissapointing gift paradigm. Two false belief tasks and one appearance-reality task were used to measure theory of mind (ToM). Along with the measures for theory of mind, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhitory control were measured by the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) and day-night Strooplike test, respectively. As a result, there was no significant differences between the children’s cognitive scores (ToM, DCCS, Stroop) and pro-social lying tasks. However, there were significant predictive relationships with the DCCS and the disappointing gift paradigm’s swap condition. When age was controlled, Stroop and prosocial lie-telling in the good and bad drawing task correlated significantly in young children. White-lie-telling scores are differentiated, according to researchers, in older children. Thus, it is thought that social and motivational factors may affects children’s prosocial behavior. In this study, the disappointing gifts paradigm and good and bad drawing tasks were used to measure children’s prosocial lie-telling behavior, and it was discovered that there were quite different values for children’s lying rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

theory of mind, Prosocial lie-telling, white-lie-telling, executive functions

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