Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Gül Muhtar; Özlem Çakmak Tolan

Derleme

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Interventions in Adults with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 427 - 458, 30.08.2021

Gül Muhtar , Özlem Çakmak Tolan

Öz

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common anxiety disorder causing individuals to feel anxious, nervous, and distressed in public situations requiring performance, such as public speaking. Today, psychotherapies are known to be effective in reducing SAD symptoms. Mindfulness is a significant component of third-wave cognitive therapies, effective in treating mental disorders with psychotherapy. This study examines research articles to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in SAD. The national literature lacks a review study on this topic. International databases scanned with the keywords “mindfulness-based therapy,” “mindfulness-based intervention,” “social anxiety,” and “social phobia” revealed twenty-one studies that met inclusion criteria. These articles covered mindfulness-based stress reduction programs, acceptance-based treatment, and interventions with adult sampling related to SAD problems. In comparing the methodological and practical features of studies meeting the criteria, we observed that MBI generally reduced SAD symptoms and affected social anxiety-related attitudes and characteristics. Although MBI was more effective than the control group or wait-list group, some studies showed no significant differences compared to other treatment groups. MBI was effective and significantly reduced SAD symptoms in efficacy studies based on the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up data when excluding comparison and control groups. In light of these findings, new studies will need more methodological control and longer follow-up times to increase the reliability and generalizability of MBI in SAD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mindfulness, social anxiety, social phobia, systematic review

Kaynakça

Acarturk, C., Graaf, R., Straten, V. A., Have, M. T. ve Cuijpers, P. (2008). Social phobia and number of social fears, and their association with comorbidity, health-related quality of life and help seeking: A population-based study. SocialPsychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology, 43, 73-279. google scholar
Acarturk, C., Graaf, R., Straten, V. A., Have, M. T. ve Cuijpers, P. (2008). Social phobia and number of social fears, and their association with comorbidity, health-related quality of life and help seeking: A population-based study. SocialPsychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology, 43, 73-279. google scholar
Afshari, B. ve Hasani, J. (2020). Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 50, 305-312. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09461-9 google scholar
Afshari, B. ve Hasani, J. (2020). Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 50, 305-312. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09461-9 google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2000). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Dördüncü baskı (DSM-IV) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2000). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Dördüncü baskı (DSM-IV) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-V) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-V) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Atalay, Z. (2018). Mindfulness-Bilinçli farkındalık: Şimdi ve burada. İstanbul: Psikonet Yayınevi. google scholar
Atalay, Z. (2018). Mindfulness-Bilinçli farkındalık: Şimdi ve burada. İstanbul: Psikonet Yayınevi. google scholar
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10(2), 125-143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 google scholar
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10(2), 125-143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 google scholar
Balcı, Y. (2018). Altı haftalık modifiye bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması yapılan bir örneklemde duygusal zeka ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.). Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. google scholar
Balcı, Y. (2018). Altı haftalık modifiye bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması yapılan bir örneklemde duygusal zeka ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.). Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. google scholar
Bishop S. R., Lau M., Shapiro S., Carlson L., Anderson N. D., Carmody J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph077 google scholar
Bishop S. R., Lau M., Shapiro S., Carlson L., Anderson N. D., Carmody J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph077 google scholar
Brown, K. W. ve Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 google scholar
Brown, K. W. ve Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 google scholar
Butler, R. M., Boden, M. T., Olino, T. M., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2018). Emotional clarity and attention to emotions in cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.003 google scholar
Butler, R. M., Boden, M. T., Olino, T. M., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2018). Emotional clarity and attention to emotions in cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.003 google scholar
Butler, R. M., O’Day, E. B., Kaplan S. C., Swee, M. B., Horenstein, A., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Do sudden gains predict treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder? Findings from two randomized controlled trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 121, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103453 google scholar
Butler, R. M., O’Day, E. B., Kaplan S. C., Swee, M. B., Horenstein, A., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Do sudden gains predict treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder? Findings from two randomized controlled trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 121, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103453 google scholar
Chambless, D. L. ve Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 685-716. google scholar
Chambless, D. L. ve Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 685-716. google scholar
Clark, D. M. ve Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. R. G. Heimberg ve M. R. Liebowitz (Ed.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment içinde (s. 69-93). New York: Guildford Press. google scholar
Clark, D. M. ve Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. R. G. Heimberg ve M. R. Liebowitz (Ed.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment içinde (s. 69-93). New York: Guildford Press. google scholar
Davis, D. M. ve Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48, 198. google scholar
Davis, D. M. ve Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48, 198. google scholar
England, E. L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Rabin, S. J., Juarascio, A. ve Goldstein, S. P. (2012). Acceptance-based exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1, 66-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.07.001 google scholar
England, E. L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Rabin, S. J., Juarascio, A. ve Goldstein, S. P. (2012). Acceptance-based exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1, 66-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.07.001 google scholar
Faucher, J., Koszycki, D., Bradwejn, J. ve Merali, Z. (2016). Effects of CBT versus MBSR treatment on social stress reactions in social anxiety disorder. Mindfulness, 7, 514-526. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0486-4. google scholar
Faucher, J., Koszycki, D., Bradwejn, J. ve Merali, Z. (2016). Effects of CBT versus MBSR treatment on social stress reactions in social anxiety disorder. Mindfulness, 7, 514-526. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0486-4. google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Bailey, K. ve Rizvi, S. L. (2020). Changes in emotions over the course of dialectical behavior therapy and the moderating role of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 51(6), 946-957. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.009 google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Bailey, K. ve Rizvi, S. L. (2020). Changes in emotions over the course of dialectical behavior therapy and the moderating role of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 51(6), 946-957. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.009 google scholar
Fleming, J. E. ve Kocovski, N. L. (2013). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for social anxiety and shyness. CA: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Fleming, J. E. ve Kocovski, N. L. (2013). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for social anxiety and shyness. CA: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. ve Fulton, P. (Ed.). (2005). Mindfulness and psychoherapy. New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. ve Fulton, P. (Ed.). (2005). Mindfulness and psychoherapy. New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441 google scholar
Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(5), 427-437. doi:10.1037/ccp0000092 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(5), 427-437. doi:10.1037/ccp0000092 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001. google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001. google scholar
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H. Ve Gross, J. J. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction versus aerobic exercise: Effects on the self-referential brain network in social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 google scholar
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H. Ve Gross, J. J. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction versus aerobic exercise: Effects on the self-referential brain network in social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 google scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j. brat.2005.06.006 google scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j. brat.2005.06.006 google scholar
Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., ve Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., ve Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Hayes, S. C. ve Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303. google scholar
Hayes, S. C. ve Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303. google scholar
Hayes-Skelton, S. ve Graham, J. (2013). Decentering as a common link among mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 317-328. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000902 google scholar Herbert, J. D. ve Forman, E. M. (2011). Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. Wiley: Hoboken google scholar
Hayes-Skelton, S. ve Graham, J. (2013). Decentering as a common link among mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 317-328. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000902 google scholar Herbert, J. D. ve Forman, E. M. (2011). Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. Wiley: Hoboken google scholar
Herbert, J., Gershkovich, M. ve Forman, E. (2014). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for social anxiety disorder. J. W. Weeks (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of social anxiety disorder içinde (s. 588-607). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. google scholar
Herbert, J., Gershkovich, M. ve Forman, E. (2014). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for social anxiety disorder. J. W. Weeks (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of social anxiety disorder içinde (s. 588-607). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Molde, H., Schanche, E., V0İlestad, J., Svendsen, J. L., Moltu, C. ve Binder, P. (2017). An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 80-90. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12342 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Molde, H., Schanche, E., V0İlestad, J., Svendsen, J. L., Moltu, C. ve Binder, P. (2017). An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 80-90. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12342 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Moltu, C., Schance, E., Jansen, Y. ve Binder, P. (2018). Facing social fears: How do improved participants experience change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 00, 1-10.doi: 10.1002/capr.12200 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Moltu, C., Schance, E., Jansen, Y. ve Binder, P. (2018). Facing social fears: How do improved participants experience change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 00, 1-10.doi: 10.1002/capr.12200 google scholar
Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A. ve Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. google scholar
Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A. ve Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. google scholar
Hunnicutt - Hollenbaugh, K. M. ve Lenz, A. S. (2018). Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96, 119-131. DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12186 google scholar
Hunnicutt - Hollenbaugh, K. M. ve Lenz, A. S. (2018). Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96, 119-131. DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12186 google scholar
Işık, E. ve Taner, Y. I. (2006). Çocuk, ergen ve erişkinlerde anksiyete bozuklukları. (1.bs). İstanbul: Golden Print. google scholar
Işık, E. ve Taner, Y. I. (2006). Çocuk, ergen ve erişkinlerde anksiyete bozuklukları. (1.bs). İstanbul: Golden Print. google scholar
Ivanovski, B. ve Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x google scholar
Ivanovski, B. ve Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M. ve Gross, J. J. (2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 715-731. doi:10.1002/jclp.21863 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M. ve Gross, J. J. (2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 715-731. doi:10.1002/jclp.21863 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Lee, I. A., Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Pre-treatment social anxiety severity moderates the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction and aerobic exercise. Psychology Psychotherapy, 89(2), 229-234. doi:10.1111/papt.12060 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Lee, I. A., Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Pre-treatment social anxiety severity moderates the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction and aerobic exercise. Psychology Psychotherapy, 89(2), 229-234. doi:10.1111/papt.12060 google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing. google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing. google scholar
Kang, C. ve Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161-173. doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0018-1 google scholar
Kang, C. ve Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161-173. doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0018-1 google scholar
Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M, Anthony, J. C., Graaf, R. D., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., ... ve Üstün, T. B. (2007). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s world mental health survey initiative. World Psychiatry, 6, 168-176. google scholar
Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M, Anthony, J. C., Graaf, R. D., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., ... ve Üstün, T. B. (2007). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s world mental health survey initiative. World Psychiatry, 6, 168-176. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B. ve Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B. ve Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Ho, M. R. ve Antony, M. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: Mechanisms of change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 11-22. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.005 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Ho, M. R. ve Antony, M. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: Mechanisms of change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 11-22. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.005 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V. ve Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889-898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V. ve Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889-898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E. ve Rector, N. A. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 276-289. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E. ve Rector, N. A. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 276-289. google scholar
Koszycki, D., Benger, M., Shlik, J. ve Bradwejn, J. (2007). Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2518-2526. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.011 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Benger, M., Shlik, J. ve Bradwejn, J. (2007). Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2518-2526. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.011 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M. ve Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary investigationofamindfulness-basedinterventionforsocialanxietydisorderthatintegratescompassion meditation and mindful exposure. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 00, 1-12. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0108 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M. ve Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary investigationofamindfulness-basedinterventionforsocialanxietydisorderthatintegratescompassion meditation and mindful exposure. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 00, 1-12. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0108 google scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Linehan, M., Bohus, M. ve Lynch, T. R. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for pervasive emotion dysregulation. Gross, J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 581-605). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M., Bohus, M. ve Lynch, T. R. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for pervasive emotion dysregulation. Gross, J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 581-605). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M. (2015). DBT skills training manual. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M. (2015). DBT skills training manual. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S. ve Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2017). The impact of mindfulness on the wellbeing and performance of educators: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61, 312-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.008 google scholar
Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S. ve Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2017). The impact of mindfulness on the wellbeing and performance of educators: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61, 312-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.008 google scholar
Malivoire, B. L. (2020). Exploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12339 google scholar
Malivoire, B. L. (2020). Exploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12339 google scholar
Marks, I. M. ve Gelder, M. G. (1966). Different ages of onset in varieties of phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 218-221. google scholar
Marks, I. M. ve Gelder, M. G. (1966). Different ages of onset in varieties of phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 218-221. google scholar
Morrison, A. S., Mateen, M. A., Brozovich, F. A., Zaki, J., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G. ve Gross, J. J. (2019). Changes in empathy mediate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy but not mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 56,1098-1111. google scholar
Morrison, A. S., Mateen, M. A., Brozovich, F. A., Zaki, J., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G. ve Gross, J. J. (2019). Changes in empathy mediate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy but not mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 56,1098-1111. google scholar
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive andBehavioralPractice, 16,123-134. google scholar
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive andBehavioralPractice, 16,123-134. google scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Bohus, M. ve Linehan, M. M. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy: An intervention for emotion dysregulation. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 491-507). The Guilford Press. google scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Bohus, M. ve Linehan, M. M. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy: An intervention for emotion dysregulation. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 491-507). The Guilford Press. google scholar
Norton, A. R., Abbott, M. J., Norberg, M. M. ve Hunt, C. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71 (4), 283-301. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22144 google scholar
Norton, A. R., Abbott, M. J., Norberg, M. M. ve Hunt, C. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71 (4), 283-301. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22144 google scholar
Schmertz, S. K., Masuda, A. ve Anderson, P. L. (2012). Cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 362-371. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20861 google scholar
Schmertz, S. K., Masuda, A. ve Anderson, P. L. (2012). Cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 362-371. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20861 google scholar
Schultz, D. P. ve Schultz, S. E. (2008). A history of modern psychology (9. bs). Belmont: Thomson Learning. google scholar
Schultz, D. P. ve Schultz, S. E. (2008). A history of modern psychology (9. bs). Belmont: Thomson Learning. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse (The MBCT Manual). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse (The MBCT Manual). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Stahl, B. ve Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Stahl, B. ve Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Strauss, C., Cavanagh, K., Oliver, A. ve Pettman, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Plos One, 9(4), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110 google scholar
Strauss, C., Cavanagh, K., Oliver, A. ve Pettman, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Plos One, 9(4), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110 google scholar
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M. ve Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.615 google scholar
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M. ve Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.615 google scholar
Thurston, M. D., Goldin, P., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 83-90. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.01.001 google scholar
Thurston, M. D., Goldin, P., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 83-90. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.01.001 google scholar
Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive Behavior Practice, 7, 413-419 google scholar
Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive Behavior Practice, 7, 413-419 google scholar
Turner, K. (2009). Mindfulness: The present moment in clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(2), 95-103. google scholar
Turner, K. (2009). Mindfulness: The present moment in clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(2), 95-103. google scholar
V0İlestad, J. ve Nielsen, M. B. (2012). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal ofClinical Psychology, 51, 239260. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x google scholar
V0İlestad, J. ve Nielsen, M. B. (2012). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal ofClinical Psychology, 51, 239260. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x google scholar
Wilks, C. R. ve Ward-Ciesielsk, E. F. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy skills training for generalized anxiety disorder: Considering the value of adapting something new versus improving what work. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 27(4), 1-3. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12346. google scholar
Wilks, C. R. ve Ward-Ciesielsk, E. F. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy skills training for generalized anxiety disorder: Considering the value of adapting something new versus improving what work. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 27(4), 1-3. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12346. google scholar
Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A. ve Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness based relapse prevention for substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228. google scholar
Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A. ve Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness based relapse prevention for substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228. google scholar

Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 427 - 458, 30.08.2021

Gül Muhtar , Özlem Çakmak Tolan

Öz

Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu (SAB) toplumda sık karşılaşılan anksiyete bozukluklarından biridir. SAB olan bireylerin, topluluk önünde konuşma yapma gibi diğerleri tarafından değerlendirilebileceği ve performans sergilemesini gerektirecek durumlarda kaygılanmasına, gergin ve rahatsız hissetmesine neden olmaktadır. Günümüzde psikoterapilerin SAB belirtilerini azaltmada etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Üçüncü dalga bilişsel terapilerin önemli bir bileşeni olarak bilinçli farkındalığın psikoterapideki kullanımının ruhsal bozuklukların tedavi edilmesinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut sistematik gözden geçirme çalışmasında, SAB’da bilinçli farkındalık (mindfulness) temelli müdahalelerin etkililiğini değerlendirmek için araştırma makalelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin etkililiğini değerlendirmek amacıyla öncelikle ulusal alan yazın taranmış ancak bu konuda gerçekleşmiş bir derleme çalışmasına rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu doğrultuda “mindfulness based therapy”, “mindfulness based intervention”, “social anxiety” ve “social phobia” anahtar sözcükleriyle uluslararası veritabanları taranmıştır. SAB bakımından sadece farkındalık temelli stres azaltma programı ve kabul temelli tedavi ve müdahaleleri ele alma, yetişkin örneklemiyle gerçekleştirilme gibi dahil etme kriterlerini karşılayan 21 çalışma incelenmiştir. Kriterleri karşılayan 21 çalışmanın yöntemsel ve uygulama özellikleri karşılaştırılarak sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmaların sonuçlarında genel olarak bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin SAB belirtilerini azalttığı, sosyal anksiyete ile ilgili tutum ve özellikler üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Gözden geçirilen çalışmaların sonuçları kıyaslandığında bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahalelerin kontrol grubu ya da bekleme listesi grubuna göre daha etkili olduğu, ancak diğer tedavi grupları ile karşılaştırıldığı bazı çalışmalarda anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Karşılaştırma ve kontrol grubunun dahil edilmediği ön test, son test ve izlem verilerine dayanan etkililik çalışmalarında FTM’nin etkili olduğu ve SAB belirtilerini anlamlı düzeyde azalttığı gösterilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ışığında sosyal anksiyete bozukluğunda bilinçli farkındalık temelli uygulamaların güvenirliliğinin ve genellenebilirliğinin artması için yöntemsel olarak daha kontrollü, daha uzun izlem süreli yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilinçli farkındalık, sosyal anksiyete, sosyal fobi, sistematik gözden geçirme

Kaynakça

Acarturk, C., Graaf, R., Straten, V. A., Have, M. T. ve Cuijpers, P. (2008). Social phobia and number of social fears, and their association with comorbidity, health-related quality of life and help seeking: A population-based study. SocialPsychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology, 43, 73-279. google scholar
Acarturk, C., Graaf, R., Straten, V. A., Have, M. T. ve Cuijpers, P. (2008). Social phobia and number of social fears, and their association with comorbidity, health-related quality of life and help seeking: A population-based study. SocialPsychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiology, 43, 73-279. google scholar
Afshari, B. ve Hasani, J. (2020). Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 50, 305-312. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09461-9 google scholar
Afshari, B. ve Hasani, J. (2020). Study of dialectical behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy on emotion regulation and mindfulness in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 50, 305-312. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09461-9 google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2000). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Dördüncü baskı (DSM-IV) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2000). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Dördüncü baskı (DSM-IV) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-V) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-V) (E. Köroğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. google scholar
Atalay, Z. (2018). Mindfulness-Bilinçli farkındalık: Şimdi ve burada. İstanbul: Psikonet Yayınevi. google scholar
Atalay, Z. (2018). Mindfulness-Bilinçli farkındalık: Şimdi ve burada. İstanbul: Psikonet Yayınevi. google scholar
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10(2), 125-143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 google scholar
Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10(2), 125-143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 google scholar
Balcı, Y. (2018). Altı haftalık modifiye bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması yapılan bir örneklemde duygusal zeka ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.). Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. google scholar
Balcı, Y. (2018). Altı haftalık modifiye bilinçli farkındalık uygulaması yapılan bir örneklemde duygusal zeka ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.). Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. google scholar
Bishop S. R., Lau M., Shapiro S., Carlson L., Anderson N. D., Carmody J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph077 google scholar
Bishop S. R., Lau M., Shapiro S., Carlson L., Anderson N. D., Carmody J., . . . Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph077 google scholar
Brown, K. W. ve Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 google scholar
Brown, K. W. ve Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 google scholar
Butler, R. M., Boden, M. T., Olino, T. M., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2018). Emotional clarity and attention to emotions in cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.003 google scholar
Butler, R. M., Boden, M. T., Olino, T. M., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2018). Emotional clarity and attention to emotions in cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.003 google scholar
Butler, R. M., O’Day, E. B., Kaplan S. C., Swee, M. B., Horenstein, A., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Do sudden gains predict treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder? Findings from two randomized controlled trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 121, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103453 google scholar
Butler, R. M., O’Day, E. B., Kaplan S. C., Swee, M. B., Horenstein, A., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R. ve Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Do sudden gains predict treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder? Findings from two randomized controlled trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 121, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103453 google scholar
Chambless, D. L. ve Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 685-716. google scholar
Chambless, D. L. ve Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 685-716. google scholar
Clark, D. M. ve Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. R. G. Heimberg ve M. R. Liebowitz (Ed.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment içinde (s. 69-93). New York: Guildford Press. google scholar
Clark, D. M. ve Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. R. G. Heimberg ve M. R. Liebowitz (Ed.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment içinde (s. 69-93). New York: Guildford Press. google scholar
Davis, D. M. ve Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48, 198. google scholar
Davis, D. M. ve Hayes, J. A. (2011). What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy, 48, 198. google scholar
England, E. L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Rabin, S. J., Juarascio, A. ve Goldstein, S. P. (2012). Acceptance-based exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1, 66-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.07.001 google scholar
England, E. L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Rabin, S. J., Juarascio, A. ve Goldstein, S. P. (2012). Acceptance-based exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1, 66-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.07.001 google scholar
Faucher, J., Koszycki, D., Bradwejn, J. ve Merali, Z. (2016). Effects of CBT versus MBSR treatment on social stress reactions in social anxiety disorder. Mindfulness, 7, 514-526. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0486-4. google scholar
Faucher, J., Koszycki, D., Bradwejn, J. ve Merali, Z. (2016). Effects of CBT versus MBSR treatment on social stress reactions in social anxiety disorder. Mindfulness, 7, 514-526. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0486-4. google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Bailey, K. ve Rizvi, S. L. (2020). Changes in emotions over the course of dialectical behavior therapy and the moderating role of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 51(6), 946-957. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.009 google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Bailey, K. ve Rizvi, S. L. (2020). Changes in emotions over the course of dialectical behavior therapy and the moderating role of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 51(6), 946-957. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.009 google scholar
Fleming, J. E. ve Kocovski, N. L. (2013). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for social anxiety and shyness. CA: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Fleming, J. E. ve Kocovski, N. L. (2013). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for social anxiety and shyness. CA: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. ve Fulton, P. (Ed.). (2005). Mindfulness and psychoherapy. New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. ve Fulton, P. (Ed.). (2005). Mindfulness and psychoherapy. New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441 google scholar
Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(5), 427-437. doi:10.1037/ccp0000092 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Brozovich, F., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(5), 427-437. doi:10.1037/ccp0000092 google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001. google scholar
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001. google scholar
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H. Ve Gross, J. J. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction versus aerobic exercise: Effects on the self-referential brain network in social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 google scholar
Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H. Ve Gross, J. J. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction versus aerobic exercise: Effects on the self-referential brain network in social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00295 google scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j. brat.2005.06.006 google scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.1016/j. brat.2005.06.006 google scholar
Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., ve Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., ve Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Hayes, S. C. ve Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303. google scholar
Hayes, S. C. ve Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303. google scholar
Hayes-Skelton, S. ve Graham, J. (2013). Decentering as a common link among mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 317-328. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000902 google scholar Herbert, J. D. ve Forman, E. M. (2011). Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. Wiley: Hoboken google scholar
Hayes-Skelton, S. ve Graham, J. (2013). Decentering as a common link among mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 317-328. doi:10.1017/S1352465812000902 google scholar Herbert, J. D. ve Forman, E. M. (2011). Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. Wiley: Hoboken google scholar
Herbert, J., Gershkovich, M. ve Forman, E. (2014). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for social anxiety disorder. J. W. Weeks (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of social anxiety disorder içinde (s. 588-607). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. google scholar
Herbert, J., Gershkovich, M. ve Forman, E. (2014). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for social anxiety disorder. J. W. Weeks (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of social anxiety disorder içinde (s. 588-607). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Molde, H., Schanche, E., V0İlestad, J., Svendsen, J. L., Moltu, C. ve Binder, P. (2017). An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 80-90. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12342 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Molde, H., Schanche, E., V0İlestad, J., Svendsen, J. L., Moltu, C. ve Binder, P. (2017). An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58, 80-90. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12342 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Moltu, C., Schance, E., Jansen, Y. ve Binder, P. (2018). Facing social fears: How do improved participants experience change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 00, 1-10.doi: 10.1002/capr.12200 google scholar
Hjeltnes, A., Moltu, C., Schance, E., Jansen, Y. ve Binder, P. (2018). Facing social fears: How do improved participants experience change in mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder? Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 00, 1-10.doi: 10.1002/capr.12200 google scholar
Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A. ve Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. google scholar
Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A. ve Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. google scholar
Hunnicutt - Hollenbaugh, K. M. ve Lenz, A. S. (2018). Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96, 119-131. DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12186 google scholar
Hunnicutt - Hollenbaugh, K. M. ve Lenz, A. S. (2018). Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96, 119-131. DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12186 google scholar
Işık, E. ve Taner, Y. I. (2006). Çocuk, ergen ve erişkinlerde anksiyete bozuklukları. (1.bs). İstanbul: Golden Print. google scholar
Işık, E. ve Taner, Y. I. (2006). Çocuk, ergen ve erişkinlerde anksiyete bozuklukları. (1.bs). İstanbul: Golden Print. google scholar
Ivanovski, B. ve Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x google scholar
Ivanovski, B. ve Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neuropsychological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M. ve Gross, J. J. (2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 715-731. doi:10.1002/jclp.21863 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Ziv, M. ve Gross, J. J. (2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 715-731. doi:10.1002/jclp.21863 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Lee, I. A., Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Pre-treatment social anxiety severity moderates the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction and aerobic exercise. Psychology Psychotherapy, 89(2), 229-234. doi:10.1111/papt.12060 google scholar
Jazaieri, H., Lee, I. A., Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2016). Pre-treatment social anxiety severity moderates the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction and aerobic exercise. Psychology Psychotherapy, 89(2), 229-234. doi:10.1111/papt.12060 google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing. google scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2009). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing. google scholar
Kang, C. ve Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161-173. doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0018-1 google scholar
Kang, C. ve Whittingham, K. (2010). Mindfulness: A dialogue between Buddhism and clinical psychology. Mindfulness, 1, 161-173. doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0018-1 google scholar
Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M, Anthony, J. C., Graaf, R. D., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., ... ve Üstün, T. B. (2007). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s world mental health survey initiative. World Psychiatry, 6, 168-176. google scholar
Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M, Anthony, J. C., Graaf, R. D., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., ... ve Üstün, T. B. (2007). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s world mental health survey initiative. World Psychiatry, 6, 168-176. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B. ve Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B. ve Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Ho, M. R. ve Antony, M. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: Mechanisms of change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 11-22. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.005 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Ho, M. R. ve Antony, M. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: Mechanisms of change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 11-22. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.005 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V. ve Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889-898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V. ve Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889-898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007 google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E. ve Rector, N. A. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 276-289. google scholar
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E. ve Rector, N. A. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: An open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 276-289. google scholar
Koszycki, D., Benger, M., Shlik, J. ve Bradwejn, J. (2007). Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2518-2526. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.011 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Benger, M., Shlik, J. ve Bradwejn, J. (2007). Randomized trial of a meditation-based stress reduction program and cognitive behavior therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2518-2526. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.011 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M. ve Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary investigationofamindfulness-basedinterventionforsocialanxietydisorderthatintegratescompassion meditation and mindful exposure. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 00, 1-12. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0108 google scholar
Koszycki, D., Thake, J., Mavounza, C., Daoust, J. P., Taljaard, M. ve Bradwejn, J. (2016). Preliminary investigationofamindfulness-basedinterventionforsocialanxietydisorderthatintegratescompassion meditation and mindful exposure. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 00, 1-12. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0108 google scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press google scholar
Linehan, M., Bohus, M. ve Lynch, T. R. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for pervasive emotion dysregulation. Gross, J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 581-605). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M., Bohus, M. ve Lynch, T. R. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for pervasive emotion dysregulation. Gross, J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 581-605). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M. (2015). DBT skills training manual. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Linehan, M. (2015). DBT skills training manual. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S. ve Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2017). The impact of mindfulness on the wellbeing and performance of educators: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61, 312-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.008 google scholar
Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S. ve Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2017). The impact of mindfulness on the wellbeing and performance of educators: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61, 312-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.008 google scholar
Malivoire, B. L. (2020). Exploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12339 google scholar
Malivoire, B. L. (2020). Exploring DBT skills training as a treatment avenue for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12339 google scholar
Marks, I. M. ve Gelder, M. G. (1966). Different ages of onset in varieties of phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 218-221. google scholar
Marks, I. M. ve Gelder, M. G. (1966). Different ages of onset in varieties of phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 218-221. google scholar
Morrison, A. S., Mateen, M. A., Brozovich, F. A., Zaki, J., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G. ve Gross, J. J. (2019). Changes in empathy mediate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy but not mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 56,1098-1111. google scholar
Morrison, A. S., Mateen, M. A., Brozovich, F. A., Zaki, J., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G. ve Gross, J. J. (2019). Changes in empathy mediate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy but not mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 56,1098-1111. google scholar
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive andBehavioralPractice, 16,123-134. google scholar
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive andBehavioralPractice, 16,123-134. google scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Bohus, M. ve Linehan, M. M. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy: An intervention for emotion dysregulation. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 491-507). The Guilford Press. google scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Bohus, M. ve Linehan, M. M. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy: An intervention for emotion dysregulation. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 491-507). The Guilford Press. google scholar
Norton, A. R., Abbott, M. J., Norberg, M. M. ve Hunt, C. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71 (4), 283-301. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22144 google scholar
Norton, A. R., Abbott, M. J., Norberg, M. M. ve Hunt, C. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness and acceptance-based treatments for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71 (4), 283-301. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22144 google scholar
Schmertz, S. K., Masuda, A. ve Anderson, P. L. (2012). Cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 362-371. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20861 google scholar
Schmertz, S. K., Masuda, A. ve Anderson, P. L. (2012). Cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 362-371. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20861 google scholar
Schultz, D. P. ve Schultz, S. E. (2008). A history of modern psychology (9. bs). Belmont: Thomson Learning. google scholar
Schultz, D. P. ve Schultz, S. E. (2008). A history of modern psychology (9. bs). Belmont: Thomson Learning. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse (The MBCT Manual). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse (The MBCT Manual). New York: Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G. ve Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: The Guilford Press. google scholar
Stahl, B. ve Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Stahl, B. ve Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. google scholar
Strauss, C., Cavanagh, K., Oliver, A. ve Pettman, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Plos One, 9(4), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110 google scholar
Strauss, C., Cavanagh, K., Oliver, A. ve Pettman, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Plos One, 9(4), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096110 google scholar
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M. ve Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.615 google scholar
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M. ve Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623. doi: 10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.615 google scholar
Thurston, M. D., Goldin, P., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 83-90. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.01.001 google scholar
Thurston, M. D., Goldin, P., Heimberg, R. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Self-views in social anxiety disorder: The impact of CBT versus MBSR. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 47, 83-90. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.01.001 google scholar
Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive Behavior Practice, 7, 413-419 google scholar
Turner, R. M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive Behavior Practice, 7, 413-419 google scholar
Turner, K. (2009). Mindfulness: The present moment in clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(2), 95-103. google scholar
Turner, K. (2009). Mindfulness: The present moment in clinical social work. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(2), 95-103. google scholar
V0İlestad, J. ve Nielsen, M. B. (2012). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal ofClinical Psychology, 51, 239260. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x google scholar
V0İlestad, J. ve Nielsen, M. B. (2012). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal ofClinical Psychology, 51, 239260. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x google scholar
Wilks, C. R. ve Ward-Ciesielsk, E. F. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy skills training for generalized anxiety disorder: Considering the value of adapting something new versus improving what work. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 27(4), 1-3. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12346. google scholar
Wilks, C. R. ve Ward-Ciesielsk, E. F. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy skills training for generalized anxiety disorder: Considering the value of adapting something new versus improving what work. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 27(4), 1-3. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12346. google scholar
Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A. ve Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness based relapse prevention for substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228. google scholar
Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A. ve Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness based relapse prevention for substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228. google scholar

Toplam 140 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Gül Muhtar 0000-0002-6764-9141 Özlem Çakmak Tolan 0000-0002-8128-6498
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	26 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Muhtar, G., & Çakmak Tolan, Ö. (2021). Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Studies in Psychology, 41(2), 427-458.
AMA	Muhtar G, Çakmak Tolan Ö. Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Studies in Psychology. Ağustos 2021;41(2):427-458.
Chicago	Muhtar, Gül, ve Özlem Çakmak Tolan. “Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Studies in Psychology 41, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2021): 427-58.
EndNote	Muhtar G, Çakmak Tolan Ö (01 Ağustos 2021) Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Studies in Psychology 41 2 427–458.
IEEE	G. Muhtar ve Ö. Çakmak Tolan, “Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme”, Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 2, ss. 427–458, 2021.
ISNAD	Muhtar, Gül - Çakmak Tolan, Özlem. “Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Studies in Psychology 41/2 (Ağustos 2021), 427-458.
JAMA	Muhtar G, Çakmak Tolan Ö. Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41:427–458.
MLA	Muhtar, Gül ve Özlem Çakmak Tolan. “Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme”. Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 427-58.
Vancouver	Muhtar G, Çakmak Tolan Ö. Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Etkililiği: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41(2):427-58.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680