Amerikan Siyasetinde Dinin Yeni Rolü: Evanjelik Kilisesinin Başta İsrail Filistin Sorunu Olmak Üzere Ortadoğu Politikası Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 149 - 161, 30.10.2018

Ayşe Tekdal Fildiş

Öz

Orta Doğu’da uzun yıllardır sürmekte olan Filistin-İsrail çatışması ve siyasi kargaşa tüm dünyanın dikkatini bu bölgeye çekmektedir. Bölgedeki ana aktör olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin İsrail yanlısı politikaları özellikle Cumhuriyetçi Parti Başkanlarının yönetimi sürecinde oldukça görünür hale gelmiştir. Son beş cumhuriyetçi başkanın Hıristiyan Evanjelist olmasından yola çıkarak, bu araştırmada söz konusu coğrafi bölge için alınan dış politika kararlarında ve uygulanan politikalarda dini inançların etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. 16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda püriten bir dini inanç olarak İngiltere’de başlayan bu hareket, ABD’ne ulaştıktan sonra aşırı sağcı Hıristiyan bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Püriten Evanjelistler İncil’i hiçbir mealini göz önünde bulundurmadan, harfi harfine okumaları üzerine yaptıkları çıkarım sonucunda İsrail’in Tanrı tarafından Yahudilere verildiğine inanarak Yahudi Siyonizmini desteklemişler ve 1980’lerde “Hıristiyan Siyonistler” olarak isimlendirilmeye başlanmışlardır. Bu makalede Hıristiyan Siyonistlerin Amerikan dış politikasına etkileri, Trump yönetiminin Amerikan Elçiliği’ni Kudüs’e taşıma kararı ve Kudüs’ün İsrail’in başkenti olduğunu resmen kabul etmesinin ardından değişen Filistin söylemi incelenmektedir. Çalışmada ilk olarak Yahudi Siyonizmi ve Hıristiyan Siyonizmi kavramsal olarak ele alınmış ve ardından Hıristiyan Siyonizminin tarihsel gelişimi anlatılmıştır. Son bölümde ise Hıristiyan Siyonistlerin modern İsrail Devleti’ne yönelik görüşleri ve bu görüşlerden yola çıkarak İsrail’e destekleri ve Amerikan dış politikasını Filistin sorunu bağlamında ne şekilde etkiledikleri incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Christian zionism, Israel, Evangelists, Palestine, USA

New Role For Religion In American Politics: How The Evangelical Church Is Shaping The Middle-Eastern Politics In Particular In The Israeli Palestinian Conflict

Öz

The longstanding political turmoil in the Middle East especially between Israelis and Palestinians attracts worldwide attention.

A main player in the area is the USA. Their pro-Israeli foreign policies are highly visible especially during Republican Presidencies.

Considering that the last five Republican Presidents were Evangelical Christians my concern is to clarify their religious beliefs

and their relationships to the foreign policies implemented in the area. What started as a religious Puritan movement in the

16-17th centuries in England and moved to the USA later on turned into a far-right Christian political movement. Their literal

interpretation of the Bible, including the belief that the Jewish people were given the land of Israel by God himself supported

the Jewish Zionist movement at the turn of the century and developed their name into Christian Zionists around the 1980’s.

The current Trump Administration and their recent move of the USA embassy to Jerusalem, signifying the official acceptance

of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and the following change of discourse about the Palestinians, will be studied. I will first

define and describe the two ideologies, that is, Jewish Zionism and Christian Zionism followed by their historical paths focusing

mainly on Christian Zionism. I will conclude by analyzing the Christian Zionists’ view of modern Israel and the resulting policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hıristiyan siyonistler, İsrail, Evanjelistler, Filistin, ABD

Kaynakça

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