BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

-

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 48, 0 - , 11.12.2013

Müslüm Basılgan

Öz

The use of experimental method in the world of economics, particularly because of that economic behavior is quite complex and human modeling is shaped by homo economicus, was met with great resistance for a long time. But human modeling of economics was widely criticized in the 1940 and experimental studies on market structures have been taking first steps since then. This process led to experimental studies of individual decision-making in the 1960s and 70s. The importance of these studies has been noticed and a Nobel Prize was given to Vernon Smith for his contributions to experimental economics by Nobel Committee in 2002. The most important contribution to the economic theories of these experimental studies in economics is that it helps in finding the answer to the question to what extent economics theories are valid in real life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Experimental Economics Field Experiments Incentives Laboratory Experiments Methodology

Kaynakça

  • • ALLAIS, Maurice (1953), “Le Comportement de l’Homme Rationnel devant le Risque: Critique des Postulats et Axiomes de l’Ecole Americaine (The Behavior of the Rational Man under Risk: Critique of the Postulates and Axioms of the American School)”, Econometrica, Vol.21, No.4, s.503-546.
  • • BACON, Francis (2000), The New Organon (Translated by L. Jardine-M. Silverthorne), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (Original work published 1814). • BRACHT, GLENN H. and GLASS, GENE V. (1968), “The External Validity of Experiments”, American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 5, No:4, s. 437-474. • BROOKSHIRE, David, COURSEY, Don L. and SCHULZE, William D. (1987), “The External Validity of Experimental Economics Techniques: Analysis of Demand Behavior”, Economic Inquiry, Vol.25, No: 2, s.239-50.
  • • STEPHEN, Burks, CARPENTER, Jeffrey and GOETTE, Lorenz (2009), “Performance Pay and Worker Cooperation: Evidence from an Artefactual Feld Experiment”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.70, No:3, s. 458-469.
  • • BLAUG, Mark (1992), The Methodology of Economics or How Economists Explain, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • • BUTLER, David J. and HEY, John D. (1987), “Experimental Economics: An introduction”, Empirica, Vol.14, s.157-186.
  • • CAGINALP, Gunduz, MCCABE, Kevin and PORTER, David (2003), “The Foundations of Experimental Economics and Applications to Behavioral Finance: The Contributions of Nobel Laureate Vernon Smith”, Journal of Behavioral Finance, Vol.4, No:1, s. 3-6.
  • • CAMERER, Colin F. and HOGARTH, Robin M. (1999), “The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework”, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol.19, No:1, s.7-42.
  • • CARPENTER , Jeffrey P., HARRISON, Glenn W. and LIST, John A. (2005), “Field Experiments in Economics: An Introduction”, Research in Experimental Economics, Vol.10, s. 1-16.
  • • CHAMBERLIN, Edward H. (1948), “An Experimental Imperfect Market”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.56, No:2, s. 95-108.
  • • CHAUDHURI, Ananish (2009), Experiments in Economics: Playing Fair with Money, Routledge, London and New York.
  • • CHEW, Soo Hong and MacCrimmon, Kenneth R.(1979), “Alpha-Nu Choice Theory: A Generalization of Expected Utility Theory”, Working Paper, No. 669, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
  • • CROSON, Rachel and GÄCHTER, Simon (2010), “The Science of Experimental Economics”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.73, s.122-131.
  • • CUNNINGHAM, Robert L. (1967), “Ethics and Game Theory: The Prisoner’s Dilemma”, Papers on Non-Market Decision Making, Vol.2, s. 11-26.
  • • DAVIS, Douglas D. and HOLT, Charles A. (1993), Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
  • • DAVIS, Douglas D. and WILLIAMS Arlington W. (1986), “The Effects of Rent Asymmetries in Posted Offer Markets”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.7, s. 303-316.
  • • DESCARTES, Rene (1998). Discourse on Method and Meditations On First Philosophy (Translated by D. A. Cress), Indianapolis /Cambridge, Hackett Publishing Company (Original work published 1637).
  • • DIMAND, Robert W. (2005), “Experimental Economic Games: The Early Years”, Fontaine, P. – Leonard R. (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London and New York: Routledge, s..5-20.
  • • COURSEY, Don L. and SMITH, Vernon L. (1983), “Price Controls in a Posted Offer Market, The American Economic Review, Vol. 73, No:1, s.218-221.
  • • ELLSBERG, Daniel (1961), “Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.75, No:4, s. 643-669.
  • • THE CONCISE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF CURRENT ENGLISH (1995), “Experiment”, Thompson, D. - Della, D. (Eds.), 9th ed., Oxford, Clarendon.
  • • CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH (1995), “Experiment”, Procter, P. (Ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • FISHBURN, Peter C. (1989), “Foundations of Decision Analysis: Along the Way”, Management Science, Vol.35, No:4, s. 387-405.
  • • FORSYTHE, Robert , HOROWITZ, Joel L., SAVIN, N. E.ve SEFTON, Martin (1994), “Fairness in Simple Bargaining Experiments”, Games and Economic Behavior, Vol.6, s. 347-369.
  • • FOURAKER, Lawrence E.and SIEGEL, Sidney (1963), Bargaining Behavior, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Daniel and CASSAR, Alessandra (2004), “First principles: Induced Value Theory”, D. Friedman, D. – Cassar, A. (eds.), Economics Lab: An Intensive Course in Experimental Economics, London, UK, Routledge, s. 25-31.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Daniel and SUNDER, Shyam (1994), Experimental Methods: A Primer for Economists, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • FRİEDMAN, Daniel and CASSAR, Alessandra (2004), “Markets”, Friedman, D. – Cassar, A. (Eds.), Economics Lab: An Intensive Course in Experimental Economics, London and New York, Routledge, s. 83-91.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Milton (1953), “The Methodology of Positive Economics”, Friedman, M. (ed.), Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, s.3-43.
  • • GIGERENZER, Gerd (1984), “External Validity of Laboratory Experiments: The Frequency-Validity Relationship”, The American Journal of Psychology, Vol.97, No:2, s.185-195.
  • • GILBOA, Itzhak and SCHMEIDLER, David (2004), A Theory of Case-Based Decisions, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • GNEEZY, Uri and LIST, John A. (2006), “Putting Behavioral Economics to Work: Testing for Gift Exchange in Labor Markets Using Field Experiments”, Econometrica, Vol.74, No:5, s.1365-1384.
  • • GUALA, Francesco (1998), “Experiments as Mediators in the Non-Laboratory Sciences”, Philosophica, Vol.62, s. 901-918.
  • • GUALA, Francesco (2005), The Methodology of Experimental Economics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • HARRISON, Glenn W. and LIST, John A. (2005), “Naturally Occuring Markets and Exogenous Laboratory Experiments: A Case Study of the Winner’s Curse”, The Economic Journal, Vol.118, s. 822-843.
  • • HERTWIG, Ralph and ORTMANN, Andreas (2001), “Experimental Practices in Economics: A Methodological Challenge for Psychologists?”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol.24, s. 383-451.
  • • HEY, John D. (1994), “Introduction and Overview”, Hey, J.D. (Ed.), Experimental Economics: Studies in Emprical Economics, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, s.1-4.
  • • HOFFMAN, Elizabeth, MCCABE, Kevin A. ve SMITH, Vernon L. (1996), “On Expectations and the Monetary Stakes in Ultimatum Games”, International Journal of Game Theory, Vol.25, No:3, s. 289-301.
  • • HOLT, Charles, A. (2007), Markets, Games, & Strategic Behavior, Boston, MA, Pearson.
  • • ISAAC, Robert Mark (2008 ), “Smith, Vernon L. 1927–” Darity, W.A. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia for the Social Sciences, 2nd Ed. Vol.9, Farmington, MI, Macmillan Reference, • JALLAIS, Sophie and PRADIER, Pierre Charles (2005), “The Allais Paradox and its Immediate Consequences for Expected Utility Theory”, Fontaine, Philippe.Leonard, Robert (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London, New York,Routledge, s.21-42.
  • • JOHANSSON-STENMAN, Olof, MAHMUD, Minhaj and MARTINSSON Peter (2005), “Does the Size of Stake Matter in Trust Games?”, Economics Letters, Vol.88, s.365-369.
  • • KAHNEMAN, Daniel and TVERSKY, Amos (1979), “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk”, Econometrica, Vol.47, No:2, s. 263-291.
  • • KETCHAM, Jon, SMITH, Vernon L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1984), “A Comparison of Posted-Offer and Double-Auction Pricing Institutions”, Review of Economic Studies, Vol.167, s.595-614.
  • • KIM, Beomsoo , BARUA, Anitesh and WHINSTON, Andrew B. (2001), “Virtual Field Experiments for a Digital Economy: A New Research Methodology for Exploring an Information Economy”, Decision Support Systems, Vol.32, s.215-231.
  • • KIRZNER, Israel. M. (1976), “Foreword”, in Mises, L.V., The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science : An Essay on Method, Kansas City, Sheed, Andrews and McMeel, s. i- vi.
  • • KOCHER, Martin G., MARTINSSON, Peter ve VISSER, Martine (2006), “ Does Stake Size Matter for Cooperation and Punishment?”, Economics Letters, Vol.99, No:3, s.508-511.
  • • KROLL, Yoram, LEVY, Haim and RAPOPORT, Amnon (1988), “Experimental Tests of the Separation Theorem and the Capital Asset Pricing Model”, The American Economic Review, Vol.78, No:3, 500-51.
  • • KUJAL, Praveen (1994), “Firm-specific Output Limits in a Posted Offer Market: Distributive and Efficiency Effects”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.25, s. 257-269.
  • • LEE, Jinkwon (2007), “Repetition and Financial Incentives in Economics Experiments”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol.21, No: 3, s.628-54.
  • • LEVITT, Steven D. and LIST, John A. (2009), “Field experiments in Economics: The Past, the Present, and the Future”, European Economic Review, Vol.53, s.1-18.
  • • LICHTENSTEIN, Sarah and SLOVIC, Paul (1971), “Reversals of Preference Between Bids and Choices in Gambling Decisions”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.89, s.46-55.
  • • LIST, John A. (2009), “ An Introduction to Field Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.70, No:3, s.439-442.
  • • LIST, John A. (2001), “Do Explicit Warnings Eliminate the Hypothetical Bias in Elicitation Procedures? Evidence from Field Auctions for Sportscards”, American Economic Review, Vol.91, No:5, s. 1498-1507.
  • • LIST, John A. (2006), “The Behaviorlist Meets the Market: Measuring Social Preferences and Reputation Effects in Actual Transactions”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 114, s.1-37.
  • • LOOMES, Graham and SUGDEN, Robert (1982), “Regret Theory: An Alternative Theory of Rational Choice under Uncertainty”, Economic Journal, Vol.92, s. 805-24. • LUSK, Jayson L., PRUITT, J.R. and NORWOOD, Bailey (2006), “External Validity of a Framed Field Experiment”, Economics Letters, Vol.93, s.285-290.
  • • MACHINA, J. Mark (1982), “Expected Utility Analysis without the Independence Axiom”, Econometrica, Vol.50, s.277-323.
  • • MCEACHERN, William A. ( 2006), Economics: A Contemporary Introduction,8th Ed., Cincinnati, South-Western /Cengage Learning.
  • • MESTELMAN, Stuart and WELLAND, Douglas (1991), “The Effects of Rent Asymmetries in Markets Characterized by Advance Production: A Comparison of Trading Institutions”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.15, s. 387-40
  • • MILL, John Stuart (1970), “Two Methods of Comparison”, Etzioni, A.- Dubow, F. (Eds.), Comparative Perspectives: Theories and Methods, Boston, Little Brown, (Original work published 1888), s.205-213.
  • • MILL, John Stuart (1967), “Essays on Economics and Society Part I”, Robson, J. M. (Ed.), Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume IV., Toronto and London, University of Toronto Press and Routledge & Kegan Paul, (Original work published 1844).
  • • MISES, Ludwig Von (1963), Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, 4th Ed., San Francisco, Fox&Wilkes.
  • • NASH, John F. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem”, Econometrica, Vol.18, No:2, s. 155-162.
  • • NIKIFORAKIS, Nikos (2010), “For the Student: Experimental Economics”, The Australian Economic Review, Vol.43, No.3, s.337-45.
  • • NOBELPRIZE.ORG. (2002), “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002”, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ economics/laureates/2002/, 12.01.2012.
  • • PATZER, Gordon L. (1996), “Experiment-Research Methodology in Marketing: Types and Applications”, Westport, CT, Quorum Books.
  • • PLOTT, Charles R. and SMITH, VERNON L. ( 2008), Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Volume 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland.
  • • PLOUS, Scott (1993), The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • • QUIGGIN, John (1982), “A Theory of Anticipated Utility”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.3, No.4, s. 323-343.
  • • RASSENTI, Stephen J. , SMITH, Vernon L. and WILSON, Bart J. (2002), “Controlling Market Power and Price Spikes in Electricity Networks: Demand side Bidding”, Working Paper, Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, George Mason University, Arlington.
  • • READ, Daniel (2005), “Monetary Incentives, What are They Good For?”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No.2, s. 265-276.
  • • REILEY, David H. and LIST, John .A. (2007), “Field Experiments in Economics”, Durlauf, S. N. - Blume, L. E. (Eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Ed., London, Palgrave Mcmillian.
  • • RIZVI, S. Abu Turab (2005), “Experimentation, General Equilibrium and Games”, Fontaine, P- Leonard, R. (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London and New York, Routledge, s.43-61.
  • • ROBBINS, Lionel (1981 ), “Economics and Political Economy”, The American Economic Review, Vol.71, No:2, s.1-10.
  • • ROBBINS, Lionel (1984), An Essay on The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 3th Ed., Basingstoke, Macmillan.
  • • ROE, Brian and JUST, Brian (2009), “Internal and External Validity in Economics Research: Tradeoffs between Experiments, Field Experiments, Natural Experiments and Field Data”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.91, No:5, s.1266-1271. • ROTH, Alvin E. (1995), “Introduction to Experimenatal Economics, Kagel, J.H.- Roth, A.E. (Eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, s. 4- 109.
  • • ROTH, Alvin E. (1987), “Bargaining Phenomena and Bargaining Theory”, Roth , A.E. (Ed.), Laboratory Experimentation in Economics Six Points of View, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, s. 14-41.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and HARNETT, Donald L. (1964), “Bargaining Behavior: A Comparison between Mature Industrial Personnel and College Students”, Operations Research, Vol.12, No:2, s. 334-343.
  • • SAGAL, Paul T. (1977), “Epistemology of Economics”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science, Vol.8, No:1, s. 144-162.
  • • SAMUELSON, Paul A. and NORDHAUS, William D. (1985), Economics, 12th Ed., New York, McGraw Hill Company.
  • • SANTOS, Ana Cordeiro dos (2010), The Social Epistemology of Experimental Economics, London, Routledge..
  • • SCHRAM, Arthur (2005), “Artificiality: The Tension between Internal and External Validity in Economic Experiments”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No:2, s. 225-237.
  • • SEGAL, Uzi (1987), “The Ellsberg Paradox and Risk Aversion: An Anticipated Utility Approach, International Economic Review, Vol.28, No:1, s. 175-202.
  • • SELTEN, Richard (2003), “Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics”, Galavotti, M.C. (Ed.), Observation and Experiment in the Natural and Social Sciences, Dordrecht-Boston, Kluwer, s.63-70.
  • • SHAPLEY, Lloyd and SHUBIK, Martin (1977), “Trade Using One Commodity as a Means of Payment,. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.85, No:5, s.937-968. • SHUBİK, Martin (1954), “Does the Fittest Necessarily Survive?”, Shubik, M. (Ed.), Readings in Game Theory and Political Behavior, Garden City, NJ, Doubleday, s.43-46.
  • • SHUBİK, Martin (1959), Strategy and Market Structure, New York, Wiley.
  • • SIAKANTARIS, Nikos (2000), “Experimental Economics under the Microscope”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.24, No.3, s.267-281.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1957), “Level of Aspiration and Decision Making”, Psychological Review, Vol.64, No:4, s.253-262.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and GOLDSTEIN, Donald Aaron (1959), “Decision-Making Behavior in a Two-Choice Uncertain Outcome Situation”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.57, No: 1, s. 37-42.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1959), “Theoretical Models of Choice and Strategy Behavior: Stable State Behavior in the Two-Choice Uncertain Outcome Situation”, Psychometrika, Vol.24, No:4, s. 303-316.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1961), “Decision Making and Learning Under Varying Conditions of Reinforcement”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol.89, No:5, s.766-783.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and FOURAKER, Lawrence E. (1960), Bargaining and Group Decision Making, New York, McGraw- Hill Book Co.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1962), “An Experimental Study of Competitive Market Behavior”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.70, No:2, s.111-37.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1965), “Experimental Auction Markets and the Walrasian Hypothesis”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.73, No:4, s. 387-393.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1979). “An Experimental Comparison of Three Public Good Decision Mechanisms”, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol.81, No:2, s.198-215.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1980), “Experiments with a Decentralized Mechanism for Public Good Decisions”, The American Economic Review, Vol.70, No:4, s.584-599 . • SMITH Vernon L., SUCHANEK, Gerry L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1988), “Bubbles, Crashes, and Endogenous Expectations in Experimental Spot Asset Markets”, Econometrica, Vol.56, s. 1119-1151.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1991), “An experimental Comparison of Alternative Rules for Competitive Market Exchange”, Smith, Vernon L. (Ed.), Papers in Experimental Economics New York and Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, s.172-199.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L.,WILLIAMS, Arlington W. , BRATTON, W. Kenneth and VANNONI, Michael G. (1982), “Double Auctions vs Sealed Bid-OfferAauctions, American Economic Review, Vol.72, No:1, s. 58-77.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1991), “Bidding and Auctioning Institutions: Empirical Results”, Smith, V.L. (Ed.), Papers in Experimental Economics, New York and Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, s.236-253.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1992), “Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences”, Weintraub, E.R. (Ed.), Toward a History of Game Theory, Annual Supplement to History of Political Economy, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, s. 241-282.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L and Williams, Arlington W. (1990), “The Boundaries of Competitive Price Theory: Convergence, Expectations and Transactions Costs”, Green, L.- Kagel, j. (Eds.), Advances in Behavioral Economics 2, New York, Ablex Publishing, s. 3-35.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. and Walker, James M. (1993), “Monetary Rewards and Decision Cost in Experimental Economics”, Economic Inquiry, Vol.31, No:2, s.245-261. • SMITH, Vernon L.(1982), “Microeconomic Systems as an Experimental Science”, American Economic Review, Vol.72, No:5, s. 923-955.
  • • STARMER, Chris (1999), “Experiments in Economics: Should We Trust the Dismal Scientists in White Coats?”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.6, No:1, s. 1• SUGDEN, Robert (2005), “Experiment, Theory, World: A Symposium on the Role of Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No:2, s.177-184.
  • • SUNDER, Shyam (1995), “Experimental Asset Markets: A Survey”, Kagel, J.H. – Roth, A.E. (Eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press,s. 445-500.
  • • THISTLE, Paul D. (1987), “The Rationale for Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Behavioral Economics, Vol.16, No:4, s.41-53.
  • • THURSTONE, L. L. (1931), “The Indifference Function”, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.2, No.2, s. 139-167.
  • • TVERSKY, Amos and KAHNEMAN, Daniel (1992), “Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol.5, s.297-323.
  • • WALLIS, W.Allen and FRIEDMAN, Milton (1942), “The Empirical Derivation of Indifference Functions”, Lange, O - McIntyre, F.- Yntema, T.O. (Eds.), Studies in Mathematical Economics and Econometrics in Memory of Henry Schultz, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, s.175-189.
  • • WILSON, Fred (2002), “John Stuart Mill”, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2009/entries/mill/, 11.10.2011
  • • WOLD, Herman and JUREEN, Lars (1953), Demand Analysis, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
  • • WUNDT, Wilhelm Max (1897), Outlines of psychology (Translated by C. H. Judd), Leipzig, Engelmann.

İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 48, 0 - , 11.12.2013

Müslüm Basılgan

Öz

İktisat dünyasında deneysel yöntemin kullanımı özellikle iktisadi davranışların oldukça karmaşık özelliklere sahip olması ve homo economicus ile şekillenen insan modellemesi nedeniyle uzun yıllar büyük bir dirençle karşılaşmıştır. Fakat 1940'larda iktisadın bu insan modellemesine yönelik eleştiriler yüksek sesle ifade edilmeye başlanmış ve piyasa yapılarına yönelik deneysel çalışmalar ile bu konuda ilk adımlar atılmıştır. 1960 ve 70'lerde bireysel karar verme üzerine yapılan deneysel çalışmalar ile de bu süreç hızlanmıştır. Bu çalışmaların önemi Nobel Komitesi'nin 2002 yıllında deneysel iktisatta yaptığı katkılardan dolayı Vernon Smith'e ödül vermesiyle de tescillenmiştir. İktisatta yapılan bu deneysel çalışmaların en önemli katkısı iktisat teorilerinin gerçek hayatta ne derece geçerli olduğu sorusunun cevabını bulmada yardımcı olmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deneysel İktisat Alan Deneyleri Laboratuar Deneyleri Teşvikler Metodoloji

Kaynakça

  • • ALLAIS, Maurice (1953), “Le Comportement de l’Homme Rationnel devant le Risque: Critique des Postulats et Axiomes de l’Ecole Americaine (The Behavior of the Rational Man under Risk: Critique of the Postulates and Axioms of the American School)”, Econometrica, Vol.21, No.4, s.503-546.
  • • BACON, Francis (2000), The New Organon (Translated by L. Jardine-M. Silverthorne), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (Original work published 1814). • BRACHT, GLENN H. and GLASS, GENE V. (1968), “The External Validity of Experiments”, American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 5, No:4, s. 437-474. • BROOKSHIRE, David, COURSEY, Don L. and SCHULZE, William D. (1987), “The External Validity of Experimental Economics Techniques: Analysis of Demand Behavior”, Economic Inquiry, Vol.25, No: 2, s.239-50.
  • • STEPHEN, Burks, CARPENTER, Jeffrey and GOETTE, Lorenz (2009), “Performance Pay and Worker Cooperation: Evidence from an Artefactual Feld Experiment”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.70, No:3, s. 458-469.
  • • BLAUG, Mark (1992), The Methodology of Economics or How Economists Explain, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • • BUTLER, David J. and HEY, John D. (1987), “Experimental Economics: An introduction”, Empirica, Vol.14, s.157-186.
  • • CAGINALP, Gunduz, MCCABE, Kevin and PORTER, David (2003), “The Foundations of Experimental Economics and Applications to Behavioral Finance: The Contributions of Nobel Laureate Vernon Smith”, Journal of Behavioral Finance, Vol.4, No:1, s. 3-6.
  • • CAMERER, Colin F. and HOGARTH, Robin M. (1999), “The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework”, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol.19, No:1, s.7-42.
  • • CARPENTER , Jeffrey P., HARRISON, Glenn W. and LIST, John A. (2005), “Field Experiments in Economics: An Introduction”, Research in Experimental Economics, Vol.10, s. 1-16.
  • • CHAMBERLIN, Edward H. (1948), “An Experimental Imperfect Market”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.56, No:2, s. 95-108.
  • • CHAUDHURI, Ananish (2009), Experiments in Economics: Playing Fair with Money, Routledge, London and New York.
  • • CHEW, Soo Hong and MacCrimmon, Kenneth R.(1979), “Alpha-Nu Choice Theory: A Generalization of Expected Utility Theory”, Working Paper, No. 669, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
  • • CROSON, Rachel and GÄCHTER, Simon (2010), “The Science of Experimental Economics”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.73, s.122-131.
  • • CUNNINGHAM, Robert L. (1967), “Ethics and Game Theory: The Prisoner’s Dilemma”, Papers on Non-Market Decision Making, Vol.2, s. 11-26.
  • • DAVIS, Douglas D. and HOLT, Charles A. (1993), Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
  • • DAVIS, Douglas D. and WILLIAMS Arlington W. (1986), “The Effects of Rent Asymmetries in Posted Offer Markets”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.7, s. 303-316.
  • • DESCARTES, Rene (1998). Discourse on Method and Meditations On First Philosophy (Translated by D. A. Cress), Indianapolis /Cambridge, Hackett Publishing Company (Original work published 1637).
  • • DIMAND, Robert W. (2005), “Experimental Economic Games: The Early Years”, Fontaine, P. – Leonard R. (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London and New York: Routledge, s..5-20.
  • • COURSEY, Don L. and SMITH, Vernon L. (1983), “Price Controls in a Posted Offer Market, The American Economic Review, Vol. 73, No:1, s.218-221.
  • • ELLSBERG, Daniel (1961), “Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.75, No:4, s. 643-669.
  • • THE CONCISE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF CURRENT ENGLISH (1995), “Experiment”, Thompson, D. - Della, D. (Eds.), 9th ed., Oxford, Clarendon.
  • • CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH (1995), “Experiment”, Procter, P. (Ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • FISHBURN, Peter C. (1989), “Foundations of Decision Analysis: Along the Way”, Management Science, Vol.35, No:4, s. 387-405.
  • • FORSYTHE, Robert , HOROWITZ, Joel L., SAVIN, N. E.ve SEFTON, Martin (1994), “Fairness in Simple Bargaining Experiments”, Games and Economic Behavior, Vol.6, s. 347-369.
  • • FOURAKER, Lawrence E.and SIEGEL, Sidney (1963), Bargaining Behavior, New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Daniel and CASSAR, Alessandra (2004), “First principles: Induced Value Theory”, D. Friedman, D. – Cassar, A. (eds.), Economics Lab: An Intensive Course in Experimental Economics, London, UK, Routledge, s. 25-31.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Daniel and SUNDER, Shyam (1994), Experimental Methods: A Primer for Economists, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • FRİEDMAN, Daniel and CASSAR, Alessandra (2004), “Markets”, Friedman, D. – Cassar, A. (Eds.), Economics Lab: An Intensive Course in Experimental Economics, London and New York, Routledge, s. 83-91.
  • • FRIEDMAN, Milton (1953), “The Methodology of Positive Economics”, Friedman, M. (ed.), Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, s.3-43.
  • • GIGERENZER, Gerd (1984), “External Validity of Laboratory Experiments: The Frequency-Validity Relationship”, The American Journal of Psychology, Vol.97, No:2, s.185-195.
  • • GILBOA, Itzhak and SCHMEIDLER, David (2004), A Theory of Case-Based Decisions, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • GNEEZY, Uri and LIST, John A. (2006), “Putting Behavioral Economics to Work: Testing for Gift Exchange in Labor Markets Using Field Experiments”, Econometrica, Vol.74, No:5, s.1365-1384.
  • • GUALA, Francesco (1998), “Experiments as Mediators in the Non-Laboratory Sciences”, Philosophica, Vol.62, s. 901-918.
  • • GUALA, Francesco (2005), The Methodology of Experimental Economics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • • HARRISON, Glenn W. and LIST, John A. (2005), “Naturally Occuring Markets and Exogenous Laboratory Experiments: A Case Study of the Winner’s Curse”, The Economic Journal, Vol.118, s. 822-843.
  • • HERTWIG, Ralph and ORTMANN, Andreas (2001), “Experimental Practices in Economics: A Methodological Challenge for Psychologists?”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol.24, s. 383-451.
  • • HEY, John D. (1994), “Introduction and Overview”, Hey, J.D. (Ed.), Experimental Economics: Studies in Emprical Economics, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, s.1-4.
  • • HOFFMAN, Elizabeth, MCCABE, Kevin A. ve SMITH, Vernon L. (1996), “On Expectations and the Monetary Stakes in Ultimatum Games”, International Journal of Game Theory, Vol.25, No:3, s. 289-301.
  • • HOLT, Charles, A. (2007), Markets, Games, & Strategic Behavior, Boston, MA, Pearson.
  • • ISAAC, Robert Mark (2008 ), “Smith, Vernon L. 1927–” Darity, W.A. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia for the Social Sciences, 2nd Ed. Vol.9, Farmington, MI, Macmillan Reference, • JALLAIS, Sophie and PRADIER, Pierre Charles (2005), “The Allais Paradox and its Immediate Consequences for Expected Utility Theory”, Fontaine, Philippe.Leonard, Robert (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London, New York,Routledge, s.21-42.
  • • JOHANSSON-STENMAN, Olof, MAHMUD, Minhaj and MARTINSSON Peter (2005), “Does the Size of Stake Matter in Trust Games?”, Economics Letters, Vol.88, s.365-369.
  • • KAHNEMAN, Daniel and TVERSKY, Amos (1979), “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk”, Econometrica, Vol.47, No:2, s. 263-291.
  • • KETCHAM, Jon, SMITH, Vernon L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1984), “A Comparison of Posted-Offer and Double-Auction Pricing Institutions”, Review of Economic Studies, Vol.167, s.595-614.
  • • KIM, Beomsoo , BARUA, Anitesh and WHINSTON, Andrew B. (2001), “Virtual Field Experiments for a Digital Economy: A New Research Methodology for Exploring an Information Economy”, Decision Support Systems, Vol.32, s.215-231.
  • • KIRZNER, Israel. M. (1976), “Foreword”, in Mises, L.V., The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science : An Essay on Method, Kansas City, Sheed, Andrews and McMeel, s. i- vi.
  • • KOCHER, Martin G., MARTINSSON, Peter ve VISSER, Martine (2006), “ Does Stake Size Matter for Cooperation and Punishment?”, Economics Letters, Vol.99, No:3, s.508-511.
  • • KROLL, Yoram, LEVY, Haim and RAPOPORT, Amnon (1988), “Experimental Tests of the Separation Theorem and the Capital Asset Pricing Model”, The American Economic Review, Vol.78, No:3, 500-51.
  • • KUJAL, Praveen (1994), “Firm-specific Output Limits in a Posted Offer Market: Distributive and Efficiency Effects”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.25, s. 257-269.
  • • LEE, Jinkwon (2007), “Repetition and Financial Incentives in Economics Experiments”, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol.21, No: 3, s.628-54.
  • • LEVITT, Steven D. and LIST, John A. (2009), “Field experiments in Economics: The Past, the Present, and the Future”, European Economic Review, Vol.53, s.1-18.
  • • LICHTENSTEIN, Sarah and SLOVIC, Paul (1971), “Reversals of Preference Between Bids and Choices in Gambling Decisions”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.89, s.46-55.
  • • LIST, John A. (2009), “ An Introduction to Field Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.70, No:3, s.439-442.
  • • LIST, John A. (2001), “Do Explicit Warnings Eliminate the Hypothetical Bias in Elicitation Procedures? Evidence from Field Auctions for Sportscards”, American Economic Review, Vol.91, No:5, s. 1498-1507.
  • • LIST, John A. (2006), “The Behaviorlist Meets the Market: Measuring Social Preferences and Reputation Effects in Actual Transactions”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 114, s.1-37.
  • • LOOMES, Graham and SUGDEN, Robert (1982), “Regret Theory: An Alternative Theory of Rational Choice under Uncertainty”, Economic Journal, Vol.92, s. 805-24. • LUSK, Jayson L., PRUITT, J.R. and NORWOOD, Bailey (2006), “External Validity of a Framed Field Experiment”, Economics Letters, Vol.93, s.285-290.
  • • MACHINA, J. Mark (1982), “Expected Utility Analysis without the Independence Axiom”, Econometrica, Vol.50, s.277-323.
  • • MCEACHERN, William A. ( 2006), Economics: A Contemporary Introduction,8th Ed., Cincinnati, South-Western /Cengage Learning.
  • • MESTELMAN, Stuart and WELLAND, Douglas (1991), “The Effects of Rent Asymmetries in Markets Characterized by Advance Production: A Comparison of Trading Institutions”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.15, s. 387-40
  • • MILL, John Stuart (1970), “Two Methods of Comparison”, Etzioni, A.- Dubow, F. (Eds.), Comparative Perspectives: Theories and Methods, Boston, Little Brown, (Original work published 1888), s.205-213.
  • • MILL, John Stuart (1967), “Essays on Economics and Society Part I”, Robson, J. M. (Ed.), Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume IV., Toronto and London, University of Toronto Press and Routledge & Kegan Paul, (Original work published 1844).
  • • MISES, Ludwig Von (1963), Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, 4th Ed., San Francisco, Fox&Wilkes.
  • • NASH, John F. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem”, Econometrica, Vol.18, No:2, s. 155-162.
  • • NIKIFORAKIS, Nikos (2010), “For the Student: Experimental Economics”, The Australian Economic Review, Vol.43, No.3, s.337-45.
  • • NOBELPRIZE.ORG. (2002), “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002”, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ economics/laureates/2002/, 12.01.2012.
  • • PATZER, Gordon L. (1996), “Experiment-Research Methodology in Marketing: Types and Applications”, Westport, CT, Quorum Books.
  • • PLOTT, Charles R. and SMITH, VERNON L. ( 2008), Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Volume 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland.
  • • PLOUS, Scott (1993), The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • • QUIGGIN, John (1982), “A Theory of Anticipated Utility”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.3, No.4, s. 323-343.
  • • RASSENTI, Stephen J. , SMITH, Vernon L. and WILSON, Bart J. (2002), “Controlling Market Power and Price Spikes in Electricity Networks: Demand side Bidding”, Working Paper, Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, George Mason University, Arlington.
  • • READ, Daniel (2005), “Monetary Incentives, What are They Good For?”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No.2, s. 265-276.
  • • REILEY, David H. and LIST, John .A. (2007), “Field Experiments in Economics”, Durlauf, S. N. - Blume, L. E. (Eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Ed., London, Palgrave Mcmillian.
  • • RIZVI, S. Abu Turab (2005), “Experimentation, General Equilibrium and Games”, Fontaine, P- Leonard, R. (Eds.), The Experiment in the History of Economics, London and New York, Routledge, s.43-61.
  • • ROBBINS, Lionel (1981 ), “Economics and Political Economy”, The American Economic Review, Vol.71, No:2, s.1-10.
  • • ROBBINS, Lionel (1984), An Essay on The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 3th Ed., Basingstoke, Macmillan.
  • • ROE, Brian and JUST, Brian (2009), “Internal and External Validity in Economics Research: Tradeoffs between Experiments, Field Experiments, Natural Experiments and Field Data”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.91, No:5, s.1266-1271. • ROTH, Alvin E. (1995), “Introduction to Experimenatal Economics, Kagel, J.H.- Roth, A.E. (Eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, s. 4- 109.
  • • ROTH, Alvin E. (1987), “Bargaining Phenomena and Bargaining Theory”, Roth , A.E. (Ed.), Laboratory Experimentation in Economics Six Points of View, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, s. 14-41.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and HARNETT, Donald L. (1964), “Bargaining Behavior: A Comparison between Mature Industrial Personnel and College Students”, Operations Research, Vol.12, No:2, s. 334-343.
  • • SAGAL, Paul T. (1977), “Epistemology of Economics”, Journal for General Philosophy of Science, Vol.8, No:1, s. 144-162.
  • • SAMUELSON, Paul A. and NORDHAUS, William D. (1985), Economics, 12th Ed., New York, McGraw Hill Company.
  • • SANTOS, Ana Cordeiro dos (2010), The Social Epistemology of Experimental Economics, London, Routledge..
  • • SCHRAM, Arthur (2005), “Artificiality: The Tension between Internal and External Validity in Economic Experiments”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No:2, s. 225-237.
  • • SEGAL, Uzi (1987), “The Ellsberg Paradox and Risk Aversion: An Anticipated Utility Approach, International Economic Review, Vol.28, No:1, s. 175-202.
  • • SELTEN, Richard (2003), “Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics”, Galavotti, M.C. (Ed.), Observation and Experiment in the Natural and Social Sciences, Dordrecht-Boston, Kluwer, s.63-70.
  • • SHAPLEY, Lloyd and SHUBIK, Martin (1977), “Trade Using One Commodity as a Means of Payment,. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.85, No:5, s.937-968. • SHUBİK, Martin (1954), “Does the Fittest Necessarily Survive?”, Shubik, M. (Ed.), Readings in Game Theory and Political Behavior, Garden City, NJ, Doubleday, s.43-46.
  • • SHUBİK, Martin (1959), Strategy and Market Structure, New York, Wiley.
  • • SIAKANTARIS, Nikos (2000), “Experimental Economics under the Microscope”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.24, No.3, s.267-281.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1957), “Level of Aspiration and Decision Making”, Psychological Review, Vol.64, No:4, s.253-262.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and GOLDSTEIN, Donald Aaron (1959), “Decision-Making Behavior in a Two-Choice Uncertain Outcome Situation”, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.57, No: 1, s. 37-42.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1959), “Theoretical Models of Choice and Strategy Behavior: Stable State Behavior in the Two-Choice Uncertain Outcome Situation”, Psychometrika, Vol.24, No:4, s. 303-316.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney (1961), “Decision Making and Learning Under Varying Conditions of Reinforcement”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol.89, No:5, s.766-783.
  • • SIEGEL, Sidney and FOURAKER, Lawrence E. (1960), Bargaining and Group Decision Making, New York, McGraw- Hill Book Co.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1962), “An Experimental Study of Competitive Market Behavior”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.70, No:2, s.111-37.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1965), “Experimental Auction Markets and the Walrasian Hypothesis”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.73, No:4, s. 387-393.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1979). “An Experimental Comparison of Three Public Good Decision Mechanisms”, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol.81, No:2, s.198-215.
  • • SMITH , Vernon L. (1980), “Experiments with a Decentralized Mechanism for Public Good Decisions”, The American Economic Review, Vol.70, No:4, s.584-599 . • SMITH Vernon L., SUCHANEK, Gerry L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1988), “Bubbles, Crashes, and Endogenous Expectations in Experimental Spot Asset Markets”, Econometrica, Vol.56, s. 1119-1151.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. and WILLIAMS, Arlington W. (1991), “An experimental Comparison of Alternative Rules for Competitive Market Exchange”, Smith, Vernon L. (Ed.), Papers in Experimental Economics New York and Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, s.172-199.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L.,WILLIAMS, Arlington W. , BRATTON, W. Kenneth and VANNONI, Michael G. (1982), “Double Auctions vs Sealed Bid-OfferAauctions, American Economic Review, Vol.72, No:1, s. 58-77.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1991), “Bidding and Auctioning Institutions: Empirical Results”, Smith, V.L. (Ed.), Papers in Experimental Economics, New York and Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, s.236-253.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. (1992), “Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences”, Weintraub, E.R. (Ed.), Toward a History of Game Theory, Annual Supplement to History of Political Economy, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, s. 241-282.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L and Williams, Arlington W. (1990), “The Boundaries of Competitive Price Theory: Convergence, Expectations and Transactions Costs”, Green, L.- Kagel, j. (Eds.), Advances in Behavioral Economics 2, New York, Ablex Publishing, s. 3-35.
  • • SMITH, Vernon L. and Walker, James M. (1993), “Monetary Rewards and Decision Cost in Experimental Economics”, Economic Inquiry, Vol.31, No:2, s.245-261. • SMITH, Vernon L.(1982), “Microeconomic Systems as an Experimental Science”, American Economic Review, Vol.72, No:5, s. 923-955.
  • • STARMER, Chris (1999), “Experiments in Economics: Should We Trust the Dismal Scientists in White Coats?”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.6, No:1, s. 1• SUGDEN, Robert (2005), “Experiment, Theory, World: A Symposium on the Role of Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Economic Methodology, Vol.12, No:2, s.177-184.
  • • SUNDER, Shyam (1995), “Experimental Asset Markets: A Survey”, Kagel, J.H. – Roth, A.E. (Eds.), The Handbook of Experimental Economics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press,s. 445-500.
  • • THISTLE, Paul D. (1987), “The Rationale for Experiments in Economics”, Journal of Behavioral Economics, Vol.16, No:4, s.41-53.
  • • THURSTONE, L. L. (1931), “The Indifference Function”, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.2, No.2, s. 139-167.
  • • TVERSKY, Amos and KAHNEMAN, Daniel (1992), “Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol.5, s.297-323.
  • • WALLIS, W.Allen and FRIEDMAN, Milton (1942), “The Empirical Derivation of Indifference Functions”, Lange, O - McIntyre, F.- Yntema, T.O. (Eds.), Studies in Mathematical Economics and Econometrics in Memory of Henry Schultz, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, s.175-189.
  • • WILSON, Fred (2002), “John Stuart Mill”, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2009/entries/mill/, 11.10.2011
  • • WOLD, Herman and JUREEN, Lars (1953), Demand Analysis, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
  • • WUNDT, Wilhelm Max (1897), Outlines of psychology (Translated by C. H. Judd), Leipzig, Engelmann.
Toplam 109 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Müslüm Basılgan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Aralık 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Basılgan, M. (2013). İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi(48).
AMA Basılgan M. İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2013;(48).
Chicago Basılgan, Müslüm. “İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 48 (Aralık 2013).
EndNote Basılgan M (01 Aralık 2013) İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 48
IEEE M. Basılgan, “İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 48, Aralık 2013.
ISNAD Basılgan, Müslüm. “İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 48 (Aralık 2013).
JAMA Basılgan M. İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013.
MLA Basılgan, Müslüm. “İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 48, 2013.
Vancouver Basılgan M. İKTİSAT VE DENEYSEL YÖNTEM: DENEYLER, TARTIŞMALAR VE GELECEK. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013(48).
 Kapak Resmi İndir