The Influence of Physical, Physiological and Biomotor Characteristics in Determining Young Female Footballer Profile

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 1 - 12, 20.12.2017

Tuba Kızılet Bozdoğan Ali Kızılet

Öz

Purpose: The
physical characteristics such as high-intensity running performance, repeated
sprint ability and speed contribute to elite performance, along with the
tactical and technical qualities of a successful match in football. The aim of
the study in this context is to evaluate some physical and motoristic
characteristics of the young female footballers at the national level and try
to create a database that will help determine the female footballer profile.

Method: In our study, 20 female (age: 17,9 ± 1,37,
weight: 56,9 ± 7,09 kg and height: 165,1 ± 08 cm.) team of football players
were participated. 20 m shuttle run test, repetitive sprint test and force test
were applied to the athletes. Pearson correlation was performed and descriptive
statistics (averages and standard deviations) for all values. The level of
significance was determined as p <0.05.

Findings: There was a relationship between anthropometric
characteristics and repeates sprint values and endurance capacity in female
soccer players (p <0,05). In addition, there is a relationship between
fatigue index values with the repeated sprint average (r = .599), best sprint
(r = 870) and final lactate (r = 508) and the best sprint has a positive
correlation between repeated sprint mean (r = 847), final lactate values (r =
526) and maximal vertical jump (r = -403). In addition, negative correlation
was found between repeated sprint final lactate values and sprint end pulse
values (r = -415) and maxVo2 value and sprint mean value (r = -499) (p
<0,05). All other parameters were not statistically related to each other
(p> 0,05).

Discussion: The importance of VO2max, repetitive sprinting
ability, total distance and number of ball contacts made in soccer play are
important (Helgerud et al., 2001). For this reason, the ability to complete
repetitive sprints during a match can affect the outcome of a football match.
Coaches should not ignore the practice of training that can improve the maximum
acceleration rate or the strength development rate and power capacity and at
the same time the ability to complete repetitive maximal effort.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Women soccer, Repeated sprint ability, Strength, Endurance

Genç Kadın Futbolcu Profilini Belirlemede Fiziksel, Fizyolojik ve Biomotor Özelliklerin Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Futbolda başarılı bir maçın sonucu taktiksel ve teknik kaliteyle
birlikte, yüksek şiddetli koşu performansı, tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ve hız
gibi fiziksel özellikler elit performansa katkıda bulunur. Bu bağlamda
çalışmanın amacı, ulusal düzeydeki genç kadın futbolcuların bazı fiziksel ve
motorsal özelliklerini değerlendirmek ve kadın futbolcu profilini belirlemek için
veri tabanı oluşturmaya çalışmaktır.

Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 20 kadın (yaş: 17,9±1,37; kilo: 56,9±7,09
kg. ve boy: 165,1±08 cm.) futbol oyuncusu araştırma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Sunulan çalışmada sporculara 20 m
mekik koşusu testi, tekrarlı sprint testi ve kuvvet testleri uygulanmıştır. Tüm
değerlerin tanımlayıcı istatistik (ortalamaları ve standart sapmalarına) ve değişkenlerin
birbiriyle arasındaki ilişkileri için Pearson korelasyon yapılmıştır. Anlamlılık
düzeyi p<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Antropometrik özellikler ile tekrarlı sprint değerleri
ve dayanıklılık kapasitesi açısından ilişki çıkmıştır (p<0,05). Genç kadın
futbolcuların yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin tekrarlı sprint ortalama (r=.599),
en iyi sprint (r= 870) ve son laktat (r= 508) değerleri ile ve en iyi sprintin
de sprint ortalama (r= 847), son laktat (r= 526) ve maksimal dikey sıçrama
(r=-403) arasında pozitif yönde ilişki vardır. Ayrıca tekrarlı sprint son
laktat ile tekrarlı sprint son nabız değerleri (r=-415) ve maxVo2 ile sprint
ortalama değeri ile arasında negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-499)
(p<0,05). Diğer tüm parametrelerin birbiri ile arasında istatiksel açıdan
ilişki çıkmamıştır (p>0,05).

Tartışma: VO2max'ın,
tekrarlanan sprint yeteneği, toplam mesafeyi ve futbol oynamasında yapılan top
kontaklarının sayısı önemlidir (Helgerud ve ark., 2001). Bu sebeplerle maç esnasında tekrarlanan sprintleri
tamamlama yeteneği, bir futbol maçının sonucunu etkileyebilir. Antrenörler maksimum
hızlanma hızını ya da kuvvet gelişim oranını ve güç kapasitesini ve aynı
zamanda tekrarlanan maksimal eforları tamamlama yeteneğini geliştirebilen
antrenmanları uygulamayı göz ardı etmemelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın futbolu, Tekrarlı Sprint Yeteneği, Kuvvet

Kaynakça

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