Potential Unexplored? Tourism and Economic Growth of Bangladesh
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 63 - 77, 30.06.2020
Basharat Hossaın
Syed Naimul Wadood
Öz
This paper examines the potential effects of tourism on the economic growth of Bangladesh. It is a review paper of the literature based on secondary data. This paper discusses various aspects regarding the effects of the tourism industry on the overall economic progress of the country, including real GDP growth, infrastructural development and employment generation. Since the tourism industry has a small share of revenue to the GDP of Bangladesh’s economy (at this moment), its contribution to economic growth is limited till now. This paper finds that the current size of the Bangladesh tourism economy is BDT 500 million. Besides, Bangladesh earned USD 1157 million from tourism sector during 2009-2018 period. Each year, 0.55 million tourists (on average) visit Bangladesh in the same period. Moreover, it creates 2.23 million jobs each year. The travel and tourism sector contributes 4.4% of the GDP in each year. Bangladesh’s government ensures a lot of facilities for tourists.This article points out a number of issues that need to be considered in the tourism industry to play a more significant role regarding economic growth, and the overall socio-economic development of Bangladesh.
Destekleyen Kurum
The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
Kaynakça
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- Choice for Economic and Investment Research (CEIC). (2019). Bangladesh Tourism Revenue. Retrieved from: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bangladesh/tourism-revenue
- Das, R. K., & Chakraborty, J. (2012). An evaluative study on tourism in Bangladesh. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 84–95.
- De Esteban, J., Cetin, G., & Antonovica, A. (2015). Theory of knowledge of tourism: A sociological and epistemological reflection. Journal of Tourismology, 1(1), 2–15.
- Gökovali, U., & Bahar, O. (2006). Contribution of tourism to economic growth: A panel data approach. Anatolia, 17(2), 155–167. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2006.9687184
- Gokovali, U. (2010) Contribution of tourism to economic growth in Turkey. Anatolia, 21(1), 139– 153. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687095
- Golden Bengal Tours. (2019). Tourism Infrastructure & Facilities in Bangladesh, retrieved from: https://www.goldenbengaltours.com/tourism-infrastructure.php
- Kadir, N., & AbdKarim, M. Z. (2012). Tourism and economic growth in malaysia: Evidence from tourist arrivals from asean-s countries. Economic Research EkonomskaIstraživanja, 25(4), 1089–1100. doi: 10.1080/1331677X.2012.11517550
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- Ohlan, R. (2017). The relationship between tourism, financial development and economic growth in India. Future Business Journal, 3(1), 9–22.
- Planning Commission. (2015). Seventh Five Year Plan FY 2016- FY 2020, Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens, Final Draft, 11 November 2015, Dhaka : Bangladesh.
- Puah, C. H., Jong, M. C., Ayob, N., & Ismail, S. (2018). The ımpact of tourism on the local economy in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(12), 151–157.
- Rahman, S., & Chakma, J. (2018, December 14). Tourism Booming with Economy, The Daily Star, retrieved from: https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/tourism-boomingeconomy-1673479
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- Salam, R. (2014). Tourism & socio-economic development: Focus on Bangladesh, a destination country. International Journal of Business & Management (Toronto), 1(2), 88–98.
- Sayeda, T. (2017). The effects of mass tourism: An evaluative study on Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 22(5), 31–36.
- Stauvermann, P. J., Kumar, R. R. ., Shahzad, S. J. H., & Kumar, N. N. (2016). Effect of tourism on economic growth of Sri Lanka: accounting for capital per worker, exchange rate and structural breaks, Economic Change and Restructuring Springer, 51(1), 49–68.
- Sultana, S. (2016), Economic contribution of tourism ındustry in Bangladesh. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 22, 45–54.
- Tourism (2019). InCambridge Academic Content Dictionary online, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/tourism
- Tourism (2019a). In Collins Dictionary Online, retrieved from: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ dictionary/english/tourism
- Tourism (2019b). In Merriam-Webster Online, retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/tourism
- Trading Economics (2019). Bangladesh GDP, retrieved from: https://tradingeconomics.com/ bangladesh/gdp
- The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2009-2018), World Travel & Tourism Council report 2009-2018, retrieved from: https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/ country-data/
- UNWTO- United Nation World Tourism Organization (2010), UNWTO Statistics Guidelines 2010, retrieved from: http://www.tugberkugurlu.com/archive/definintion-of-tourism-unwtodefinition-of-tourism-what-is-tourism
- Yahya, F., Parameswaran, A., Ahmed, I., & Sebastian, R. (2005). The economic cost of tourism in Maldives. Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism (Zagreb), 53(1), 33–44.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 63 - 77, 30.06.2020
Basharat Hossaın
Syed Naimul Wadood
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, S. (2013, March 19). Tourism Industry in Bangladesh, The Daily Star, retrieved from: https://www.thedailystar.net/news/tourism-industry-in-bangladesh
- Airways office (2019). Top 10 Travel Agency in Bangladesh, retrieved from: https://airwaysoffice. com/top-10-travel-agency-in-bangladesh/
- Akan, Y., İbrahim, A., & Cem, I., (2007). The ımpact of tourism on economic growth: The case of Turkey. Journal of Tourism, 9, 1–24.
- Ali, M. B. (2013). Socio-economic ımpacts of tourism development: An empirical study on Cox’s Bazar. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 1(4), 205–211.
- Ali, A., Amin, S. B., & Momo, F. T. (2012). The Ethics of Tourism Development in Bangladesh, Paper presented at the 18th Bangladesh Economic Association Biennial Conference, 1314th September 2012, Dhaka, Bangladesh. retrieved from: bea-bd.org/site/images/pdf/ new17/12.pdf
- Amin, S. B., Murshed, M., & Rahman, S. (2017, February 8). Role of Rural Tourism Development in Bangladesh Economy, The Daily Sun, retrieved from: https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/ details/204066/Role-of-Rural-Tourism-Development-in-Bangladesh-Economy
- Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). (2019). Bangladesh Statistical Yearbook 2018, 38th Edition, P.35, Dhaka: Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
- Bangladesh Economic Review (BER). (2019). Macroeconomic situation, P.1-30, Dhaka: Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Retrieved from: https://mof.portal.gov.bd/ site/page/28ba57f5-59ff-4426-970a-bf014242179e/Bangladesh-Economic-Review
- Bangladesh Porjoton Corporation (BPC). (2019). Lokkho o Uddessyho (in Bangla), retrieved from:http://www.parjatan.gov.bd/site/page/68c2d54a-112f-4804-8624-9180bf59df98/
- Bhuiyan, A. H., & Darda, A. (2018). Prospects and potentials of halal tourism development in Bangladesh. Journal of Tourismology, 4(2), 93–106. doi: 10.26650/jot.2018.4.2.0007
- Camilleri, M. A. (2018). The Tourism Industry: An Overview, in Travel Marketing, Tourism Economics and the Airline Product, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.
- Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR). (2018). World Economic League Table 2019, A World Economic League Table with Forecasts for 193 Countries to 2033, Centre for Economics and Business Research. December 2018, 10th Edition , retrieved from: http:// assetsds.cdnedge.bluemix.net/sites/default/files/welt-2019-full-report.pdf
- Cetin, G. (2014). Sustaining tourism development through city tax: The case of Istanbul. E-review of Tourism Research, 11.
- Choice for Economic and Investment Research (CEIC). (2019). Bangladesh Tourism Revenue. Retrieved from: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bangladesh/tourism-revenue
- Das, R. K., & Chakraborty, J. (2012). An evaluative study on tourism in Bangladesh. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 84–95.
- De Esteban, J., Cetin, G., & Antonovica, A. (2015). Theory of knowledge of tourism: A sociological and epistemological reflection. Journal of Tourismology, 1(1), 2–15.
- Gökovali, U., & Bahar, O. (2006). Contribution of tourism to economic growth: A panel data approach. Anatolia, 17(2), 155–167. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2006.9687184
- Gokovali, U. (2010) Contribution of tourism to economic growth in Turkey. Anatolia, 21(1), 139– 153. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687095
- Golden Bengal Tours. (2019). Tourism Infrastructure & Facilities in Bangladesh, retrieved from: https://www.goldenbengaltours.com/tourism-infrastructure.php
- Kadir, N., & AbdKarim, M. Z. (2012). Tourism and economic growth in malaysia: Evidence from tourist arrivals from asean-s countries. Economic Research EkonomskaIstraživanja, 25(4), 1089–1100. doi: 10.1080/1331677X.2012.11517550
- knoema.com (2019), Bangladesh- Contribution of Travel and Tourism to GDP as a Share of GDP, retrieved from: https://knoema.com/atlas/Bangladesh/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-TourismTotal-Contribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDP-percent-of-GDP
- Kobra, M. K., Bhuiyan, K. H., & Zayed, N. M. (2018). Well and woes of tourism promotion in Bangladesh: Investment perspective. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 22(3), 1–8.
- Mahboob, A. M., & Parvin, R. (2010). Strategic management of tourism sector in Bangladesh to raise gross domestic product: An analysis. AIUB Bus Econ Working Paper Series, No 201004, from: https://orp.aiub.edu/FileZone/abewp/orpadmin-2010-048589862668081/AIUB-BUSECON-2010-04.pdf
- Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF). (2010). Climate Change and Tourism Industry in Bangladesh, Information Brief, project paper of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka: Bangladesh. Retrieved from: https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/tourism.pdf
- Ohlan, R. (2017). The relationship between tourism, financial development and economic growth in India. Future Business Journal, 3(1), 9–22.
- Planning Commission. (2015). Seventh Five Year Plan FY 2016- FY 2020, Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens, Final Draft, 11 November 2015, Dhaka : Bangladesh.
- Puah, C. H., Jong, M. C., Ayob, N., & Ismail, S. (2018). The ımpact of tourism on the local economy in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(12), 151–157.
- Rahman, S., & Chakma, J. (2018, December 14). Tourism Booming with Economy, The Daily Star, retrieved from: https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/tourism-boomingeconomy-1673479
- Rhaman, M. R. (2016). The Socio-economic Importance of Tourism and Its Impact on the Livelihood in South Asia Case Rangamati, Bangladesh, Bachelor`s Thesis,CentriaUniversity of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Tourism, May 2016, retrieved from: https://www. theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/116404/Rezaur_Rhaman.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Roy, S. C., & Roy, M. (2015). Tourism in Bangladesh: present status and future prospects. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 1(8), 53–61. doi: 10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.18.1006
- Salam, R. (2014). Tourism & socio-economic development: Focus on Bangladesh, a destination country. International Journal of Business & Management (Toronto), 1(2), 88–98.
- Sayeda, T. (2017). The effects of mass tourism: An evaluative study on Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 22(5), 31–36.
- Stauvermann, P. J., Kumar, R. R. ., Shahzad, S. J. H., & Kumar, N. N. (2016). Effect of tourism on economic growth of Sri Lanka: accounting for capital per worker, exchange rate and structural breaks, Economic Change and Restructuring Springer, 51(1), 49–68.
- Sultana, S. (2016), Economic contribution of tourism ındustry in Bangladesh. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 22, 45–54.
- Tourism (2019). InCambridge Academic Content Dictionary online, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/tourism
- Tourism (2019a). In Collins Dictionary Online, retrieved from: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ dictionary/english/tourism
- Tourism (2019b). In Merriam-Webster Online, retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary/tourism
- Trading Economics (2019). Bangladesh GDP, retrieved from: https://tradingeconomics.com/ bangladesh/gdp
- The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2009-2018), World Travel & Tourism Council report 2009-2018, retrieved from: https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/ country-data/
- UNWTO- United Nation World Tourism Organization (2010), UNWTO Statistics Guidelines 2010, retrieved from: http://www.tugberkugurlu.com/archive/definintion-of-tourism-unwtodefinition-of-tourism-what-is-tourism
- Yahya, F., Parameswaran, A., Ahmed, I., & Sebastian, R. (2005). The economic cost of tourism in Maldives. Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism (Zagreb), 53(1), 33–44.