Koyun (Kıvırcık Koyunu) ve Keçilerde (Kıl Keçisi) Ventriculus cordis'lerin Stereolojik Metot'la Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 21 - 37, 13.10.2010

Nazan Gezer İnce , K. OYA Kahvecioğlu

Öz

ÖZET

Bu çalışmada stereolojik bir yöntem kullanılarak Kıvırcık koyunu ile Kıl keçisinde kalp ventriküllerinin hacminin hesaplanması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, 30 adet Kıvırcık koyunu (15 erkek, 15 dişi) ve 30 adet Kıl keçisi (15 erkek, 15 dişi) olmak üzere toplam 60 hayvan kalbi kullanıldı. Kalbin ağırlık ölçümlerinden sonra, Cavalieri prensibi kullanılarak ventriculus cordis ve bölümlerinin (ventriculus dexter yan duvarı, ventriculus sinister yan duvarı, ventriculus dexter boşluğu, ventriculus sinister boşluğu ve septum interventriculare) hacimleri hesaplandı. Hesaplamalar sonucunda cinsiyet farklılığı göz önüne alınarak; karkas, kalp ve ventriculus'ların ağırlıkları ile kalpte hesaplanan hacim verilerinin ortalama değerleri alınarak tüm verilerin korelasyon analizleri yapıldı.

Kıvırcık koyunu ve Kıl keçilerinin cinsiyet farkı göz önüne alınarak ve alınmadan yapılan tür karşılaştırılmalarında ortalama değerler arasındaki farkın, p<0,01 ile p<0,001 düzeylerinde değişen öneme sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Cinsiyet farkı göz önüne alınmadan yapılan tür karşılaştırmalarında ventriculus dexter hacminde p<0,01; incelenen diğer özelliklerde p<0,001 düzeyinde öneme sahip farklar gözlendi. Cinsiyet farklılıkları göz önüne alınarak yapılan değerlendirmelerde ise ortalama değerler arasında erkek koyun (Koç) ve keçilerin (Teke) ventriculus dexter hacminde p<0,01 düzeyinde fark görülürken koyun ve keçilerde ventriculus dexter hacminin önem taşımadığı ancak dişilerde kalp ağırlığının p<0,01 seviyesinde önemli olduğu tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıvırcık koyunu, Kıl keçisi, kalp, hacim, stereoloji

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

EXAMINATION OF VENTRICULI CORDIS BY STEREOLOGIC METHOD

IN SHEEP (KIVIRCIK SHEEP) AND GOATS (HAIR GOAT)

 

The aim of this study was to determinate the heart ventricle volumes of Kivircik sheep and Hair goats by using a stereologic method. From thirty Kivircik sheeps (15 males and 15 females) and thirty Hair goats (15 males and 15 females) total sixty hearts were used. After weighing and recording the hearts, the volumes of ventricles and their sections (right ventricle's side wall, left ventricle's side wall, right ventricle cavity, left ventricle cavity, and interventricular septum) were calculated by Cavalieri principle. At the end of the calculations considering sex differentiations, corelation analysis of all the data were done by using the carcas, heart and ventriculi weights and the mean heart volumes.

At the species comparison of Kivircik sheep and Hair goats with and without sex variations, differences at p<0,01-p<0,001 levels were determined between the mean volumes without taking the sex variation into account, a p<0,01 level difference was observed in right ventricle volume and a p<0,001 difference in the other characteristics examined. At evalutions by considering the sex variations, there was a p<0,01 level difference between the mean values of right ventricle of (Rams) and bucks. In sheep and goats the right ventricle volume had no importance however, heart weight had a p<0,01 level significance.

Key Words: Kivircik Sheep, Hair Goat, heart, volume, stereology

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kıvırcık koyunu, Kıl keçisi, kalp, hacim, stereoloji

Kaynakça

• Aebischer, N.M., Czegledy, F., 1989. Determination of right ventricular volume by two-dimensional echocardiograpy with a crescentic model. Journal of the American Society of the Echocardiography 2 (2), 110-118.
• Aguila, M.B., Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C.A., Apfel, M.I., 1998. Stereology of the myocardium in young and aged rats. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 70 (2), 105-109 (abst).
• Al-Khawaja, I.M., Lahiri, A., Raftery, E.B., 1988. Measurement of absolute left ventricular volume by radionuclide angiography: a technical review. Nuclear Medicine Communications 9 (7), 495-504.
• Aytuğ, C.N., Alaçam, E. , Özkoç, Ü., Yalçın, C.B., Türker, H., Gökçen, H 1990. Koyun-Keçi Hastalıkları ve Yetiştiriciliği Tüm-Vet Hayvancılık Hizmetleri Yayını No: 2 İstanbul.
• Bertram, J.F., 2001. Counting in the kidney. Kidney International 59, 792-796.
• Boxt, L.M., 2005. CT anatomy of the heart. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 21 (1), 13-27.
• Brüel, A., Oxlund, H., Nyengaard, J.R., 2002. Growth hormone increases the total number of myocyte nuclei in the left ventricle of adult rats. IGF Research 12 (2), 106-115.
• Clatterbuck, R.E., Sipos, E.P., 1997. The effecient calculation of neurosurgically relevant volumes from computed tomographic scans using
• Cavalieri's Direct Estimator. Neurosurgery 40, 339-342.
• Cui, W., Anno, H., Kondo, T., Guo, Y., Sato, T., Sarai, M., Shinozaki, H., Kakizawa, S., Sugiura, K., Oshima, K., Katada, K., Hishida, H., 2004. Right ventricular volume measurement with single-plane Simpson's method based on a new half-circle model. International Journal of Cardiology 94 (2-3), 289-292.
• Çalışlar, T., 1965. Karaman koyun ve tiftik keçisi kalbi üzerinde komparativ incelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 38-53.
• Dubel, H.P., Sandring, K.H., Tschapek, A., 1988. Right ventricular volume: cine vs CT measurements. Cardiovascular and Intervention al Radiology 11(5), 300-302.
• Duebel, H.P., Romaniuk, P., Tschapek, A., 1984. Model studies on cast specimens of human right ventricles. Cor et Vasa 26, 210-219 (abst).
• Dursun, N., 2001. Veteriner Anatomi 2 Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
• Eichstaedt, H., Danne, O., Schroeder, R.J., Kreuz, D., 1992. Left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 70 (1), 79¬ 86 (abst).
• Ghoshal, N.G., 1975. Ruminant heart and arteries. İçinde: Getty R., editör. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5th ed., London: W.B. Saunder Company: pp. 960-1003.
• Glaser, J.R., Glaser, E.M., 2000. Stereology, morphometry and mapping: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 20, 115-126.
• Gundersen, H.J.G., Jensen, E.B., 1987. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and ıts prediction. Journal of Microscopy 147, 229-263.
• Helbing, W.A., Rebergen, S.A., Maliepaard, C., Hansen, B., Ottenkamp, J. , Reiber, J.H., Roos, A. 1995. Quantification of right ventricular function with magnetic resonance imaging in children with normal hearts and with congenital heart disease. American Heart Journal 130 (4), 828-837.
• Heusch, A., Koch, J.H., Krogmann, O.N., Korbmacher, B., Bourgeois, M., 1999. Volumetric analysis of the right and left ventricle in a porcine heart model: comparison of the three-dimensional echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiocardiography. European Journal of Ultrasound 9, 245-255.
• Howard, C.V., Reed, M.G. 1998. Unbiased stereology. Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy. Oxford: Bios, 39-54.
• Ishigaki, H., Shirato, K., Sakuma, M., Oikawa, Y., Katoh, A., Nakagawa, M., Hozawa, H., Komaki, K., Yamamoto, Y., Takishima, T., 1996. A new Method for evaluating right ventricular dimensions and volume by cineangiography. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 180 (4), 289-296.
• Kaymakçı, M., Oğuz, L, Ün, C., Bilgen, G., Yaşkın, T., 2001. Basic Characteristics of some Turkish indigenous sheep breeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, 916-919.
• Koch, J.A., Poll, L.W., Godehardt, E. , Korbmacher, B., Mödder, U., 2000. Right and left ventricular volume measurements in an animal heart model in vitro: first experiences with cardiac MRI at 1.0 T. European Radiology 10, 455-458.
• Lee, J.C., Taylor, F.N., Downing, S.E., 1975. A comparison of ventricular weights and geometry in newborn, young, and adult mammals. Journal of applied physiology 38 (1) 147-150.
• Lee, M.-Y., Jiang, L. , Handschumacher, M.D., Guererro, J.L., Derman, R., Krauss, M., Viahakes, G., Levine, A.R., 1994. Three dimensional voxel imaging of the left ventricle: Is it quantitatively accurate? In vivo validation. Circulation 90 (4,2), 337.
• Levy, M., Hernigou, A., 1991. Ultrafast computed tomography and measurement of the left ventricular volume. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux 84 (4), 39-42.
• Lipton, M.J., Hayashi, T.T., Boyd, D., Carlsson, E. , 1978. Measurement of left ventricular cast volume by computed tomography. Radiology 127, 419-423.
• Mahoney, L.T., Smith, W., Noel, M.P., Florentine, M., Skorton, D.J., Collins, S.M., 1987. Measurement of right ventricular volume using cine computed tomography. Investigative Radiology 22 (6), 451-455.
• Mayhew, T.M., Olsen, D.R., 1991. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and model-free estimates of brain volume determined using the Cavalieri principle. Journal of Anatomy 178, 133-144.
• Mazonakis, M., Damilakis, J. , Varveris, H., 1998. Bladder and rectum volume estimations using CT and stereology. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 22, 195-201. Miller, B.L., Meyer, T.W., 1990. Effects of tissue preparation on glomerular volume and capillary structure in the rat. Laboratory Investigation 63, 862-866.
• Noordegraaf, A.V., Marcus, J.T., Roseboom, B., Postmus, P.E., Faes, T.J., Vries, P.M., 1997. The effect of right ventricular ejection fraction in pulmonary emphysema. Chest 112 (3), 640¬ 645.
• Odaci, E. , Sahin, B., Sonmez, O.F., Kaplan, S., Bas, O., Bilgic, S., Bek, Y., Ergiir, H., 2003. Rapid estimation of the vertebral body volume: a combination of the Cavalieri principle and computed tomography images. European Journal of Radiology 48 (3), 316-326.
• Pakkenberg, B., 1992. Stereological Quantitation of human brains from normal and schizophrenic individuals. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia 137, 20-33.
• Pietras, R.J., Kondos, G.T., Kaplan, D., Lam, W., 1985. Comparative angiographic right and left ventricular volumes. American Heart Journal 109 (2), 321-326.
• Rigertz, H.G., Rodgers, B., Lipton, M.J., Cann, C., Carlsson, E. , 1985. Assesment of human right ventricular cast volume by CT and angiocardiography. Investigative Radiology 20, 29-32 (abst).
• Roberts, N., Cruz-Orıve, L.M., Bourne, M., Herfkens, R.J., Karwoskis, R.A., Whitehouse, G.H., 1997.Analysis of cardiac function by MRI and stereology. Journal of Microscopy 187, 31-42.
• Roberts, N., Garden, A.S., Cruz-Orive, L.M., Whitehouse, G.H., Edwards, R.H.T., 1994. Estimation of fetal volume by magnetic resonance imaging and stereology. The British Journal of Radiology 67, 1067-1077.
• Rominger, M.B., Bachmann, G.F., Pabst, W., Ricken, W.W., Dinkel, H.P., Rau, W.S., 2000. Left ventricular heart volume determination with fast MRI in breath holding technique: how different are quantitative heart catheter, quantitative MRI and visual echocardiography. Fortschritte auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren 172 (1), 23-32 (abst).
• Sahin, B., Alper, T., Kökçü, A., Malatyalioğlu, E. , Kosif, R., 2003a. Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images, international Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 82, 25-30.
• Sahin, B., Aslan, H., Unal, B., Canan, S., Bılgıc, S., Kaplan, S., Tumkaya, L. , 2001. Brain volumes of the lamb, rat and bird do not show hemispheric asymmetry: A stereological study. Image Analysis & Stereology 20, 9-13.
• Sahin, B., Emirzeoğlu, M., Uzun, A., incesu, L. , Bek, Y., Bılgıc, S., Kaplan, S., 2003b. Unbiased estimation of the liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using magnetic resonance images, European Journal of Radiology 47 (2), 164-167.
• Saper, C.B., 1999. Unbiased Stereology: Threedimensional measurement in microscopy by C.V. Howard and M.G. Reed Bios Scientific 22, 94-95.
• Sapin, P.M., Schroeder, K.M., Smith, M.D., DeMaria, A.N., King, D.L., 1993. Threedimesional echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular volume in vitro: comparison with two dimensional echocardiography and cineventriculography, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 22, 1530 -1537 (abst).
• Schoning, P., Erickson, H., Milliken, G.A., 1995. Body weight, heart weight, and heart-to-body weight ratio in greyhounds. American Journal of Veterinary Research 56 (4), 420-422 (abst).
• Siu, S.C., Rivera, M., Guererro, J. , Handschumacher, M.D., Lethor, J. , Weyman, A., Levine, A., Picard, M., 1993. Three-dimensional echocardiography; in vivo validation for left ventricular volume and function. Circulation 88 (1), 1715-1723 (abst).
• Weibel, E.R., Knight, B.W., 1964. A morphometric study on the thickness of the pulmonary airblood barrier. The Journal of Cell Biology 21, 367-384.
• Yagi, T., Yoshida, K., Hozumi, T., Akasaka, T., Takagi, T., Yamamuro, A., Kawai, J.,Yoshioka, H., Yoshikawa, J. , 1996. Automatic assessment of left ventricular cavity area by the automated contour tracking method. Journal of Cardiology 28 (6), 345-348 (abst).