Detection of the Presence of Bartonella henselae in Cats in Istanbul

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 209 - 217, 10.03.2013

Belgi Diren Sığırcı Atila Ilgaz

Öz

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the determination of the presence of Bartonella henselae in Istanbul in 96 pet, shelter and stray cats were aimed. The samples from the cats were examined by two different bacteriologic culture methods. The blood samples collected into pediatric lysis isolator tubes were spun and the pellet inoculated onto Heart Infusion Agar supplemented with 5% rabbit blood. BACTEC Peds Plus/F were inoculated with samples and incubated in the BACTEC 9050 automated blood culture systems. After the incubation time, growth were evaluated according to the colony morphology, growth time, gram properties and biochemical properties, and it was determined that 27 isolates by solid medium, 10 isolates by BACTEC were Bartonella spp. Isolates were determined as Bartonella henselae by PCR amplification using specific primers of a portion of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region. In conclusion, the prevalence of Bartonella henselae bacteremia was found 28.1% of cats in Istanbul.

Key Words: Bartonella henselae, cat, isolation, BACTEC, PCR

 

 

 

ÖZET

 

İSTANBUL'DA KEDİLERDE BARTONELLA HENSELAE VARLIĞININ SAPTANMASI

Bu çalışmada, İstanbul ilinde evlerde, barınakta beslenen ve sokakta bulunan 96 adet kedide Bartonella henselae varlığının saptanması amaçlandı. Kedilerden alınan kan örnekleri iki farklı bakteriyolojik kültür yöntemi kullanılarak incelendi. Pediatrik lizis izolatör tüplere alınan kanlar santrifüje edildikten sonra %5 tavşan kanı katkılı Heart Infusion Agarlara ekildi. BACTEC peds/plus F şişelerine alınan kanlar BACTEC 9050 otomatik üreme kontrollü kan kültür sistemi ile inkube edildi. İnkubasyon sonrası üremeler koloni morfolojisi, inkübasyon süresi, Gram özelliği ve biyokimyasal özelliklerine göre değerlendirildi ve izolatör tüplere alınan kanlardan Heart Infusion Agar'da üreyen 27 izolatın, BACTEC şişelerindeki kültürlerde üreyen 10 izolatın Bartonella spp. olduğu belirlendi. İzolatlar 16S-23S rRNA interjenik bölge sekanslarından elde edilen spesifik primerler kullanılarak tür düzeyinde identifiye edildi ve tüm izolatlar Bartonella henselae olarak belirlendi. Bu sonuçlar ile İstanbul yöresindeki kedilerde Bartonella henselae bakteriyemi prevalansı %28,1 olarak ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bartonella henselae, kedi, izolasyon, BACTEC, PCR

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bartonella henselae, kedi, izolasyon, BACTEC, PCR

Kaynakça

• Arvand, M., Klose, A.J., Schwartz-Porsche, D., Hahn, H., Wendt, C., 2001. Genetic variability and prevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Berlin, Germany, and analysis of its genetic relatedness to a strain from Berlin that is pathogenic for humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39 (2), 743-746.
• Bergmans, A.M., De Jong, C.M.A., Van Amerongen, G., Schot, C.S., Schouls, L.M., 19 Prevalence of Bartonella species in domestic cats in the Netherlands. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (9), 2256-2261.
• Breitschwerdt, E.B., Kordick, D.L., 2000. Bartonella infection in animals: carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13 (3), 428-438.
• Brenner, S.A., Rooney, J.A., Manzewitsch, P., Regnery, R.L., 1997. Isolation of Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae: effects of methods of blood collection and handling. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (3), 544-547.
• Brunt, J., Guptill, L., Kordick, D.L., Kudrak, S., Lappin, M.R., 2006. American Association of Feline Practitioners 2006 Panel report on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bartonella spp. infections. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 8, 213-226.
• Cabassi, C.S., Farnetti, E., Casali, B., Taddei, S., Donofrio, G., Galvani, G., Cavirani, S., 2002. Isolation of Bartonella henselae from domestic cats in an Italian urban area. New Microbiologica 25 (2), 253-257.
• Çelebi, B., Kılıç, S., Aydın, N., Tarhan, G., Carhan, A., Babur, C., 2009. Investigation of Bartonella henselae in Cats in Ankara, Turkey. Zoonoses and Public Health 56, 169-175.
• Chang, C.C., Hayashidani, H., Pusterla, N., Kasten, R.W., Madigan, J.E., Chomel, B.B., 2002. Investigation of Bartonella infection in ixodid ticks from California. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 25, 229-236.
• Chomel, B.B., Abbott, R.C., Kasten, R.W., FloydHawkins, K.A., Kass, P.H., Glaser, C.A., Pedersen, N.C., Koehler, C.E., 19 Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33 (9), 2445-2450.
• Chomel, B.B., Boulouis, H.J., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 200 Cat scratch disease and other zoonotic Bartonella infections. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 224 (8), 127012
• Chomel, B.B., Carlos, E.T., Kasten, R.W., Yamamoto, K., Chang, C.C., Carlos, R.S., Abenes, M.V., Pajares, C.M., 19 Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in domestic cats from the Philippines. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60 (4), 593-597. Chomel, B.B., Kasten, R.W., Floyd-Hawkins, K.A., Chi, B., Yamamoto, K., Wilson, J.R., Gurfield, A.N., Abbott, R.C., Pedersen, N.C., Koehler, J.E., 1996. Experimental transmission of Bartonella heriselae by the cat flea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34 (8), 1952-1956.
• Chomel, B.B., Wey, A.C., Kasten, R.W., Stacy, B.A., Labelle, P., 2003. Fatal case of endocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae type I infection in a domestic cat. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41 (11), 5337-5339.
• Euzéby, J.P., 2000. Dictionnaire de Bactériologie Vétérinaire. Bartonella henselae. http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/bacdico/bb/ henselae.html (Erişim: 11 Haziran 2006).
• Euzéby, J.P., 2002. Dictionnaire de Bactériologie Vétérinaire. Maladie des griffes du chat. http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/bacdico/mm/mgc.ht ml (Erişim: 27 Mart 2006).
• Fabbi, M., DeGiuli, L., Tranquillo, M., Bragoni, R., Casiraghi, M., Genchi, C., 2004. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae in Italian stray cats: evaluation of serology to assess the risk of transmission of Bartonella to humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42 (1), 264-268.
• Foil, L., Andress, E., Freeland, R.L., Roy, A.F., Rutledge, R., Triche, P.C., O’Reilly, K.L., 19 Experimental infection of domestic cats with Bartonella henselae by inoculation of Ctenocephalidies felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces. Journal of Medical Entomology 35 (5), 625-6 Francesco, A.D., Sanguinetti, V., Gallina, L., Gavioli, R., Piva, S., Baldelli, R., 2007. Prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae in dogs in Italy. Veterinary Record 161, 4894
• Glaus, T., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Greene, C., Glaus, B., Wolfensberger, C., Lutz, H., 1997. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in Switzerland. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (11), 2883-2885.
• Greene, C.E., McDermott, M., Jameson, P.H., Atkins, C.L., Marks, A.M., 1996. Bartonella henselae infection in cats: Evaluation during primary infection, treatment, and rechallenge infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34 (7), 1682-1685.
• Guptill, L., Slater, L.N., Wu, C.C., Lin, T.L., Glickman, L.T., Welch, D.F., Tobolski, J., HogenEsch, H., 19 Evidence of reproductive failure and lack of perinatal transmission of Bartonella henselae in experimentally infected cats. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 65, 1771
• Guptill, L., Wu, C.C., Hogenesch, H., Slater, L.N., Glickman, N., Dunham, A., Syme, H., Glickman, L., 2004. Prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Bartonella henselae infections in pet cats in four regions of the United States. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, 652-659.
• Gurfield, A.N., Boulouis, H.J., Chomel, B.B., Heller, R., Kasten, R.W., Yamamoto, K., Piemont, Y., 19 Coinfection with Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae and with different Bartonella henselae strains in domestic cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (8), 2120-2123.
• Gurfield, A.N., Boulouis, H.J., Chomel, B.B., Kasten, R.W., Heller, R., Bouillin, C., Gandoin, C., Thibault, D., Chang, C.-C., Barrat, F., Piemont, Y., 2001. Epidemiology of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in France. Veterinary Microbiology 80, 185-198.
• Haimerl, M., Tenter, A.M., Simon, K., Rommel, M., Hilger, J., Autenrieth, I.B., 19 Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Germany. Journal of Medical Microbiology 48, 849-8 Heller, R., Artois, M., Xemar, V., De Briel, D., Gehin, H., Jaulhac, B., Monteil, H., Piemont, Y., 1997. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in stray cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (6), 132713
• Jacomo, V., Kelly, P.J., Raoult, D., 2002. Natural History of Bartonella Infections (an Exception to Koch’ s Postulate). Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9 (1), 8-18.
• Jensen, W.A., Fall, M.Z., Rooney, J., Kordick, D.L., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 2000. Rapid identification and differentiation of Bartonella species using a single-step PCR assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38 (5), 1717-1722.
• Koehler, J.E., Glaser, C.A., Tappero, J.W., 1994. Rochalimaea henselae infection: a new zoonosis with the domestic cat as reservoir. Journal of the American Medical Association 271, 531-535.
• Koehler, J.E., Quinn, F.D., Berger, T.G., LeBoit, P.E., Tappero, J.W., 1992. Isolation of Rochalimaea species from cutaneous and osseous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis. New England Journal of Medicine 327 (23), 162516
• Koehler, J.E., Sanchez, M.A., Garrido, C.S., Whitfeld, M.J., Chen, F.M., Berger, T.G., Rodriguez- Barradas, M.C., LeBoit, P.E., Tappero, J.W., 1997. Molecular epidemiology of Bartonella infections in patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis. New England Journal of Medicine 337 (26), 1876-1883. Kordick, D.L., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 19 Intraerythrocytic presence of Bartonella henselae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33 (6), 1655-1656. Kordick, D.L., Brown, T.T., Shin, K., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 1999. Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37 (5), 1536-1547.
• Kordick, D.L., Wilson, K.H., Sexton, D.J., Hadfield, T.L., Berkhoff, H.A., Breitschwerdt, E.B., 19 Prolonged Bartonella bacteremia in cats associated with cat-scratch disease patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33 (2), 324532
• Maruyama, S., Hiraga, S., Yokoyama, E., Naoi, M., Tsuruoka, Y., Ogura, Y., Tamura, K., Namba, S., Kameyama, Y., Nakamura, S., Katsube, Y., 19 Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii infections among pet cats in Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 60 (9), 997-1000.
• Maruyama, S., Nakamura, Y., Kabeya, H., Tanaka, S., Sakai, T., Katsube, Y., 2000. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae and the 16S rRNA gene types of Bartonella henselae among pet cats in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62 (3), 273–279.
• Maruyama, S., Sakai, T., Morita, Y., Tanaka, S., Kabeya, H., Boonmar, S., Poapolathep, A., Chalarmchaikit, T., Chang, C.C., Kasten, R.W., Chomel, B.B., Katsube, Y., 2001. Prevalence of Bartonella species and 16S rRNA gene types of Bartonella henselae from domestic cats in Thailand. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65 (6), 783– 7
• Melter, O., Hercik, K., Weyant, R.S., Janeček, J., Nemec, A., Mecera, J., Gonzorova, L., Branny, P., 200 Detection and characterization of feline Bartonella henselae in the Czech Republic. Veterinary Microbiology 93, 261-273. Özdamar, K., 1999a. SPSS ile Biyoistatistik. Kaan Kitabevi Eskişehir, pp. 341-349.
• Özdamar, K., 1999b. SPSS ile Biyoistatistik. Kaan Kitabevi Eskişehir, pp. 411-415.
• Paracıkoğlu, J., 2006. Bartonella infeksiyonları. In: Aydın, N. (Ed), Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji. İlke Emek Yayınları, Ankara pp.167-172.
• Piemont, Y., Heller, R., 1998. Les bartonelloses: I. Bartonella henselae. Annales de Biologie Clinique 56 (6), 681-692.
• Pons, I., Sanfeliu, I., Quesada, M., Anton, E., Sampere, M., Font, B., Segura, F., 2005. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Catalonia, Spain. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72 (4), 453-457.
• Regnery, R.L., Anderson, B.E., Clarridge, J.E., Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C., Jones, D.C., Carr, J.H., 1992. Characterization of a novel Rochalimaea species, R. henselae sp. nov. isolated from blood of a febrile, human immunodeficiency virus positive patient. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30 (2), 2652
• Rolain, J.M., Locatelli, C., Chabanne, L., Davoust, B., Raoult, D., 2004. Prevalance of Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae in domestic cats from France and detection of the organisms in erythrocytes by immunefluoresence. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11 (2), 423-425.
• Sander, A., Bühler, C., Pelz, K., Cramm, E.V., Bredt, W., 1997. Detection and identification of two Bartonella henselae variants in domestic cats in Germany. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35 (3), 584-587.
• Schmidt, A., 1998. Bartonella and Afipia Species Emphasizing Bartonella henselae. Contributions to Microbiology. Basel, Karger, pp. 32-62. Tsuneoka, H., Ishida, C., Umeda, A., Inokuma, H., Tsukahara, M., 2004. Evaluation of isolation media for the detection of Bartonella henselaeisolation of Bartonella henselae from domestic cats. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 78 (7), 574-579.
• Zangwill, K.M., Hamilton, D.H., Perkins, B.A., Regnery, R.L., Plikaytis, B.D., Hadler, J.L., 19 Cat-scratch disease in Connecticut: epidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of a new diagnostic test. New England Journal of Medicine 329 (1), 8-13. Zanutto, M.S., Mamizuka, E.M., Raiz-Junior, R., Lima, T.M., Diogo, C.L., Okay, T.S., Hagiwara, M.K., 2001. Experimental infection and horizontal transmission of Bartonella henselae in domestic cats. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 43 (5), 2572