BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

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Yıl 2014, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 41 - 52, 03.01.2014

Öz

The study was conducted on three claw horn areas (walls, soles and heels) in dairy cows. Claw horn samples were collected from cows at first lactation without signs of lameness. The changes in the hardness, the fat content and the swelling under the influence of manure from intensively reared cows were evaluated. The hardness and fat content were determined by the beginning of the experiment and at 7-day intervals for 28 days stay in manure. The swelling of hoof zones was done by placing samples in graduated cylinders filled with manure and distilled water for 48 h. The hardness of claw walls decreased most significantly during the first 14 experimental days (3.75 Shore A units). For the same period, fat content of this claw zone underwent the most significant reduction. In the sole area, the hardness decreased most intensely during the first 14 days – by 8.15 Shore A units which was in agreement with claw fat reduction in this area. A similar trend was observed in heels, where the hardness decreased most considerably until the th day by 3.85 Shore A units and between days 7 and 14 – by 4.45 Shore A units. The respective fat content reduction was by 0.75 and 2.79 mg/g DM. The significant loss of claw horn fat predisposes to water penetration and a strong swelling of keratin. The strongest and most prolonged swelling was detected in the heel area, which enlarged their volume until the 48th experimental hour up to 8 cm, and where fat content decreased the most compared to other studied claw horn zones.

Kaynakça

  • Baggott, D.G., Bunch, K.J., Gill, K.R., 1988. Variations in some inorganic components and physical properties of claw keratin associated with claw disease in the British Friesian cow. The British Veterinary Journal 144, 534-542.
  • Bonser, R.H.C., Farrent, J.W., Taylor, A.M., 2003. Assessing the frictional and abrasion-resisting properties of hooves and claws. Biosystems Engineering 86, 253-256.
  • Clarkson, M.J., Downham, D.Y., Faull, W.B., Hughes, J.W., Manson, F.J., Merritt, J.B., Murray, R.D., Russell, W.B., Sutherst, J.E., Ward, W.R., 1996. Incidence and prevalence of lameness in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Record 138, 563-567.
  • Collick, D.W., Ward, W.R., Dobson, H., 1989. Association between types of lameness and fertility. Veterinary Record 125, 103-106.
  • Coulon, J.B., Landais, E., Garel, J.P., 1989. Pathology and productivity of the lactating cow: interrelations based on the level of lactation. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 20 (4), 443-4
  • Elias, P.M., Meonon, G.K., 1991. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Advances in Lipid Research 24, 1-26.
  • Golden, G.M., Guzec, D.B., Kennedy, A.H., McKie, J.E., Potts, R.O., 1989. Stratum corneum lipid phase transition and water barrier properties. Biochemistry 26, 2382-2388.
  • Gregory, N., Craggs, L., Hobson, N., Krogh, C., 200 Softening of cattle hoof soles and swelling of heel horn by environmental agents. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44, 1223-1227. Gregory, N.G., 2004. Swelling of cattle heel horn by urine. Australian Veterinary Journal 82, 1611
  • Higuchi, H., Kurumado, H., Mori, M., Degawa, A., Fujisawa, H., Kuwano, A., Nagahata, H., 200 Effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 73, 15-20. Higuchi, H., Maeda, T., Kawai, K., Kuwano, A., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn in Holstein cows. Veterinary Research Communications 27, 4074
  • Higuchi, H., Maeda, T., Nakamura, M., Kuwano, A., Kawai, K., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Effects of biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of samples of solar horn of Holstein cows The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 68, 93Higuchi, H., Nagahata, H., 2001. Relationship between serum biotin concentration and moisture content of the sole horn in cows with clinical laminitis or sound claws. Veterinary Record 148, 209-210.
  • Higuchi, H., Nakamura, M., Kuwano, A., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 69, 155-1 Mertin, D., Lippold, B.C., 1997. In-vitro permeability of the human nail and of a keratin membrane from bovine hooves: influence of the partition coefficient octanol/water and the water solubility of drugs on their permeability and maximum flux. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49, 30-34.
  • Offer, J.E., McNulty, D., Logue, D.N., 2000. Observations of lameness, hoof conformation and development of lesions in dairy cattle over four lactations. Veterinary Record 147, 105
  • Vermunt, J.J., Greenough, P.R., 1995. Structural characteristics of the bovine claw: horn growth and wear, horn hardness and claw conformation. British Veterinary Journal 151, 157-1
  • Whay, H.R., Waterman, A.E., Webster, A.J.F., 19 Associations between locomotion, claw lesions and nociceptive threshold in dairy heifers during the peripartum period. Veterinary Journal 154, 155-161.

Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 41 - 52, 03.01.2014

Öz

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted on three claw horn areas (walls, soles and heels) in dairy cows. Claw horn samples were collected from cows at first lactation without signs of lameness. The changes in the hardness, the fat content and the swelling under the influence of manure from intensively reared cows were evaluated. The hardness and fat content were determined by the beginning of the experiment and at 7-day intervals for 28 days stay in manure. The swelling of hoof zones was done by placing samples in graduated cylinders filled with manure and distilled water for 48 h. The hardness of claw walls decreased most significantly during the first 14 experimental days (3.75 Shore A units). For the same period, fat content of this claw zone underwent the most significant reduction. In the sole area, the hardness decreased most intensely during the first 14 days – by 8.15 Shore A units which was in agreement with claw fat reduction in this area. A similar trend was observed in heels, where the hardness decreased most considerably until the 7th day by 3.85 Shore A units and between days 7 and 14 – by 4.45 Shore A units. The respective fat content reduction was by 0.75 and 2.79 mg/g DM.  The significant loss of claw horn fat predisposes to water penetration and a strong swelling of keratin. The strongest and most prolonged swelling was detected in the heel area, which enlarged their volume until the 48th experimental hour up to 8 cm3, and where fat content decreased the most compared to other studied claw horn zones.

Key Words: Manure mass, claw horn, keratin, fat, softening, swelling

 

 

ÖZET

GÜBREYE MARUZ BIRAKILAN SÜTÇÜ SIĞIRLARIN TIRNAK YAPILARINDA MEYDANA GELEN FİZİKOKİMYASAL DEĞİŞİMLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışma sütçü sığırlarda üç farklı tırnak bölgesinde (duvar, taban, ökçe) yürütülmüştür. Tırnak örnekleri birinci laktasyonunda topallık göstermeyen sığırlardan toplanmıştır. Entansif yetiştirilen ineklerde tırnağın sertliği, yağ içeriği ve şişme gibi özelliklerinde gübreye bağlı şekillenen değişimler incelenmiştir. Sertlik ve yağ içeriği çalışmanın başında ve tırnağın gübre içinde kaldığı 28 gün boyunca 7 şer gün aralıklarla ölçülmüştür. Tırnak yapısındaki şişme düzeyleri, örneklerin 48 saatlik bir süreyle su ve gübre ile doldurulmuş dereceli silindire bırakılmaları sonrası belirlenmiştir. Tırnak duvarındaki sertlik araştırmanın ilk 14 günü içerisinde önemli derecede azalmıştır (3,75 Shore A birimi). Aynı periyotta, tırnağın yağ içeriğindeki en belirgin düşüş şekillenmiştir. Taban bölgesinde ise sertliğin en yoğun şekilde düştüğü ilk 14 gün boyunca 8,15 Shore A birimlik azalma bu bölgedeki yağ düşüşüyle uyumludur. Benzer şekilde ökçe bölgesinde de düşüşün en yoğun olduğu 7. güne kadar 3,85 shore A birimlik, 7. ve 14. günler arasında ise 4,45 Shore A birimlik bir düşme gözlemlenmiştir. Yağ içeriğindeki düşüşler ise sırasıyla; 0,75 ve 2,79 mg/g DM şeklindedir. Tırnak bölgesindeki yağ düzeyinin belirgin olarak azalması, tırnağı su penetrasyonuna ve keratin dokusunun aşırı şişmesine yatkın kılar. En şiddetli ve uzun süren şişlik ökçe bölgesinde saptanmıştır. Bu bölgede deneyin 48. saatine kadar hacim 8 cm3'e çıkmış ve yağ içeriği çalışmada incelenen diğer tırnak bölgelerine kıyasla daha fazla azalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gübre, tırnak, keratin, yağ, yumuşama, şişme

Kaynakça

  • Baggott, D.G., Bunch, K.J., Gill, K.R., 1988. Variations in some inorganic components and physical properties of claw keratin associated with claw disease in the British Friesian cow. The British Veterinary Journal 144, 534-542.
  • Bonser, R.H.C., Farrent, J.W., Taylor, A.M., 2003. Assessing the frictional and abrasion-resisting properties of hooves and claws. Biosystems Engineering 86, 253-256.
  • Clarkson, M.J., Downham, D.Y., Faull, W.B., Hughes, J.W., Manson, F.J., Merritt, J.B., Murray, R.D., Russell, W.B., Sutherst, J.E., Ward, W.R., 1996. Incidence and prevalence of lameness in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Record 138, 563-567.
  • Collick, D.W., Ward, W.R., Dobson, H., 1989. Association between types of lameness and fertility. Veterinary Record 125, 103-106.
  • Coulon, J.B., Landais, E., Garel, J.P., 1989. Pathology and productivity of the lactating cow: interrelations based on the level of lactation. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 20 (4), 443-4
  • Elias, P.M., Meonon, G.K., 1991. Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. Advances in Lipid Research 24, 1-26.
  • Golden, G.M., Guzec, D.B., Kennedy, A.H., McKie, J.E., Potts, R.O., 1989. Stratum corneum lipid phase transition and water barrier properties. Biochemistry 26, 2382-2388.
  • Gregory, N., Craggs, L., Hobson, N., Krogh, C., 200 Softening of cattle hoof soles and swelling of heel horn by environmental agents. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44, 1223-1227. Gregory, N.G., 2004. Swelling of cattle heel horn by urine. Australian Veterinary Journal 82, 1611
  • Higuchi, H., Kurumado, H., Mori, M., Degawa, A., Fujisawa, H., Kuwano, A., Nagahata, H., 200 Effects of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on physical and biochemical properties of the claw horn of Holstein cows. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 73, 15-20. Higuchi, H., Maeda, T., Kawai, K., Kuwano, A., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn in Holstein cows. Veterinary Research Communications 27, 4074
  • Higuchi, H., Maeda, T., Nakamura, M., Kuwano, A., Kawai, K., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Effects of biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of samples of solar horn of Holstein cows The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 68, 93Higuchi, H., Nagahata, H., 2001. Relationship between serum biotin concentration and moisture content of the sole horn in cows with clinical laminitis or sound claws. Veterinary Record 148, 209-210.
  • Higuchi, H., Nakamura, M., Kuwano, A., Kasamatsu, M., Nagahata, H., 200 Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 69, 155-1 Mertin, D., Lippold, B.C., 1997. In-vitro permeability of the human nail and of a keratin membrane from bovine hooves: influence of the partition coefficient octanol/water and the water solubility of drugs on their permeability and maximum flux. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49, 30-34.
  • Offer, J.E., McNulty, D., Logue, D.N., 2000. Observations of lameness, hoof conformation and development of lesions in dairy cattle over four lactations. Veterinary Record 147, 105
  • Vermunt, J.J., Greenough, P.R., 1995. Structural characteristics of the bovine claw: horn growth and wear, horn hardness and claw conformation. British Veterinary Journal 151, 157-1
  • Whay, H.R., Waterman, A.E., Webster, A.J.F., 19 Associations between locomotion, claw lesions and nociceptive threshold in dairy heifers during the peripartum period. Veterinary Journal 154, 155-161.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Toncho Penev Bu kişi benim

Aleksandar Ilıev Bu kişi benim

Chonka Mıteva Bu kişi benim

Yurii Mıtev Bu kişi benim

Penka Valkova Bu kişi benim

Krassimira Uzunova Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Ocak 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Penev, T., Ilıev, A., Mıteva, C., Mıtev, Y., vd. (2014). Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.62493
AMA Penev T, Ilıev A, Mıteva C, Mıtev Y, Valkova P, Uzunova K. Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle. iuvfd. Ocak 2014;40(1):41-52. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.62493
Chicago Penev, Toncho, Aleksandar Ilıev, Chonka Mıteva, Yurii Mıtev, Penka Valkova, ve Krassimira Uzunova. “Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40, sy. 1 (Ocak 2014): 41-52. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.62493.
EndNote Penev T, Ilıev A, Mıteva C, Mıtev Y, Valkova P, Uzunova K (01 Ocak 2014) Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40 1 41–52.
IEEE T. Penev, A. Ilıev, C. Mıteva, Y. Mıtev, P. Valkova, ve K. Uzunova, “Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle”, iuvfd, c. 40, sy. 1, ss. 41–52, 2014, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.62493.
ISNAD Penev, Toncho vd. “Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40/1 (Ocak 2014), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.62493.
JAMA Penev T, Ilıev A, Mıteva C, Mıtev Y, Valkova P, Uzunova K. Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle. iuvfd. 2014;40:41–52.
MLA Penev, Toncho vd. “Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 40, sy. 1, 2014, ss. 41-52, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.62493.
Vancouver Penev T, Ilıev A, Mıteva C, Mıtev Y, Valkova P, Uzunova K. Investigation of Manure-Induced Physicochemical Changes of the Claw Horn in Dairy Cattle. iuvfd. 2014;40(1):41-52.