Prevalence of American Foulbrood and Paenibacillus Larvae Genotypes in Bulgaria

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 98 - 102, 11.08.2015

Nikolina Rusenova Parvan Parvanov

Öz

This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of American foulbrood and Paenibacillus larvae genotypes in Bulgaria. For this purpose, data concerning American foulbrood outbreaks were used. Also, available data on the number of destroyed bee families covering a twenty-five-year period (1989 - 2013) was collected from the register of Bulgarian Food Safety Agency. In addition, Paenibacillus larvae genotypes in 15 apiaries were established by rep - PCR with BOXA1R and MBOREP1 primers. Results showed broad incidence of the disease, particularly at the beginning of the analysed period, with a tendency to reduction of affected apiaries and bee families at the end of the period. A statistically significant prevalence of American foulbrood in South Bulgaria compared to the northern regions was observed. Genotyping of Paenibacillus larvae revealed two genotypes: ab and AB, with the preponderance of the more virulent AB in South Bulgaria. The obtained results showed the need for conducting regular mandatory screening of bee colonies for early diagnostics of the disease and the implementation of relevant measures for American foulbrood prevention and control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

• Balint, A., Ilie, M.S., Indre, D., Hotea, I., Sorescu, D., Faur, B., Dărăbuş, G., 2011. Epidemiological study in varoosis and in other bees brood pathogens in Western Romania. Bulletin UASVM, Veterinary Medicine 68 (2), 31-37.
• Bonovska, M., Gurgulova, K., Takova, S., Savova, T., 2014. Molecular diagnosis of American foulbrood in honeybee brood in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20 (4), 899-902.
• Fries, I., Camazine, S., 2001. Implications of horizontal and vertical pathogen transmission or honey bee epidemiology. Apidologie 32, 199-214.
• Fries, I., Lindström, A., Korpela, S., 2006. Vertical transmission of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae) in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Veterinary Microbiology 114 (3- 4), 269-274.
• Fries, I., Raina, S., 2003. American foulbrood and African honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (6), 1641-1646.
• Genersch, E., Ashiralieva, A., Fries, I., 2005. Strain and genotype-specific Paenibacillus larvae subsp larvae, a bacterial pathogen causing American Foulbrood disease in honeybees. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (11), 7551-7555. in virulence of
• Genersch, E., Otten, C., 2003. The use of repetitive element PCR fingerprinting (rep-PCR) for genetic subtyping of German field isolates of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae. Apidologie 34 (3), 195-206.
• Genersch, E., 2010. Honey bee pathology: current threats to honey bees and beekeeping. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 87 (1), 87-97.
• Lindström, A., Korpela, S., Fries, I., 2008. Horizontal transmission of Paenibacillus larvae spores between honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies through robbing. Apidologie 39 (5), 515-522.
• Loncaric, I., Derakhshifar, I., Oberlerchner, J.T., Köglberger, H., Moosbeckhofer, R., 2009. Genetic diversity among isolates of Paenibacillus larvae from Austria. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 100 (1), 44-46.
• Matheson, A., 1993. World bee health report. Bee World 74 (4), 176-212.
• Mill, A.C., Rushton, S.P., Shirley, M.D.F., Smith, G.C., Mason, P., Brown, M.A., Budge, G.E., 2014. Clustering, persistence and control of a pollinator brood disease: epidemiology of American foulbrood. Environmental Microbiology 16 (12), 3753-3763.
• Mutinelli, F., 2011. The spread of pathogens through trade in honey bees and their products (including queen bees and semen): Overview and recent developments. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties 30 (1), 257-271.
• Özkirim, A., Güzerin, E., Özgör, E.F., Yalçinkaya, A., 2011. The outbreak of American foulbrood in Turkey 2010-2011. In: Proc. Colos Workshop “Diagnostic Surveys”, Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 17.
• Parvanov, P., Gurgulova, K., Russenova, N., 2004. Health protection in beekeeping I. Organisation of diagnostics and prophylaxys of the infectious and parasitic diseases in Bulgaria. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica 10, 17-24.
• Parvanov, P., Russenova, N., Dimov, D., 2006. Control of American foulbrood disease without antibiotic use. Ari Bilimi / Bee Science 3, 97-103.
• Pernal, S., Melathopoulos, A., 2006. Monitoring for American foulbrood spores from honey and bee samples in Canada. Apiacta 41, 99-109.
• Peters, M., Kilwinski, J., Beringhoff, A., Reckling, D., Genersch, E., 2006. American foulbrood of the honey bee: Occurrence and distribution of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae in the administrative district of Arnsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia). Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 53 (2), 100-104.
• Rusenova, N., Parvanov, P., Stanilova, S., 2013. Molecular typing of Paenibacillus larvae strains isolated from Bulgarian apiaries based on repetitive element polymerase Microbiology 66 (6), 573-577. (rep-PCR). Current
• Schild, H.A., Fuchs, S.W., Bode, H.B., Grünewald, B., 2014. Low-molecular-weight Paenibacillus larvae as potential virulence factors of American foulbrood. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (8), 2484-2492. secreted by