17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit Depremi Kırılma Zonu Boyunca Artçı Depremlerin Etkinlik Parametrelerinin (b ve p değerleri) Uzaysal Dağılımının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 123 - 138, 19.03.2012

Canan Çetin Murat Utkucu Ömer Alptekin

Öz

A Study of Spatial Distribution of Aftershock Seismicity Parameters (b and p values)

Along the Fault Rupture Zone of 17 August İzmitEarthquake

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artçı depremler, b ve p değerleri, istatistiksel analiz

Kaynakça

• Aki K., 1965, Maksimum Likelihood Estimate of b in the formula logN= a-bM and its confidence limits, Bull. Earthquake. Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., 43, 237-239.
• Aktar M., Özalaybey, S., Ergin, M., Karabulut, H., Bouin, M. P., Tapırdamaz, C., Biçmen, F., Yörük, A., Bouchon, M., 2004, Spatial variation of aftershock activity across the rupture zone of the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Turkey, Tectonophysics, 391, 325-334.
• Altınok, Y., Tinti, S., Alpar, B., Yalçıner, A.C., Ersoy, Ş., Bortolucci, E. ve Armigliato, A., 2001, The tsunami of August 17, 1999 in İzmit bay, Turkey, Natural Hazard, 24, 133-146.
• Amelung, F. ve King, G., 1997, Earthquake scaling laws for creeping and non-creeping faults, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 507-510.
• Barka, A. 1996, Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 86, 1238-1254.
• Barka, A., Akyüz., S., Altunel, E., Sunal., G., Çakır, Z., Dikbaş, A., Yerli, B., Rockwell, T., Dolan, J., Hartleb, R., Dawson, T., Furnal, T., Langridge, R., Stenner, H., Christofferson, Tucker, A., Armijo, R., Meyer, B., Chabalier, J.B., Lettis, W., Page ve Bachhuber, J., 2000, The August 17, 1999, İzmit Earthquake, M=7.4, eastern Marmara sea region, Turkey: study of surface rupture and slip distribution. In:Barka, A., Kozaci, O., Akyüz, S., and E. Altunel (eds), The 1999 İzmit and Düzce earthquakes: preliminary results. İstanbul, Turkey: İstanbul Technical University, p 15-25.
• Bayrak, Y. ve Öztürk, S., 2004, Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Aftershock Sequences of the 1999 İzmit and Düzce Earthquakes. Earth Planets and Space, 56, 933-944.
• Bouchon, M., Toksöz, N., Karabulut, H., Bouin, M.P., Dietrich, M., Aktar, M., Edie, M., 2002, Space and time evolution of rupture and faulting during the 1999 İzmit (Turkey) earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92, 256-267.
• Crampin, S. ve Üçer, S. B., 1975, The seismicity of the Marmara Sea region of Turkey, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc., 40, 269-288.
• Cranswick, E., Özel, O., Meremonte, M., Erdik, M., Safak, E., Mueller, C., Overturf, D. ve Frankel, A., 1999, Earthquake damage, site response and building response in Avcılar, West of İstanbul, Turkey, Proceedings of ITU-IAHS International Conference on the Kocaeli Earthquake 17 August 1999, A scientific assessment and recommodations for re-building, İstanbul Technical University, 193-204.
• Davis, S. D. ve Frohlich, C., 1991, Single-Link Cluster Analysis of Earthquake Aftershocks: Decay Laws and Regional Variations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6335-6350.
• Delouis, B., Giardini, D., Lundgren P. ve Salichon, J., 2002, Joint inversion of InSAR, teleseismic and strong motion data for the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquake slip: Application to the 1999 Izmit mainshock, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 278-299.
• EERI, 2000a, Ground motions, Earthquake Spectra 1999 Kocaeli earthquake reconnaissance report, p65-137.
• EERI, 2000b, Surface fault rupture, Earthquake Spectra 1999 Kocaeli earthquake reconnaissance report, p 11-53.
• EERI, 2000c, Tsunami waves in İzmit bay, Earthquake Spectra 1999 Kocaeli earthquake reconnaissance report, p55-62.
• Frohlich, C. ve Davis, S., 1993, Teleseismic b values: or, much ado about 1.0, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 631-644.
• Guo, Z. ve Ogata, Y., 1997, Statistical Relations between the Parameters of Aftershocks in Time, Space, and Magnitude, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 102, No. B2, 2857-2873.
• Gupta, H. K., 2002, A review of recent studies of triggered earthquakes by artificial water reservoirs with special emphasis on earthquakes in Koyna, India, Earth-Science Reviews, 58, 279-310.
• Gutenbeg, R. ve Richter, C. F., 1954, Earthquake Magnitude , Intensity, Energy and Acceleration, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 32, 163-191.
• Gürbüz, C., Aktar, M., Eyidoğan, H., Cisternas, A., Haessler, H., Barka, A., Ergin, M., Türkelli, N., Polat, O., Üçer, S.B., Kuleli, S., Barış, S., Kaypak, B., Bekler, T., Zor, E., Biçmen, F., ve Yörük, A., 2000, The seismotectonics of the Marmara region (Turkey): results from a microseismic experiment, Tectonophysics, 316, 1-17.
• Hubert-Ferrari, A., Barka, A., Jacques, E., Nalbant, S. S., Meyer, B., Armijo, R., Topponnier, P., ve King, G. C. P., 2000, Seismic hazard in the Marmara sea region following the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake, Nature, 404, 269-273.
• Iio, Y., Horiuchi, S., Bariş, Ş., Çelik, C., Kyomen, J., Üçer, B., Honkura, Y. ve Işıkara, A.M., 2000, Aftershock distribution in the eastern part of the aftershock region of the 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 411-417.
• Irmak, S., Kikuchi, M. ve Özer, M.F, 2000, 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit ve 12 Kasım 1999 Düzce depremleri kaynak ve yırtılma mekanizması, Ulusal Jeofizik Toplantısı 2000, Genişletilmiş Özetler kitabı, syf. 144-145.
• Kalafat, D., Öz, G., Özel, N., Kara, M., Öğütçü, Z., Horasan, G., Püskülcü, S., Kiliç, K., Güngör, A., İnce, Ş., Görgün, E., Pinar, A., Kafadar, N., Yılmazer, M., Kekovalı, K., Köseoğlu, A., Çomoğlu, M., Güneş, Y., ve Suvarıklı, M., 2001, 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit, 12 Kasım 1999 Düzce Deprem Etkinlikleri (August 17 th 1999 İzmit-12 th November 1999 Düzce Earthquakes and Aftershocks Activities), Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 702, Bebek-İstanbul (in Turkish). ISBN 975-518-195-4.
• King, G.C.P., Stein, R. S ve Lin, J., 1994, Static stress changes and triggering of earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 84 , 935-953.
• Kisslinger, C. ve Jones, L. M., 1991, Properties of Aftershock Sequences in Southern California, J.Geophys. Res., 96, 11947-11958.
• Mogi, K., 1962, Magnitude-frequency relation for elastic shocks accompanying fractures of various materials and some related problems in earthquakes Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 40, 831853.
• Mogi, K., 1967, Regional variation of aftershock activity, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 46, 175-203.
• Nalbant, S.S., Hubert, A., ve G.C.P. King., 1998, Stress coupling between earthquakes in northwest Turkey and the north Aegean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 24469-24486.
• Öncel, A.O. ve Wyss, M., 2000, The major asperities of the 1999 MW=7.4 İzmit earthquake defined by the microseismicity of the two decade before it, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 501-506.
• Örgülü, G., ve Aktar, M., 2001, Regional moment tensor inversion for strong aftershocks of the August 17, 1999, İzmit earthquake, (MW=7.4), Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 371-374.
• Özalaybey, S., Karabulut, H., Ergin, M., Aktar, M. ve Bouchon, M., 2001, The 1999 İzmit earthquake sequence in NW-Turkey, seismological aspects. Symposia on Seismotectonics of the North-Western Anatolia-Agean and Recent Turkish Earthquakes. İstanbul, Turkey: İstanbul Technical University, Extended Abstract book, p78-87.
• Öztürk, S., 2003, Türkiye’de son yıllarda oluşan depremlerin artçı şok dizilerinin istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmesi ve bu değişimlerin deprem risk çalışmalarında kullanımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Pınar, A., Honkura, Y. ve Kuge, K., 2001, Seismic activity triggered by the 1999 earthquake and its implications for the assessment of future seismic risk, Geophys. J. Int., 146, F1-F7.
• Reilinger, R., Ergintav, S., Burgman, R., Mcclusky, S., Lenk, O., Barka, A., Gürkan, O., Hearn, L., Feigl, K. L., Çakmak, R., Aktuğ, B., Özener, H., ve Toksöz, M.N., 2000, Coseismic and postseismic fault slip for the 17 August 1999, M=7.5, İzmit, Turkey earthquake, Science, 289, 1519-1524.
• Scholz, C. H., 1968, The Frequency-Magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 58, 399-415.
• Stein, R., Barka, A. ve Dietrich, J. H., 1997, Progressive failure on the North Anatolian Fault Since 1939 by Earthquake Stress Triggering, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 594-604.
• Sobiesiak, M., 2000, Fault plane structure of the Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake of 1995, Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 577-600.
• Tibi, R., G. Bock, Xia, Y., Baumbach, M., Grosser, H, Milkereit, C, Karakisa, S., Zünbül, S., Kind, R. and Zschau, J., 2001, Rupture processes of the 1999 August 17 Izmit and November 12 Düzce (Turkey) earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int., 144, Number 2, F1-F7.
• Toksöz, M.N., Shakal A. F., ve Micheal, A. J., 1979, Space-time migration of earthquakes along the North Anatolian Fault Zone and seismic gap, Pageoph, 117, 1258-1270.
• Toksöz, M. N., Reilinger, R. E., Doll, C. G., Barka, A. A. ve Yalçın, N., 1999, İzmit (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999: First report, Seism. Res. Lett., 70, 669-679.
• Tsapanos, T. M., 1992, Considerations on the Global seismic Sequences: The Second and The Third Largest Aftershocks, Geophs. J. Int., 111, 630-636.
• Tsapanos, T., 1995, The Temporal Distribution of Aftershock Sequences in the Subduction Zones of the Pasific, Geophys. J. Int., 123, 633-636.
• Urbancic, T. I., Trifu, C. I., Long, J. M. ve Toung, R. P., 1992, Space-Time Correlations of b value with Stress Release, Pure Appl. Geophys., 139, 449-462.
• Utkucu, M., Nalbant, S., Mcclusky, J., Steacy, S. and Alptekin, Ö., 2003, Slip Distribution and Stress Changes Associated with the 1999 November 12, Düzce (Turkey) Earthquake (Mw=7.1). Geophys. J. Int., 153, 229-241.
• Utkucu, M., Çetin, C. ve Alptekin, Ö., 2005, 12 Kasım 1999 Düzce depremi artçı depremlerinden hesaplanan b ve p değerlerinin uzay ve zaman dağılımı ve gelecekteki sismik tehlike hakkında değerlendirmeler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi “YERBİLİMLERİ” dergisi (Kabul edildi).
• Utsu, T., 1961, A Statistical study on the occurrence of aftershocks, Geophys. Mag., Tokyo, 30, 521- 603, Japan.
• Utsu, T., Ogata, Y. ve Matsu’ura, R.S., 1995, The centenary of the omori formula for a decay law of aftershock activity, J. Phys. Earth., 43, 1-33.
• Warren, N. W. ve Latham, G.V., 1970, An experimental study of thermally induced microfracturing and its relation to volcanic seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4455-4464.
• Wiemer, S. ve Mcnutt, S., 1997, Variations in frequency-magnitude distribution with depth in two volcanic areas: Mount St. Helens, Washington, and Mt. Spurr, Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 189-192.
• Wiemer, S. ve Wyss, M., 1997, Mapping the frequency-magnitude distribution in asperities: an improved technique to calculate recurrence times?, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 15 115-15 128.
• Wiemer, S., Mcnutt, S. R. ve Wyss, M., 1998, Temporal and three-dimensional spatial analysis of the frequency-magnitude distribution near Long Valley Caldera, California., Geophys. J. Int, 134, 409-421.
• Wiemer, S. ve Katsumata, K., 1999, Spatial variability of seismicity parameters in aftershock zones. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13135-13151.
• Wiemer, S., 2001, A software package to analyze seismicity: ZMAP, Seis. Res. Lett., 72 (2), 374-383.
• Wright, T., Fielding, E. ve Parsons, B., 2001a, Triggered slip: observations of the 17 August 1999 İzmit (Turkey) earthquake using radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1079-1082.
• Wright, T., Parsons B. ve Fielding, E., 2001b, The 1999 Turkish earthquakes: source parameters from InSAR and observations of triggered slip, Symposia on Seismotectonics of the North-Western AnatoliaAgean and Recent Turkish Earthquakes. İstanbul, Turkey: İstanbul Technical University, Extended Abstract book, p 54-71.
• Wyss, M., Shimazaki, K. ve Wiemer, S. 1997, Mapping active magma chambers by b value beneath Off-Izu volcano, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 20,413- 20,433.