KOBİ’lerde Endüstri 4.0 Dönüşüm Sürecinin Swot Analizi Metoduyla Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu Çalışma, KOBİ'lerin Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm yolculuğunda farkındalıklarını, faaliyetlerini ve mevcut durumlarını SWOT analizi kullanarak, fırsatlarını, tehditlerini, güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini tespit etmektedir. KOBİ'lerin Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm sürecinin analiz edilmesinde yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi kullanılarak 5 KOBİ üzerinde inceleme yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de, Ege Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ'lerin, dijital dönüşüm sürecinin farkında olmalarına rağmen henüz sürecin çok başında oldukları ve bu süreçte avantajlarından çok dezavantaja sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. KOBİ'ler, dijital çağda sürdürülebilir olmak için zaman zaman durumlarını analiz etmeli ve endüstrinin gelişimini daima takip etmelidir. Kontrolleri dahilinde olan yeni araç, gereç ve uygulamaları bünyelerine dahil etmelidirler. Son olarak, bu çalışma, KOBİ'lerin endüstri 4.0 hakkında farkındalık kazanmalarına ve durumlarını yönetmelerine öncülük etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Swot Analizi
• Endüstri 4.0
• KOBİ

Assessing Industry 4.0 Transformation of SMEs: A Swot Analysis

Öz

This Study is to examine Industry 4.0 transformation of SMEs, using SWOT analysis to conduct their awareness, activities and current situation within strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the journey of Industry 4.0 transformation. In this study, interview method was used to analyze the SMEs’ Industry 4.0 transformation. Interviews were conducted with 5 SMEs SMEs where is engaged in The Aegean Area, Turkey more disadvantages to the industry than its advantages. They are aware of technological developments but They are still at the beginning of the transformation process. SMEs should analyze their state time by time and always follow the development of industry for being sustainable regarding the digital age. They should do their best for what can be controlled by themself. This study pioneers SMEs to gain awareness about industry 4.0 and lead them to manage their situation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Swot Analysis
• Industry 4.0
• SMEs

Kaynakça

1. Al-Rousan, M. and Qawasmeh, F. (2009). The Impact of SWOT Analysis on Achieving A Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Jordanian Banking Industry. International Bulletin of Business Administration, 6(1), 82-92.
2. Bakhtari, A., Waris, M., Mannan, B., Sanin, C. and Szczerbicki, E., (2020). Assessing Industry 4.0 Features Using SWOT Analysis. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1178, 216-225.
3. Bonnici, T. S. and Galea, D. (2014). SWOT Analysis. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Wiley encyclopedia of management. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
4. Chauhan C. and Singh A. (2020) “A Review of Industry 4.0 in Supply Chain Management Studies”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management Vol. 31, No. 5, pp.863-886. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-04-2018-0105.
5. David, F.R. (2011) Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases, Global Edition. 13th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 235-240.
6. Dyson, R.G. (2004). Strategic Development and SWOT analysis at the University of Warwick. European Journal of Operational Research. 152. 631-640.
7. Erdil, E. and Ertekin Bolelli, Ş. (2017). Industry 4.0 and Turkish national innovation system: Challenges and prospects.
8. Ernur O. and Tozkoparan G. (2018). Dijital Dönüşüm Perspektifinde Endüstri 4.0 Sürecindeki İşletmelerin Karşılaştığı Durumlar Üzerine Bir Vaka Çalışması. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler and İnovasyon Kongresi, Antalya, Turkey, 385-397.

9. Frank A.G., Mendes G.H., Ayala N.F. and Ghezzi A. (2019). Servitization and Industry 4.0 Convergence in The Digital Transformation of Product Firms: A Business Model İnnovation Perspective, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 141; 341–351, https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Techfore.2019.01.014.
10. Gökoğlan, K. and Kaval, U. (2020). Öğrencilerin Kariyer Stratejileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Dicle Üniversitesi Örneği. Turkish Business Journal, 1 (1), 15-28.
11. Güngör, S. and Arslan, M. (2004). Turizm ve Rekreasyon Stratejileri İçin SWOT Analizi, Görsel Kalite Değerlendirmesi, Turizm Tesislerinin Beğenilirliği ve Turizm Tesisleri Durum Analizi Uygulaması: Beyşehir İlçesi Örneği. S.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 18. 68-72.
12. Gürel, E. and Tat, M. (2017). Swot Analysis: A Theoretical Review. Journal of International Social Research. 10. 994-1006. Hay, G. and Castilla, G. (2006). Object-Based Image Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). ISPRS Archives – Volume XXXVI-4/C42, 2006. 36.
13. Horvarth, D. and Szabo R.Z. (2019). Driving Forces and Barriers of Industry 4.0: Do Multinational and Small And Medium-Sized Companies Have Equal Opportunities? Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 146; 119–132, https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J. Techfore.2019.05.021https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm.
14. Kagermann H., W. Wahlster W. and Helbig J., (2013). Securing The Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Recommendations for Implementing The Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final Report of The Industrie 4.0 Working Group, http://Forschungsunion.De/Pdf/İndustrie_4_0_Final_Report.Pdf.
15. Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J. and Kajanus, M. (2000). Utilizing The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in SWOT Analysis - A Hybrid Method and Its Application to A Forest-Certification Case. Forest Policy and Economics. 1. 41-52.
16. Learned, E.P., Christensen, C.R., Andrews, K.R. and Guth, W.D. (1965) Business Policy: Text and Cases. Home- wood/Ill, Irwin. Lu, Y. (2017). “Industry 4.0: A Survey On Technologies, Applications and Open Research Issues, Journal of Industrial Information Integration,Vol:6,pp:1-10.
17. Maresova P., Soukal I.I., Svobodova L., Hedvicakova M., Javanmardi E., Selamat A. and Krejcar O. (2018) Consequences of Industry 4.0 in Business and Economics, Economies 6 (46), https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Economies6030046.
18. Mindtool. (2021). SWOT Analysis. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm.
19. Moeuf A., Pellerin R., Lamouri S., Giraldo S.T. and Barbaray R. (2018). The Industrial Management of SMEs in The Era Of Industry 4.0, Int. J. Prod. Res. 56–3; 118–1136, https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1372647.
20. Müller J.M., Kiel D. and Voigt K.I. (2018). What Drives The Implementation of Industry 4.0? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in The Context Sustainability? Sustainability pp:10–247, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247.
21. Namugenyi, C., Nimmagadda, S. L., and Reiners, T. (2019). Design of A SWOT Analysis Model and Its Evaluation in Diverse Digital Business Ecosystem Contexts. Procedia Computer Science, 159, 1145-1154.
22. Narayanan, V.K. and Nath, R. (1993). Organization Theory: A Strategic Approach. Richard D. Irwin, Homewood.
23. OECD (2021), The Digital Transformation of SMEs, OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, OECD Publishing, Paris.
24. Ommani, A. (2011). Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis for Farming System Businesses Management: Case of Wheat Farmers of Shadervan District, Shoushtar Township, Iran. Afr. J. Bus. Manag.. 5.
25. Oreski, Dijana. (2012). Strategy Development by Using SWOT - AHP. TEM J.. 1. 283-291.
26. Öztemel E., Gursev S. (2020). “Literature Review of Industry 4.0 and Related Technologies” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol: 31, pp: 127–182 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-018-1433-8.
27. Pereira A.C. and Romero F. (2017). “A Review of the Meanings and The Implications of The Industry 4.0 Concept”, Procedia Manufacturing, Vol:13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.032.
28. Piccarozzi M., Aqilani B. and Gatti C. (2018). Industry 4.0 İn Management Studies: A Systematic Literature Review, Sustainability 10–3821, https://Doi.Org/ 10.3390/Su10103821.
29. Roblek V., Mesko M. and Krapez A. (2016). A Complex View of Industry 4.0, SAGE Open, https://Doi.Org/10.1177/2158244016653987. April.
30. Sarsby, A. (2016). SWOT Analysis. Illustrated Edition. Leadership Library. Uk.
31. Schumacher A., Erol S. and Sihn W. (2016). A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness And Maturity Of Manufacturing Enterprises, Procedia CIRP 52; 161–166, https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Procir.2016.07.040.
32. Sevinç A., Gür S. and Eren T. (2018). Analysis of The Difficulties of SMEs in Industry 4.0 Applications By Analytical Hierarchy Process And Analytical Network Process, Processes 6 (12) (2018) 264, https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Pr6120264.
33. Wheelen, T. L. and Hunger, J. D. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy: Toward Global Sustainability (13th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
34. Yüksel H. (2020). “An Empirical Evaluation of Industry 4.0 Applications of Companies in Turkey: The Case of a Developing Country” Technology in Society, Volume 63, SSCI,Elsevier.
35. Zimmerman V. (2016). KFW Research, Smes and Digitilisation: The Current Position, Recent Developments and Challenges. https://Www.Kfw.De/PDF/Download -Center/Konzernthemen/Research/PDF-Dokumente-Fokus-Volkswirtschaft/Fokus-Englische-Dateien/Fokus-Nr.-138-August-2016-Digitalisierung_EN.Pdf.