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The Effect of Renewable Energy Primary Production on Economic Growth and Labor Force : Eu-28 Panel Data Analysis

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 10 - 28, 30.12.2020

Öz

The increase in the use of non-renewable energy sources in the world leads to an increase in prices, an increase in the emission problem and a depletion of resources. As a result, countries have turned to renewable energy sources. This study examined the contribution of primary production of renewable energy to economic growth and labor force. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of the primary production of renewable energy to the economic growth and labor force of 28 member states of the European Union between 2006 and 2016 by using panel data analysis. For this purpose, two different models were established and each test applied was performed in both models. The stationarity of the series was examined and Pedroni-Kao cointegration tests were used to test the existence of long-term relationships. The primary production of renewable energy through the models used in the EU-28 panel has a long-term relationship with economic growth and labor. Coefficients of cointegration were estimated with Fully Modified Least Squares and the contribution of renewable energy primary production to economic growth and labor force was found to be positive and statistically significant. The biggest difference of the study from the others is that the variable used to determine the coefficients of the long-term relationship between economic growth - renewable energy and labor - renewable energy for the EU-28 panel is the primary generation of renewable energy.The results obtained support the studies in the literature.

Kaynakça

  • AL-MULALİ, U., GHOLİPOUR, H. F., LEE, J. Y. ve SAB, C. N. (2013). Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 22(C), 209-222.
  • APERGİS, N. ve E.PAYNE, J. (2010). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of OECD countries, Energy Policy, 38(1), 656-660.
  • ASLAN, A. ve KULA, F. (2008). Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Fiyat-Maliyet Marjları: Dönemler ve Sektörler İtibariyle Karsılastırmalı Bir Analiz, 2. Ulusal İktisat Kongresi 1-15. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • ATAMAN, B. C. (1996). İşsizlik Sorununa Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 53(1).
  • BALTAGİ, B. (1998). Econometrics (Cilt 1). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • BALTAGİ, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Wiltshire, West Sussex, İngiltere: John Wiley ve Sons Ltd:British Library Cataloguing.
  • BAYRAKTUTAN, Y., YILGÖR, M. ve UÇAK, S. (2011). Renewable Electricity Generation and Economic Growth Panel Data Analysis for OECD Members, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, (66), 59-66.
  • BHATTACHARYA, M., CHURCHİLL, S. A. ve PARAMATİ, S. R. (2017). The dynamic impact of renewable energy and institutions on economic output and CO2 emissions across regions, Renewable Energy, 111(C), 157-167.
  • BHATTACHARYA, M., PARAMATİ, S. R., OZTURK, I. ve BHATTACHARYA, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth : Evidence from top 38 countries, Applied Energy, 162(C), 733-741.
  • BRİNİ, R., AMARA, M. ve HATEM JEMMALİ. (2017). Renewable energy consumption, International trade, oil price and economic growth inter-linkages: The case of Tunisia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76(C), 620-627
  • CHAİBOONSRİ, C., SRİBOONJİT, J., CHAİTİP, P., SRİWİCHAİLAMPHAN, T., SRİBOONCHİTTA, S. ve CALKİNS, P. (2010). A panel cointegration analysis: An application to international tourism demand of Thailand. Annals of the University of Petrosani: Economics, 2(2), 85-100.
  • DİNÇ, D. T. ve AKDOĞAN, E. (2019). Renewable Energy Production, Energy Consumption and Sustainable Economic Growth in Turkey: A VECM Approach, Sustainabiliy, 11(5), 1-14.
  • DOĞAN, E. (2016). Analyzing the linkage between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth by considering structural break in time-series data, Renewable Energy, 99(C), 1126-1136.
  • DOĞANAY, H. ve COŞKUN, O. (2017). Enerji Kaynakları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Energy Statistics: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Energy_statistics_an_overview#Primary_energy_production, (24.10.2018).
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Energy Statistics: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Energy_statistics__an_overview#Final_energy_consumption, (5.09.2018).
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Primary production of renewable energy bytype:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=ten00081, (24.10.2018).
  • GÜL, E. ve KAMACI, A. (2012). Dış ticaretin büyüme üzerine etkileri: bir panel veri analizi, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(3), 81-91.
  • HOECHLE, D. (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence, The Stata Journal, 1-31.
  • JEBLİ, M. B., ve YOUSSEF, S. B. (2015). Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries, Renewable Energy, 83(C), 799-808.
  • KAHİAA, M., AÏSSA, M. S. ve CHARFEDDİNE, L. (2016). Impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth: New evidence from the MENA Net Oil Exporting Countries (NOECs), Energy, 116(1), 102-115.
  • KASA, K. (1992). Common stochastic trends in international stock markets, Journal of Monetary Economics, 29(1), 95-124.
  • KİNG, A. S. (1997). Common Stochastic Trends and Convergence of European Union Stock Markets, The Manchester School, 65(1), 44-57.
  • KOÇ, E. ve ŞENEL, M. C. (2013). Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Enerji Durumu Genel Değerlendirme, Mühendislik ve Makine, 54(639), 32-44.
  • KOÇAK, E. ve ŞARKGÜNEŞİ, A. (2017). The renewable energy and economic growth nexus in Black Sea and Balkan countries, Energy Policy, 100(C), 51-57.
  • NASERİ, S. F., MOTAMEDİ, S. ve AHMADİAN, M. (2016). Study of Mediated Consumption Effect of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth of OECD Countries, Procedia Economics and Finance, 36(C), 502-509.
  • ÖZKAN, F., ÖZKAN, Ö. ve KUYUK, H. S. (2012). Energy Production and Economic Growth:Empirical Evidence From Turkey, Applied Econometrics and International Development, 12(2), 79-88.
  • ÖZTÜRK, H. (2013). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları. İstanbul: Birsen Yayınevi.
  • PEDRONİ, (2004) P. Pedroni Panel cointegration: Asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis Economet. Theor., 20 (2004), 597-625 doi: 10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653
  • PEDRONİ, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 653-670.
  • PESARAN, (2004 M.H.) Pesaran General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge working papers in economics 0435 Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge (2004)
  • RAFİNDADİ, A. A. ve OZTURK, I. (2017). Impacts of renewable energy consumption on the German economic growth: Evidence from combined cointegration test, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75(C), 1130-1141.
  • RİFKİN, J. (1996). La fin du travail. Paris: Ed. La Decouvcrtc.
  • SİNGH, N., NYUUR, R. ve RİCHMOND, B. (2019). Renewable Energy Development as a Driver of Economic Growth:Evidence from Multivariate Panel Data Analysis, Sustainability, 11(8), 1-18.
  • ŞAHAN, F. ve BEKTAŞOGLU, Y. (2010). Panel cointegration analysis of budget deficit and inflation for EU countries and Turkey. 6 th Internatioanl Student Conference, 1-22. İzmir.
  • TARI, R. ve YILDIRIM, D. Ç. (2009). Döviz Kuru Belirsizliğinin İhracata Etkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 11(2), 95-105.
  • TATOĞLU, F. Y. (2012). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayın.
  • ÜNSAL, E. M. (2017). Mikro İktisat (Cilt 11). Ankara: Murat Yayınları.

Yenilenebilir Enerji Birincil Üretiminin Ekonomik Büyüme ve İşgücü Üzerine Etkisi: AB-28 Panel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 10 - 28, 30.12.2020

Öz

Dünyada tükenir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının artması fiyatların artmasına, emisyon sorununun giderek büyümesine ve kaynakların giderek tükenmesine neden olmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda ülkeler yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan 28 ülkenin 2006 ile 2016 yılları arasındaki yenilenebilir enerji birincil üretimin ekonomik büyüme ve işgücüne katkısını panel veri analizi kullanılarak araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, iki ayrı model kurulmuş ve uygulanan her sınama iki model içinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Serilerin durağanlık durumu incelenmiş, uzun dönemli ilişkilerin varlığının sınanması amacıyla eşbütünleşme testlerinden Pedroni-Kao kullanılmıştır. AB-28 panelinde kullanılan modeller aracılığıyla yenilenebilir enerji birincil üretiminin, ekonomik büyüme ve işgücü ile uzun dönem ilişkisi mevcuttur. Eşbütünleşmeye ait katsayılar Tam Değiştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler ile tahmin edilmiş ve yenilenebilir enerji birincil üretiminin ekonomik büyüme ve işgücüne katkısı pozitif yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın farkı, AB-28 paneli için ekonomik büyüme -yenilenebilir enerji ve işgücü - yenilenebilir enerji uzun dönem ilişkisinin katsayılarını belirleyebilmek için kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji birincil üretimidir. Elde edilen sonuçlar literatürdeki çalışmaları desteklemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • AL-MULALİ, U., GHOLİPOUR, H. F., LEE, J. Y. ve SAB, C. N. (2013). Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 22(C), 209-222.
  • APERGİS, N. ve E.PAYNE, J. (2010). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of OECD countries, Energy Policy, 38(1), 656-660.
  • ASLAN, A. ve KULA, F. (2008). Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Fiyat-Maliyet Marjları: Dönemler ve Sektörler İtibariyle Karsılastırmalı Bir Analiz, 2. Ulusal İktisat Kongresi 1-15. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • ATAMAN, B. C. (1996). İşsizlik Sorununa Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 53(1).
  • BALTAGİ, B. (1998). Econometrics (Cilt 1). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • BALTAGİ, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Wiltshire, West Sussex, İngiltere: John Wiley ve Sons Ltd:British Library Cataloguing.
  • BAYRAKTUTAN, Y., YILGÖR, M. ve UÇAK, S. (2011). Renewable Electricity Generation and Economic Growth Panel Data Analysis for OECD Members, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, (66), 59-66.
  • BHATTACHARYA, M., CHURCHİLL, S. A. ve PARAMATİ, S. R. (2017). The dynamic impact of renewable energy and institutions on economic output and CO2 emissions across regions, Renewable Energy, 111(C), 157-167.
  • BHATTACHARYA, M., PARAMATİ, S. R., OZTURK, I. ve BHATTACHARYA, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth : Evidence from top 38 countries, Applied Energy, 162(C), 733-741.
  • BRİNİ, R., AMARA, M. ve HATEM JEMMALİ. (2017). Renewable energy consumption, International trade, oil price and economic growth inter-linkages: The case of Tunisia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76(C), 620-627
  • CHAİBOONSRİ, C., SRİBOONJİT, J., CHAİTİP, P., SRİWİCHAİLAMPHAN, T., SRİBOONCHİTTA, S. ve CALKİNS, P. (2010). A panel cointegration analysis: An application to international tourism demand of Thailand. Annals of the University of Petrosani: Economics, 2(2), 85-100.
  • DİNÇ, D. T. ve AKDOĞAN, E. (2019). Renewable Energy Production, Energy Consumption and Sustainable Economic Growth in Turkey: A VECM Approach, Sustainabiliy, 11(5), 1-14.
  • DOĞAN, E. (2016). Analyzing the linkage between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth by considering structural break in time-series data, Renewable Energy, 99(C), 1126-1136.
  • DOĞANAY, H. ve COŞKUN, O. (2017). Enerji Kaynakları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Energy Statistics: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Energy_statistics_an_overview#Primary_energy_production, (24.10.2018).
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Energy Statistics: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Energy_statistics__an_overview#Final_energy_consumption, (5.09.2018).
  • EUROSTAT. (2018). Primary production of renewable energy bytype:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=ten00081, (24.10.2018).
  • GÜL, E. ve KAMACI, A. (2012). Dış ticaretin büyüme üzerine etkileri: bir panel veri analizi, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(3), 81-91.
  • HOECHLE, D. (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence, The Stata Journal, 1-31.
  • JEBLİ, M. B., ve YOUSSEF, S. B. (2015). Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries, Renewable Energy, 83(C), 799-808.
  • KAHİAA, M., AÏSSA, M. S. ve CHARFEDDİNE, L. (2016). Impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic growth: New evidence from the MENA Net Oil Exporting Countries (NOECs), Energy, 116(1), 102-115.
  • KASA, K. (1992). Common stochastic trends in international stock markets, Journal of Monetary Economics, 29(1), 95-124.
  • KİNG, A. S. (1997). Common Stochastic Trends and Convergence of European Union Stock Markets, The Manchester School, 65(1), 44-57.
  • KOÇ, E. ve ŞENEL, M. C. (2013). Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Enerji Durumu Genel Değerlendirme, Mühendislik ve Makine, 54(639), 32-44.
  • KOÇAK, E. ve ŞARKGÜNEŞİ, A. (2017). The renewable energy and economic growth nexus in Black Sea and Balkan countries, Energy Policy, 100(C), 51-57.
  • NASERİ, S. F., MOTAMEDİ, S. ve AHMADİAN, M. (2016). Study of Mediated Consumption Effect of Renewable Energy on Economic Growth of OECD Countries, Procedia Economics and Finance, 36(C), 502-509.
  • ÖZKAN, F., ÖZKAN, Ö. ve KUYUK, H. S. (2012). Energy Production and Economic Growth:Empirical Evidence From Turkey, Applied Econometrics and International Development, 12(2), 79-88.
  • ÖZTÜRK, H. (2013). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları. İstanbul: Birsen Yayınevi.
  • PEDRONİ, (2004) P. Pedroni Panel cointegration: Asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis Economet. Theor., 20 (2004), 597-625 doi: 10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653
  • PEDRONİ, P. (1999). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(1), 653-670.
  • PESARAN, (2004 M.H.) Pesaran General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge working papers in economics 0435 Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge (2004)
  • RAFİNDADİ, A. A. ve OZTURK, I. (2017). Impacts of renewable energy consumption on the German economic growth: Evidence from combined cointegration test, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75(C), 1130-1141.
  • RİFKİN, J. (1996). La fin du travail. Paris: Ed. La Decouvcrtc.
  • SİNGH, N., NYUUR, R. ve RİCHMOND, B. (2019). Renewable Energy Development as a Driver of Economic Growth:Evidence from Multivariate Panel Data Analysis, Sustainability, 11(8), 1-18.
  • ŞAHAN, F. ve BEKTAŞOGLU, Y. (2010). Panel cointegration analysis of budget deficit and inflation for EU countries and Turkey. 6 th Internatioanl Student Conference, 1-22. İzmir.
  • TARI, R. ve YILDIRIM, D. Ç. (2009). Döviz Kuru Belirsizliğinin İhracata Etkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Uygulama, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 11(2), 95-105.
  • TATOĞLU, F. Y. (2012). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayın.
  • ÜNSAL, E. M. (2017). Mikro İktisat (Cilt 11). Ankara: Murat Yayınları.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Selena Kantarmacı 0000-0002-0809-9477

Şenay Üçdoğruk 0000-0002-5842-4012

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kantarmacı, S., & Üçdoğruk, Ş. (2020). Yenilenebilir Enerji Birincil Üretiminin Ekonomik Büyüme ve İşgücü Üzerine Etkisi: AB-28 Panel Veri Analizi. İzmir Yönetim Dergisi, 1(1), 10-28.

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