Konaklama İşletmelerinde Acil Durum Tahliye Süresini Minimize Eden Bir Model Önerisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 24.11.2021

Pembe Güçlü , Hasan Dündar

Öz

Konaklama işletmelerinde, engelli kişilerden atletik yapılı kişilere kadar birçok farklı hareket kabiliyetine ve algısal farklılıklara sahip müşterilere hizmet verilmesi nedeni ile acil durumlarda tahliye sürelerini ön görmek zordur. Olası yangın, deprem gibi acil durumlarda, bina tahliyesinin en kısa sürede gerçekleştirilmesi, misafirler açısından zararı önleyici bir faaliyet olarak önem arz etmektedir. Misafirlerin, konakladıkları odalardan güvenli toplanma alanlarına tahliye edilme süresinin minimum olması, can ve mal kayıplarının azaltılmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, olası acil durumlarda misafir ve bina özelliklerini dikkate alarak, binaların tahliye süresini minimize edecek şekilde oda – müşteri ataması yapan bir matematiksel model önerisinde bulunmaktır. Çalışmada, önerilen modelin sonuçları, rast gele oda – müşteri ataması sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmış, önerilen modelin her senaryoda daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tahliye süresi, Konaklama işletmeleri, Müşteri-oda ataması

A Model Suggestion for Minimizing the Emergency Evacuation Time in Accommodation Establishments

Öz

It is difficult to predict evacuation times in accommodation establishments in emergency situations due to the customers served who have different mobility, from persons with disabilities to athletic people, and perceptual differences. In cases such as fire and earthquake, evacuating the building as soon as possible is important as a preventive action for customers. The minimum time to evacuate the guests from the rooms to emergency assembly points, ensures decrease the losses of life and property. The purpose of this study is to propose a mathematical model that minimizes the emergency evacuation time, assigns customers to the rooms by considering the characteristics of them and the building, in the potential emergency situations. Results of the proposed model for different scenarios are compared with the results of randomized customer-room assignments, the proposed model yields better results in each scenario.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emergency time, Accommodation establishments, Customer-room assignment

Kaynakça

• ADEMS, A. P. M., GALES, E.R. (2010). An experimental Evaluation of Movement Devices used to assist people with reduced mobility in high-rise building evacuations. Presented at PED 2010, NIST, Maryland USA, https://fseg.gre.ac.uk/fire/fseg_ped2010_prm_distrb_final.pdf.
• ALIGHADR, S., FALLAHI, A., KIYONO, J., MIYAJIMA, M. (2013). Simulation of Evacuation Behaviour During a Disaster for Classes Building of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University by Using DEM. In Progress of Geo-Disaster Mitigation Technology in Asia (pp. 391-399). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• ASHRAF TASHRIFULLAHI, S., HASSANAIN, M. A. (2013). A Simulation Model for Emergency Evacuation Time of a Library Facility using EVACNET4. Structural Survey, 31(2), 75-92.
• AYDIN, N., BIRBIL, S. I. (2018). Decomposition Methods for Dynamic Room Allocation in Hotel Revenue Management. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(1), 179-192.
• AZIZ, H. A., SALEH, M., RASMY, M. H., ELSHISHINY, H. (2011). Dynamic Room Pricing Model for Hotel Revenue Management Systems. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 12(3), 177-183.IEEE.
• BOYCE, K. E., SHIELDS, T. J., SILCOCK, G. W. H. (1999). Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capabilities of Disabled People Moving Horizontally and on an Incline. Fire Technology, 35(1), 51-67.
• BOYCE, K. E., SHIELDS, T. J., SILCOCK, G. W. H. (1999). Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Prevalence, Type, and Mobility of Disabled People. Fire Technology, 35(1), 35-50.
• BOYCE, K. E., SHIELDS, T. J., SILCOCK, G. W. H. (1999). Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capability of People with Disabilities to Read and Locate Exit Signs. Fire Technology, 35(1), 79-86.
• BOYCE, K. E., SHIELDS, T. J., SILCOCK, G. W. H. (1999). Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capability of Disabled People to Negotiate Doors. Fire Technology, 35(1), 68-78.
• CHI, J.-H. (2012). An Analysis of Occupant Evacuation Time During a Hotel Fire Using Evacuation Tests. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 22 (4), 301-314.
• CUSTER, R. L., MEACHAM, B. J. (1997). Introduction to Performance-Based Fire Safety. Society of Fire Protection Engineers.
• EUROSTAT (2020), Number of establishments, bedrooms and bed-places, (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_cap_nat/default/table?lang=en)
• FAHY, R. F., PROULX, G. (2001, March). Toward Creating a Database on Delay times to Start Evacuation and Walking Speeds for Use in Evacuation Modeling. In 2nd İnternational Symposium On Human Behaviour in Fire (pp. 175-183). Boston, MA, USA.
• KOBES, M., HELSLOOT, I., DE VRIES, B., POST, J. (2010). Exit Choice,(pre-) Movement Time and (pre-) Evacuation Behaviour in Hotel Fire Evacuation—Behavioural Analysis and Validation of the Use of Serious Gaming in Experimental Research. Procedia Engineering, 3, 37-51.
• KOBES, M., HELSLOOT, I., DE VRIES, B., POST, J. G. (2010). Building Safety and Human Behaviour in Fire: A Literature Review. Fire Safety Journal, 45(1), 1-11.
• KOIDE, T., ISHII, H. (2005). The Hotel Yield Management with Two Types of Room Prices, Overbooking and Cancellations. International Journal of Production Economics, 93, 417-428.
• KULIGOWSKI, E. D., GWYNNE, S. M. (2010). The Need for Behavioral Theory in Evacuation Modeling. In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008 (pp. 721-732). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• KULİGOWSKİ, E. D., MİLKE, J. A. (2005). A Performance-Based Egress Analysis of a Hotel Building Using Two Models. Journal Of Fire Protection Engineering, 15(4), 287-305.
• KULIGOWSKI, E. D., PEACOCK, R. D., HOSKINS, B. L. (2010). A Review of Building Evacuation Models, (Rep. No. NIST TN 1680) National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD.
• LACAGNİNA, V., PROVENZANO, D. (2016). An Integrated Fuzzy-Stochastic Model for Revenue Management: The Hospitality Industry Case. Tourism Economics, 22(4), 779-792.
• LORD, J., MEACHAM, B., MOORE, A., FAHY, R., PROULX, G. (2005). Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capabilities of Computer Egress Models. NIST GCR, 06-886.
• PROULX, G. (1995). Evacuation Time and Movement in Apartment Buildings. Fire safety journal, 24(3), 229-246.
• PROULX, G. (2001, May). Occupant Behaviour and Evacuation. In Proceedings of the 9th International Fire Protection Symposium(pp. 219-232).
• RUBADIRI, L., NDUMU, D. T., ROBERTS, J. P. (1997). Predicting the Evacuation Capability of Mobility-Impaired Occupants. Fire Technology, 33(1), 32-53.
• SHIN, D., PARK, H. J., SEONG, Y., PARK, E. H., NTUEN, C. (2008, January). Development of a New Evacuation Strategy Based on Occupants Density and Exit Door Capacity. In IIE Annual Conference. Proceedings (p. 1532). Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE).
• SONG, J., PARLAR, M., YUAN, Q. (2010, August). Decision Making of Hotel Room Allocation: A Statistic Game. In Internet Technology and Applications, 2010 International Conference on(pp. 1-4).
• TWEEDIE, S. W., ROWLAND, J. R., WALSH, S. J., RHOTEN, R. P., HAGLE, P. I. (1986). A Methodology for Estimating Emergency Evacuation Times. The Social Science Journal, 23(2), 189-204.
• ZHANG, X., LI, X., HADJISOPHOCLEOUS, G. (2013). A Probabilistic Occupant Evacuation Model for Fire Emergencies Using Monte Carlo Methods. Fire Safety Journal, 58, 15-24.
• ZHANG, X., LI, X., HADJISOPHOCLEOUS, G. (2014). A Probabilistic Occupant Response Model for Fire Emergencies. Fire Safety Journal, 68, 41-51.