PALYATİF BAKIM HASTALARINDA MANEVİ BAKIM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13, 51 - 72, 31.12.2018

Rukiye Pınar Bölüktaş

Öz

Bu çalışmada palyatif bakım hastalarında maneviyat ve manevi bakım
konusunda yapılan araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Palyatif bakım, ilerlemiş
ve/veya ilerleyici hastalığı olan ve tıbbi olarak tedavinin mümkün olmadığı
hastalarda ve bu hastaların ailelerinde fiziksel, psiko-sosyal ve manevi
sorunların önlenmesi/ hafifletilmesine ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine
yönelik yaklaşımları içerir. Palyatif bakım yaklaşımı ölümü normal bir süreç
olarak kabul eder, hasta bakımının psikolojik ve inanç yönlerini bütünleştirir,
hastanın ölüme kadar mümkün olduğu kadar aktif olarak yaşamasına, yanısıra
hastaların hastalıkları ve ölüm sonrasında ise ailenin yas tutma süreçlerinin
üstesinden gelmesine yardımcı olur. Maneviyat “bireylerin anlam ve amaç
arama ve bunu ifade etme tarzı, içinde bulunulan ana, kendisine, başkalarına,
doğaya, anlamlı ve kutsal olana bağlanma biçimi” olarak tanımlanabilir.
Herhangi bir dine ve inanca bağlı olsun ya da olmasın palyatif bakım
hastalarının çoğu manevi sıkıntı yaşar. Manevi sıkıntı anlamsızlık,
umutsuzluk, başkalarına bağımlılılık, izole olmuş hissetme ve desteksizlik
duygusu şeklinde algılanabilir; korku, sinirlilik, umutsuzluk, depresyon
şeklinde tezahür edebilir ve intihar düşünceleri ile ilişkili olabilir. Tersine
manevi esenlik iç huzur, umut, değerli ve saygın hissetme, daha iyi yaşam
kalitesi, daha az depresyon ve daha az anksiyete ile ilişkilidir. Konu ile ilgili
yapılan çalışmalar ölümü yaklaşan hastaların manevi bakım hizmetlerine
zaman eksikliği, profesyonel eğitim eksikliği, bilinç eksikliği, sağlık
çalışanları ve hasta ve aileleri arasındaki kültürel farklılıklar vb gibi bireysel,
kurumsal ve kültürel engeller nedeniyle yeterince ulaşamadıklarını
göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak manevi bakım mutlaka palyatif bakım
hizmetlerine entegre edilmeli; manevi bakım uygulamaları, bazı gelişmiş
ülkelerde olduğu gibi, verilen hizmetlerin kalite göstergesi olarak ele
alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşam sonu bakım, palyatif bakım, terminal dönem bakımı, maneviyat

Kaynakça

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