USING WHITE WORM (Enchytraeus spp.) AS A LIVE FEED IN AQUARIUM FISH CULTURE

Abstract

White worm (Enchytraeus spp.) belongs to Enchytraeidae family. In live feed culture, important criteria are high nutritional value, sterile, easy, economic and sustainable production. In comparison with lots of live feed species collected from nature or produced under controlled conditions, white worms have a great value thanks to their high food quality in particular, easy, uninterrupted and economic production in large quantities in sterilized culture conditions. White worms produced under controlled conditions will expand its usage area as a qualified live feed not only in edible fish sector but also in aquarium fish sector.

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous, 2013, Available: http://F:beyaz kurt/fish
2. Gobble-white worm.htm. Accessed 07 June 2014.
3. Astong RJ, Sadler K, Milner AGP, 1982, The effects of temperature on the culture of Branchıura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) on Activated sludge, Aquaculture 29, 137-145.
4. Bell WA, 1958, The Anatomy of the oligochaeta Enchytraeus albidus with a keyto the species of the genus Enchytraeus, American Museum Novitates 1902, 1-13.
5. Bouguenec V, Giani N, 1989, Biological studies upon Enchytraeus variatus Bouguenec, V and Giani, N. 1987 in breeding cultures, Hydrobiologia 180,
6. -165.
7. FAO, 2013, Avaliable: http://www.fao.org/
8. docrep/017/i2144e/i2144e.pdf. Accessed 08 June 2014.

9. Farahi A, Kasiri M, Talebi A, Sudagar M, 2010, Effect of different feed types on growth, spawning, hatching and larval survival in angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare Lictenstein,1823), AACL Bioflux 3, 229-303.
10. Greco FM, Fitzpatrick MP, Graffam WS, Dierenfeld ES, Thoney DA, 2001, Preliminary evaluation of selected nutrient composition of two life stages of Artemia salina before and after feeding an enriched torula yeast product. Available: hhtp: // www. Frankmgreco.com/artemiatable_1.htm. Accessed 07 June 2014.
11. Howarth GJ, Walsh ML, Howell WH, 2008, The feasibility of rearing White worms (Enchytraesalbidus) as a potential live diet feed for winter flounder stock enhancement, 11th Flath Fish Biology Conference Program & Abstacts (3-4 December 2008, Westbrook, CT), Northeast Fisheries Sciences Center, Reference Document, 08-19.
12. Jimenez- Rojaz JE, Almeciga-Diaz PA, Herazo-Duarte DM, 2012, Desempeno de juvanile del pezangel Pterophyllum scalare almentadoscon el oligoqueto Enchytraeus buchholzi. Available: www.javeriana.
13. edu.co/universitas_scientarium. Accessed 29 April 2014.
14. Kasiri M, Farahi A, Sudagar M, 2012, Growth and reproductive performance by different feed types in fresh water angelfish Pterophyllum scalare Schultze, 1823, Veterinary Research Forum 3, 175-179.
15. Mandal B, Mukherjee A, Banerjee S, 2010, Growth and pigmentation development efficiences in fantail guppy, Poecili areticulata fed with commercially available feeds, Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America doi: 10.5251/abjna.2010.1.6.1264.1267.
16. Mahfuj MS, Hossain MA, Sarower MG, 2012, Effect of different feeds on larval development and survival of ornamental koi carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae in laboratory condition, Journal Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, 297-308. Maraldo K, 2009, Enchytraeidae (Oligichaeta) in a changing climate. Ecology and ecophysiology of enchytraeid sexposed to climate changes, PhD Thesis, Aarhus University Department of Terrestial Ecology National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, 128.
17. Memiþ D, Çelikkale MS, Ercan E, 2004, The effect of different diets on the white worm (Enchtraeus albidus Henle,1837) Reproduction, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 4, 5-7.
18. Myohara M, Yoshida-Noro C, Kobari F, Tochinai S, 1999, Fragmenting Oligochaeta Enchytraeus Japonensis: a new material for regeneration study, Development Growth Differentiation 41, 549-555.
19. Somsiri T, Puttinaowarat S, Soontornwit S, Lacharoje S, 2005, Contamination of Mycobacterium spp. in livefeeds (In: Walker P, Lester R, Bondad-Reantaso MG, editors, Diseases in Asian Aquaculture V) Manila, Fish Healt Section, Asian Fisheries Society, 227-235.
20. Þahin D, Öz M, Karslı Z, Aral O, Bahtiyar M, 2014, Effect of Frozen White worm (Enchytraeus sp.) on growth of platy (Xiphophorus maculatus Günther, 1866), FABA 2014, (25-27 September, 2014, Trabzon, Turkey), 288.
21. Tappin AT, 2010, Rainbow fishes-Their Care & Keeping in Captivitiy. Available: http://myweb.tiscali.
22. co.uk/hounslowfish/index.htg/Rainbowfishes.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2014.
23. Rezvani A, Amiri BM, Manouchehri H, Abadian R, 2011, Measurement of gonadal development of Astronotus ocellatus, (Cuvier,1829) as a result of feeding earthworm (Eisenia foetida), International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture
24. , 11-13.
25. Watanabe T, Kitajima C, Fujita S, 1983, Nutritional values of live organisms used in Japan for mass propagation of fish. A Review, Aquaculture 34, 115-143.
26. Yanar M, Yanar Y, Genç MA, 2003, Nutritional composition of Tubifex tubifex Müller,1774 (Annelidae), Ege Üniversitesi, Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Science 20, 103-110.